Toxicity of carbon dioxide to different developmental stages of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Trichogramma embryophagum Hartig (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Abstract

The use of carbon dioxide (CO) is a very effective method for controlling insect pests. The effects of CO on developmental stages of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Trichogramma embryophagum Hartig (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were determined in this study. We aimed to establish a technique that can be used for controlling the stored-product pest, E. kuehniella with a natural enemy, T. embryophagum. Egg, larva, pupa and adult stages of E. kuehniella and T. embryophagum were exposed to 0, 10 and 20% CO gases in a COincubator at 27 o C and atmospheric pressure for different exposure times. The adult stage of E. kuehniella was more sensitive than its egg, larva and pupa in either percentage of CO or increasing exposure time. But the adult of T. embryophagum was the most sensitive stage at only highest dose of CO. On the other hand the larvae of T. embryophagum were the most resistant stage at 10% CO. Consequently, the developmental stages of two insect species had different susceptibility to increasing percentage of CO. These results suggest that a low percentage of CO may be used with T. embryophagum for controlling the stored-product pest, E. kuehniella.

Keywords

• Carbon dioxide, Ephestia kuehniella, Trichogramma embryophagum, developmental stages

Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) ve Trichogramma embryophagum Hartig (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)'un farklı gelişme evrelerine karşı karbon dioksitin toksik etkisi

Öz

Zararlı böceklerin kontrolünde karbon dioksit (CO) kullanımı oldukça etkili bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) ve Trichogramma embryophagum Hartig (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)’un gelişim evreleri üzerine CO‘in etkisi belirlenmiştir. Depolanmış ürün zararlısı E. kuehniella’nın kontrolü için doğal düşman T. embryophagum ile birlikte kullanılacak bir yöntem geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. E. kuehniella ve T. embryophagum’un yumurta, larva pupa ve ergin evreleri COinkübatörü içerisinde o C ve atmosferik basınç altında değişik uygulama sürelerinde % 0, 10 ve 20’lik COgazına maruz bırakılmıştır. Artan uygulama süresinde ve her iki COkonsantrasyonunda E. kuehniella’nın ergin evresi yumurta, larva ve pupadan daha duyarlıdır. Fakat T. embryophagum için sadece en yüksek CO dozunda en duyarlı evre ergin evredir. Diğer taraftan %10 CO uygulamasında T. embryophagum’un larva evresi en dirençli evredir. Sonuç olarak, artan CO konsantrasyonuna karşı farklı iki böcek türünün gelişim evreleri farklı duyarlılığa sahiptir. Bu sonuçlar depolanmış ürün zararlısı E. kuehniella’nın kontrolü için düşük COdozunun T. embryophagum’la birlikte kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karbon dioksit, Ephestia kuehniella, Trichogramma embryophagum, gelişim evreleri

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