Composition, seasonal abundance and withinplant distribution of Thysanoptera species associated with seedless grapes (Sultana) in districts of Manisa, Turkey

Abstract

This study investigated the species composition of Thysanoptera and the withinplant distribution, abundance and relation to plant phenology of major species on Round Seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L. var. Sultana) in the Manisa Province, Turkey in 20032005. Monthly surveys were conducted in 41 vineyards in 11 districts of the province starting with bud burst (early April) and ending with complete defoliation (late November). Thrips were collected by beating plants in the field or by examining plant samples in the laboratory. A total of 35 Thysanoptera species was recorded. The most common and abundant species were (in descending order): Rubiothrips vitis (Priesner, 1933), Thrips tabaci (Lindeman, 1889), Mycterothrips albidicornis (Knechtel, 1923) + M. tschirkunae (Jachontov , 1961), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895) and Drepanothrips reuteri Uzel, 1895 (Thripidae). All major species were present in varying numbers from shoot growth to post-harvest. The highest thrips densities were attained during bud burst and early shoot growth, when R. vitis was the only species detected. Thereafter, R. vitis number declined sharply. Other major species, with the exception of T. tabaci, tended to increase before fruit ripening and/or afterwards. The most abundant species on different parts of the grapevines were as follows: T. tabaci, D. reuteri and R. vitis on leaves and shoots; T. tabaci, D. reuteri and F. occidentalis in flowers and D. reuteri in bunches. R. vitis has the highest potential to pose a threat to seedless grapes. The abundance of F. occidentalis is low; therefore, the incidence of scars or spots on berries attributed to it and quarantine problems stemming from its presence in exported table grapes are expected to be minimal

Keywords

• Vitis vinifera var. sultana
• Rubiothrips vitis
• Frankliniella occidentalis
• Drepanothrips reuteri
• Thrips tabaci

Manisa (Türkiye) ilinde çekirdeksiz üzüm bağlarında (Sultaniye) görülen Thysanoptera türleri, mevsimsel ve bitki üzerindeki dağılımları

Öz

Manisa (Türkiye) ilinin ilçelerinde, 2003-2005 yılları arasında Yuvarlak çekirdeksiz üzüm (Vitis vinifera L. var. Sultana) çeşidinde görülen Thysanoptera türleri belirlenerek önemli türlerin bitki fenolojisiyle ilişkileri, bitki üzerinde bulundukları yerlere göre dağılışları ve yoğunlukları incelenmiştir. Aylık sürveyler Manisa ilinin 11 ilçesinde gözlerin uyanmasıyla başlamış (nisan başı) ve hasattan sonra asmalar yapraklarını dökünceye kadar (kasım sonu) devam etmiştir. Thripsler, asmalardan darbe yöntemiyle veya laboratuvara getirilen bitki örneklerinin incelenmesiyle elde edilmiştir. Sürvey sonucunda toplam 35 tür elde edilmiştir. En yaygın ve yoğun tür Rubiothrips vitis (Priesner, 1933) olup, onu sırasıyla Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1889, Mycterothrips albidicornis (Knechtel, 1923) + M. tschirkunae (Jachontov, 1961) Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895) ve Drepanothrips reuteri Uzel, 1895, (Thripidae) izlemiştir. Asmalar üzerinde Thripsler ilkbaharda gözlerin uyanışından, hasat sonrasına kadar değişen sayılarda bulunmuştur. Asmada en yüksek thrips yoğunluğuna gözlerin uyanmaya başladığı dönemde, R. vitis ile ulaşılmış, sonraki dönemlerde sayısı hızla azalmıştır. T. tabaci dışındaki diğer önemli türler olgun meyve dönemi öncesi ve/veya sonrasında artış göstermiştir. Önemli türlerden T. tabaci, D. reuteri ve R. vitis yaprak ve sürgünlerde; T. tabaci, D. reuteri ve F. occidentalis çiçeklerde; D. reuteri salkımlarda daha bol bulunmuştur. R. vitis çekirdeksiz üzümlerde en yüksek potansiyele sahip tür olarak saptanmıştır. F. occidentalis ‘in yoğunluğu düşük bulunmuştur. F. occidentalis üzüm tanelerinin kabuğunda yara ve lekelere neden olduğu için ihracatta önemli sorunlara yol açtığından istenmemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vitis vinifera var. sultana
• Drepanothrips reuteri
• Rubiothrips vitis
• Frankliniella occidentalis
• Thrips tabaci

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