Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)’in Türkiye popülasyonlarının tanımlanması, yaygınlık ve genetik çeşitliliği

Öz

Altın nematod, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) dünyada ekonomik açıdan en önemli patates zararlılarından birisidir. Genellikle patates yetiştirilen alanlarındaki dağılımları ve yoğunluklarını belirlemek amacıyla bu nematod için rutin olarak testler gerçekleştirilmektedir. Morfolojik ve moleküler analizler bu nematodun kesin tanısını yapmak ve mücadele stratejilerini oluşturmak amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, İzmir İli’nin Bozdağ ve Ödemiş ilçelerinden 2017 ve 2018 yılları patates yetiştiriciliği sezonlarında alınan toprak örneklerinin %96'sının G. rostochiensis ile enfekte olduğunu göstermiştir. Bulaşık alanlardaki ortalama kist sayısı, 0.01 ila 3.70 kist g-1 toprak arasında değişmiştir. Globodera rostochiensis'in ikinci dönem larva ve kistlerinin morfolojik ve morfometrik karakterlerinin incelenmesi, Bozdağ ve Ödemiş’ten elde edilen popülasyonlarda arasındaki hafif farklılıkları ortaya koymuştur. Tanımlamanın doğruluğunu değerlendirmek için, tüm popülasyonlar için kısmi ribozomal DNA sekansları amplifiye edilmiş, sekanslanmış ve GenBank veritabanına kaydedilmiştir. Morfolojik ölçümler ve filogenetik analizler sonucunda Bozdağ ve Ödemiş'ten elde edilen popülasyonlar arasında küçük farklılıkların olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sekansların GenBank'ta mevcut karşılık gelen G. rostochiensis popülasyonlarıyla karşılaştırılması sonucunda nükleotid benzerliği %99.89-100 oranında görülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, bu zararlıyı daha etkili bir şekilde karantinaya almak için nematodun fizyolojisini, ekolojisini ve biyolojisini daha iyi anlamaya yardımcı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Globodera rostochiensis
• ITS
• İzmir
• morfoloji
• filogenetik

Identification, distribution and genetic diversity of Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) populations in Turkey

Abstract

The golden nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) is one of the most economically important pests of potato in the world. Tests for this nematode are routinely performed for outbreaks and densities in potato growing areas. The morphological and molecular analyses for precise determination of the nematode are employed to establish appropriate management strategies. This study showed that 96% of soil samples obtained from Bozdağ and Ödemiş Districts of İzmir Province, during 2017 and 2018 potato growing seasons, were positive for G. rostochiensis. The mean number of cysts ranged from 0.01 to 3.70 cysts g-1 soil in the fields examined. The examination of the morphological and morphometric features of the second-stage juveniles and cysts of the G. rostochiensis revealed slight differences among the populations obtained from Bozdağ and Ödemis. To assess the accuracy of the identification, partial sequences of ribosomal DNA for all populations were amplified, sequenced, and deposited in GenBank. The comparisons of the sequences with those of corresponding G. rostochiensis populations available in GenBank showed 99.89-100% nucleotide similarity. The results of this study will help to better understand the physiology, ecology and biology of the nematode to quarantine this pest more effectively.

Keywords

• Globodera rostochiensis
• ITS
• İzmir
• morphology
• phylogeny

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