Pyriproxyfen ve Bacillus thuringiensis'in Galleria mellonella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)'nın enzimatik antioksidan savunma sistemi ve hemosit sayılarına etkileri

Öz

Biyolojik mücadele yöntemlerinin artan kullanımları nedeniyle, bu insektisitlerin böcekler üzerindeki fizyolojik ve immünolojik etkilerinin bilinmesi, tarımsal alanlarda güvenle kullanılabilmesi için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, pyriproxyfen ve Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki’ nin tek başına ve karışım halinde 24,48 ve 72 saatlik etkileri sonucunda, Galleria mellonella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’nın 5. dönem larvaların hemolenf, orta barsak ve yağ dokusunda malondialdehid (MDA) miktarı, glutatyon-s-transferaz, asetilkolinesteraz, sitokrom P450 aktiviteleri ile total ve diferansiyel hemosit sayıları üzerine etkilerini laboratuvar koşulları altında (30 ± 1ºC, %65 ± 5 RH) belirlemektir. Çalışma, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü Hayvan Fizyolojisi araştırma laboratuvarında 2016-2018 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Pyriproxyfen ve B. thuringiensis’in etkisinde, larvaların hemolenf, orta barsak ve yağ dokusunda antioksidan ve detoksifikasyon enzim aktiviteleri ile MDA seviyesinde uygulama süresine ve doku farklılıklarına bağlı olarak değişimler belirlenmiştir. Total hemosit sayısında uygulamadan 24 saat sonra azalma, 48 ve 72 saat sonra ise artış meydana gelmiştir. Diferansiyel hemosit sayısı üzerine etkilerinde ise, pyriproxyfen ve B. thuringiensis uygulamasına ve uygulama zamanına bağlı olarak değişiklikler meydana geldiği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile pyriproxyfen ve B. thuringiensis uygulamalarının biyokimyasal ve fizyolojik reaksiyonlara neden olduğu ve hemosit sayılarında değişikliğe yol açarak bağışıklık savunma sistemini etkilediği ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antioksidan savunma
• detoksifikasyon
• Galleria mellonella
• immun savunma
• pfyriproxyfen

Effects of pyriproxyfen and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915 on enzymatic antioxidant defense system and hemocytes of Galleria mellonella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract

With the increasing uses of biological control methods, knowing the physiological and immunological effects of these insecticides on insects is essential for them to be used safely in agricultural areas. The aim of the study is to determine the effects of pyriproxyfen and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki individually and as a mixture on malondialdehyde levels (MDA), glutathione-s-transferase, acetylcholinesterase, cytochrome P450 enzyme activities in hemolymph, midgut, and fat body and total (THC) and differential hemocyte counts (DHC) of fifth instar larvae of Galleria mellonella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure under laboratory conditions (30 ± 1ºC, 65 ± 5% RH). The study was conducted in the Animal Physiology Research Laboratory of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letter, University of Çukurova between 2016-2018. Effects of these insecticides on antioxidant, detoxification enzyme activities and MDA levels were changed depends on exposure time and the differences of tissues. THC decreased after 24 h, whereas it had increased after 48 and 72 h. DHC induced depends on exposure time and applied insecticide. This study revealed that pyriproxyfen and B. thuringiensis applications caused biochemical, physiological reactions and effected the immune defense system of larvae by the alterations in hemocyte counts.

Keywords

• Antioxidant defense
• detoxification
• Galleria mellonella
• immune defense
• pyriproxyfen

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