The effect of different pesticides on reproduction of entomopathogenic nematodes

Abstract

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are generally considered beneficial nematodes. These beneficial nematodes can serve in integrated pest management (IPM) in agro-ecosystems. The effect of chemical insecticides (11 different pesticides) on Steinernema sp. (EBN-1e), and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (EBN-10k) was determined under laboratory conditions. Generally, EBN-1e Steinernema strain was more tolerant to different tested insecticides than Heterorhabditis strain. The survival of IJs was more than 90% after treatement with Captan, Methomyl, Mancozeb, Benomyl, Trimiltox forte and Diafenthiuron, for EBN-1e nematode strain, while Chlorfluazuron decreased its survival to less than 5%. In contrast, the survival of Heterorahbditis strain was less than the Steinernema strain. There were significant differences in reproduction rates between EBN-1e and EBN-10k exposed to different chemical insecticides. The EBN-1e strain had higher reproduction rate than EBN-10k in all treatments. In general, there was significant difference in reproductive rates between the species concentrations (500 IJs and 1000 IJs) exposed to different chemicals or between exposure times (48 h. and 96 h.)

Keywords

• Entomopathogenic nematode survival, chemical pesticides, Steinernema and Heterorhabdities

Farklı pestisitlerin entomopatojenik nematodların üremesi üzerine etkisi

Öz

Steinernematidae ve Heterorhabditidae familyasına ait entomopatojenik nematodlar ( EPN ) genellikle yararlı nematodlar olarak kabul edilir. Bu faydalı nematodlar agro-ekosistemlerde entegre zararlı yönetimi ( IPM ) içinde hizmet edebilirler. Kimyasal insektisitlerin (11 farklı pestisit) Steinernema sp. (EBN-1e), ve Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (EBN-10k) üzerindeki etkileri laboratuvar koşullarında belirlenmiştir. Genellikle, EBN-1e Steinernema ırkı Heterorhabditis ırkına göre farklı insektsitlerde yapılan testlerde daha dayanıklı olmuştur. EBN-1e nematod ırkı infektif larvaları Captan, Methomyl, Mancozeb, Benomyl, Trimiltox forte ve Diafenthiuron ile uygulama yapıldığında canlılığı %90’dan fazla olmuş, Chlorfluazuron uygulamasında ise %5’in altına düşmüştür. Bunun aksine, Heterorahbditis ırkının canlı kalma oranı Steinernema ırkına göre daha az olmuştur. EBN-1e ve EBN.-10k üreme oranları arasında farklı kimyasal insektisit uygulamalarında önemli farklılıklar vardır. EBN-1e ırkının tüm uygulamalarında EBN.-10k ırkından daha yüksek üreme olmuştur. Genel olarak, türler arasındaki konsantrasyonlarda (500 IJs ve 1000 IJs), farklı kimyasallara maruz kalması veya maruz bırakma süreleri (48 ve 96 saat) ile üreme oranları açısından anlamlı bir fark yoktur

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Entomopathogenic nematod, canlı kalma, kimyasal pestisitler, Steinernema ve Heterorhabdities

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