Contact toxicity and persistence of essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare, Teucrium polium and Satureja hortensis against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) adults (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Abstract

Keywords

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Foeniculum vulgare, Teucrium polium and Satureja hortensis uçucu yağlarının Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) erginlerine kontakt ve residüyel etkisi

Öz

Foeniculum vulgare Miller (Apiaceae), Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae) ve Satureja hortensis L. (Lamiaceae)’den ekstrakte edilen uçucu yağların kontakt ve residüyel etkisi 28 ± 2 °C, % 60 ± 5 bağıl nemde, karanlık ortamda börülce tohum böceği, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) erginlerine karşı değerlendirilmiştir. Kontak toksisite testleri C. maculatus’un bir günlük erginleri kullanılarak uçucu yağların 6 konsantrasyonuna 24 saat maruz bırakılarak yapılmıştır. Uçucu yağların insektisidal aktivitesinin kalıcılığı ise, LC99 düzeyinde 30 saatlik süreyle incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, yetişkinlerin ölüm oranının doz ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Erkek bireyler, dişilere göre uçucu yağlara daha duyarlı bulunmuştur. C. maculatus dişi ve erkek erginlerine karşı en toksik olan ekstraktlar sırasıyla 390,38 ve 513,46 μl.m-2 LC50 değerleri ile F. vulgare uçucu yağı olmuştur. Ayrıca, S. hortensis‘den elde edilen yağ, C. maculatus erkek ve dişi erginlerine karşı sırasıyla, 535,69 ve 640,99 μl.m-2 LC50 değerleri ile, 1263,09 ve 1469,72 μl.m-2 LC50 değerleri olan T. polium’dan elde edilen yağa göre daha toksik olarak bulunmuştur. Kalıcılık testi sonucunda, S. hortensis esansiyel yağının en kalıcı, T. polium’dan elde edilen yağın ise en az kalıcı yağ olduğu belirlenmiştir. S. hortensis yağının diğer yağlarla kıyaslandığında görülen yüksek kalıcılığının ihtiva ettiği yüksek orandaki oksijenli bileşiklerden olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, bu uçucu yağların börülce tohum böceğini kontrol etmek için birer alternatif olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uçucu yağlar, residüyel, kontakt toksisite, fasülye tohum böceği

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