Analysis of hexythiazox resistance mechanisms in a laboratory selected predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Abstract

Hexythiazox resistance in a Neoseiulus californicus population selected in laboratory conditions was analyzed in the present study . LC50 and LC60 values of N. californicus were determined via the leaf disk method using a spray tower. Resistance ratios were determined by dividing the LC50 values of selected populations to the LC50 value of the laboratory population. Resistance ratio was increased to 64.04 -fold in selected population (named HEX14) after 14 selection cycles with hexythiazox. The effects of PBO, IBP and DEM were examined on hexythiazox resistance. Furthermore, glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and acetylcholinesterase enzymes were determined using kinetic methods and esterase enzyme was determined using electrophoretic and kinetic methods in laboratory and HEX14 populations. The study conducted with PBO, IBP and DEM in the HEX14 population showed that synergistic effect rates were 1.71, 3.25 and 1.98 -fold, respectively. The cross resistance ratios of the HEX14 population to spirodiclofen, etoxazole, spiromesifen, propargite, clofentezine and milbectin were 8.12, 14.41, 17.96, 17.48, 12.67 and 11.22 -fold, respectively. The hexythiazox resistance of the HEX14 population was incompletely dominant and monogenic. A 3.27 -fold esterase, 2.35 -fold GST and 2.02 -fold cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and 3.34 -fold AChE enzyme activity were detected in the HEX14 population in biochemical assays

Keywords

• Neoseiulus californicus, hexythiazox, synergist, inheritance, detoxification enzymes

Laboratuvarda seleksiyona maruz bırakılan avcı akar Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)'da hexythiazox direnç mekanizmasının incelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada laboratuar ortamında seleksiyona maruz bırakılaran N. californicus popülasyonu üzerinde hexythiazox direnci incelenmiştir. N. californicus popülasyonlarının LC50 ve LC60 değerleri ilaçlama kulesi kullanılarak yaprak disk metodu ile belirlenmiştir. Direnç oranları seleksiyona maruz bırakılan popülasyonların LC50 değerlerinin hassas popülasyonunun LC50 değerine bölünmesiyle belirlenmiştir. Seleksiyon çalışmasında, 14 defa hexythiazox uygulaması yapılan populasyonda hexythiazox’a karşı 64.04 kat direnç geliştiği tespit edilmiştir ve bu populasyon HEX14 olarak adlandırılmıştır. Sinerjistler,PBO, IBP ve DEM'in hexythiazox direnci üzerine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca laboratuar ve HEX14 popülasyonlarında glutathion S-transferaz, sitokrom P450 monooksigenaz ve asetilkolinesteraz enzimleri kinetik yöntemle, esteraz enzimi elektroforetik ve kinetik yöntemlerle belirlenmiştir. HEX14 popülasyonunda PBO, IBP ve DEM ile yapılan çalışma sonucunda sırasıyla 1.71, 3.25, 1.98 kat sinerjistik etki oranları belirlenmiştir. HEX14 popülasyonunun spirodiclofen, etoxazole, spiromesifen, propargite, clofentezine ve milbectin’e karşı gösterdiği çapraz direnç oranları sırasıyla, 8.12, 14.41, 17.96, 17.48, 12.67 ve 11.22 kat olarak bulunmuştur. HEX14 popülasyonunda hexhythiazox direncinin eksik baskın ve monogenik özellikte olduğu belirlenmiştir. Biyokimyasal testlerde,HEX14 popülasyonunda 3.27 kat esteraz, 2.35 kat GST, 2.02 kat sitokrom P450 monoksigenaz ve 3.34 kat AChE enzim aktivitesi bulunmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Neoseiulus californicus, hexythiazox, sinerjist, kalıtım, detoksifikasyon enzimleri

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