İzmir İli (Türkiye) patates üretim alanlarında patates kist nematodları ve kök-ur nematodlarının teşhisi ve yaygınlığı

Abstract

Globodera spp. ve Meloidogyne spp. morfolojik ve moleküler yöntemler kullanılarak tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca, 2015 yılında İzmir (Türkiye) patates üretim alanlarında bu nematodların dağılımı ve popülasyon yoğunlukları tespit edilmiştir. Sürvey sırasında toplam 223 toprak örneği alınmış ve 32 örneğin Globodera spp. ile 41 örneğin Meloidogyne spp. ile bulaşık olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Nematodların tür teşhisi, kist/dişi bireylerin anal kesitleri ve ikinci dönem larvaların morfometrik ölçümleri kullanılarak morfolojik olarak yapılmıştır. Aynı zamanda moleküler tür teşhislerinde türe özgü spesifik primerleri kullanılmıştır. Kist nematodları ile bulaşık olan tüm örneklerde sadece Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) türü bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, kök-ur nematodlarından Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden, O'Bannon, Santo & Finley, 1980, Meloidogyne hapla (Chitwood, 1949), Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 ve Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) türleri tespit edilmiştir. Meloidogyne türlerinin yaygınlık oranları sırasıyla %2.4, 12.2, 61.0 ve 24.4 olarak belirlenmiştir. Topraktaki birey sayıları açısından, tüm G. rostochiensis (10 yumurta/g toprak) ve M. chitwoodi (1 larva/250 cm³ toprak) popülasyon yoğunlukları patates üretimi için ekonomik zarar eşiklerinin üzerinde tespit edilmiştir. Meloidogyne incognita’ya ait iki popülasyon (0.5-2 larva/250 cm³ toprak) da belirtilen eşik seviyelerinin üzerinde bulunmuştur.

Keywords

• Globodera spp.,Meloidogyne spp.,moleküler tanılama,patates,Türkiye

Identification and prevalence of potato cyst nematodes and root-knot nematodes in the potato production areas of İzmir Province, Turkey

Abstract

Globodera spp. and Meloidogyne spp. were identified using morphological and molecular methods. Also, the distribution and population densities of these nematodes were determined in potato cultivation areas of İzmir (Turkey) in 2015. Two hundred and twenty-three soil samples were collected during the survey and 32 samples were found to be infested with Globodera spp. and 41 samples with Meloidogyne spp. The identification of nematodes was made morphologically using perennial patterns of cyst/female individuals and morphometrics of second stage juveniles. Also, species specific primers were used for molecular identification. Only Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) were found in the samples that contained cyst nematodes. Also, the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden, O'Bannon, Santo & Finley, 1980, Meloidogyne hapla (Chitwood, 1949), Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949, and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) were found. The prevalence rates of Meloidogyne species were determined as 2.4, 12.2, 61.0 and 24.4%, respectively. In terms of the number of individuals in soil, all G. rostochiensis (10 eggs/g soil) and M. chitwoodi (1 juvenile/250 cm³ soil) population levels were detected above the economic damage thresholds for potato production. Also, two populations of M. incognita (0.5-2 juvenile/250 cm³ soil) were found above the specified threshold levels.

Keywords

• Globodera spp.,Meloidogyne spp.,molecular identification,potato,Turkey

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