Effect of entomopathogenic nematode species on the corn stalk borer (Sesamia cretica Led. Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at different temperatures

Abstract

Three Turkish strains of the entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae (Adapazarı), S. feltiae (Çanakkale) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Kırklareli), were tested in the laboratory for their virulence on the last instar larvae of the corn stalk borer, Sesamia cretica. Mortality rates of last instar S. cretica larvae were determined for each nematode species under four different temperature treatments. Accordingly, at 15 ºC, mortalities of S. cretica exposed to S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora were 48, 56 and 14%, respectively. These mortalities at 20 ºC were 62, 76 and 50%; at 25 ºC, 82, 90 and 90%; and at 30 ºC (the highest application temperature), mortality was 82, 92 and 94%, respectively. These results show that S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae caused similar mortalities at all applied temperatures and their effectiveness increased as the temperature increased. Although H. bacteriophora caused low mortality at low temperatures, it infected and caused very high levels of mortality at relatively high temperatures.

Keywords

• Sesamia cretica, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

Entomopatojen nematod türlerinin farklı sıcaklıklarda mısır koçan kurdu (Sesamia cretica Led. Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) üzerindeki etkinliği

Öz

Entomopatojen nematodlar; Steinernema carpocapsae (Adapazarı), S. feltiae (Çanakkale) ve Heterorhabditis bacteriophora’nın (Kırklareli) üç Türk izolatının mısır koçan kurdu Sesamia cretica’nın son dönem larvalarına karşı etkinlikleri araştırılmıştır. Entomopatojen nematodlar tarafından infekte edilen son dönem Sesamia cretica larvalarındaki ölüm oranları nematod türüne ve uygulandığı sıcaklığa bağlı olarak değişmekle birlikte 15 o C’de, S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae ve H. bacteriophora için sırası ile % 48, 56 ve 14 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu oran 20 o C’de, % 62, 76 ve 50, 25 o C’de % 82, 90 ve 90, denemede kullanılan en yüksek sıcaklık olan 30 o C’de ise % 82, 92 ve 94 olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar S. carpocapsae ve S. feltiae’nin uygulandığı tüm sıcaklıklarda birbirine yakın sonuçlar verdiğini ve sıcaklığın artması ile etkinliklerinin de arttığını, H. bacteriophora’nın ise düşük sıcaklıklarda oldukça düşük olan infekte etme oranının, yüksek sıcaklıklarda çok yüksek seviyelere ulaştığını ve en iyi infeksiyonun bu sıcaklık derecelerinde olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sesamia cretica, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora.

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