Niklozamidin Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)'nın bazı biyolojik ve fizyolojik özelliklerine etkisi

Abstract

The salisilanilides function by inhibiting mitocondrial oxidative phosphorylation in parasitic tapeworms and thus they are used as an antiparasitic drug in medicine and veterinary. While the potent antihelmintic activity of niclosamide has been well characterised in mammals, this study investigated the in vivo insecticide effect of niclosamide using larvae of the insect Galleria mellonella. Niclosamide was successful in decreasing the survival of 7th instar larvae, pupal and adult stages while only the highest concentration of this antihelmintic antibiotic (1.0 %) significantly prolonged developmental time to adult stage. Fecundity of females was obtained as 78.6 ± 6.1 number of eggs/day/female in control diet. Fecundity were increased to 114.7 ± 10.9 at 0.1% of niclosamide. However, we could not obtain any egg at the highest concentration. An increase in the male adult longevity was obtained when reared with the highest concentrations of niclosamide. Niclosamid rearing resulted in a decrease in hatchability of eggs. Niclosamide at 0.1 % of concentration increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (4-fold), glutathion-S-transferase (GST) activity (2-fold). Relative to control (133.24 ± 23.6 nmol/mg protein), niclosamide at tested concentrations significantly increased protein carbonyl (PCO) content at least 5-fold (701.24- 808.02 nmol/mg protein). This work indicates that G. mellonella larvae may be used as a good model to ascertain importance of clincally important antihelmintic drug active ingredients in chemical management of pest insects. The results of this work also indicate that the negative effects of niclosamide on insect biology are due to its pro-oxidant properties and also to the ability of niclosamide in crippling the insect’s antioxidan defence response

Keywords

• Galleria mellonella, niclosamide, survivorship, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl

The effect of niclosamide on some biological and physiological aspects of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Öz

Salisilanilidler bağırsak şeridi gibi parazitlerin mitokondrisinde oksidatif fosforilasyonu inhibe ederek etkisini gösterirler ve bu antiparazitik ilaçlar tıpta ve veterinerlikte kullanılmaktadır. Niklozamidin potansiyel antihelmintik aktivitesi memelilerde iyi bir şekilde ortaya konulmuş, bu çalışmada da Galleria mellonella larvaları kullanılarak niklozamidin in vivo insektisit etkisi araştırılmıştır. Niklozamid, 7. dönem larva, pupa ve ergin evrelerinin yaşama oranını önemli derecede düşürürken, en yüksek konsantrasyonu (% 1,0) ergin gelişme süresini önemli derecede uzatmıştır. Dişilerin yumurta verimi kontrol besininde 78,6 ± 6,1 yumurta sayısı/gün/dişi olarak tespit edilmiştir. % 0,1’lik niklozamid ile beslenildiğinde ise bu değer 114,7 ± 10,9 yumurta sayısı/gün/dişi’ a yükselmiştir; bunun yanısıra en yüksek konsantrasyonda (% 1,0) hiç yumurta elde edilememiştir. Niklozamidin en yüksek konsantrasyonunda (% 1,0) erkek ergin ömür uzunluğu artmıştır. Ayrıca, niklozamid yumurta açılımını da denenen tüm konsantrasyonlarda önemli oranda düşürmüştür. % 0,1’lik niklozamid konsantrasyonunda malondialdehit (MDA) miktarı 4 kat, glutatyonS-transferaz enzimi (GST) aktivitesi ise 2 kat artmıştır. Kontrol besinine göre (133,24 ± 23,6 nmol/mg protein) niklozamidin denenen konsantrasyonları protein karbonil (PCO) miktarını en az 5 kat (701,24 - 808,02 nmol/mg protein) önemli derecede arttırmıştır. Bu çalışmada Galleria mellonella model böcek olarak kullanılarak, böceklerle mücadelede belirli klinik öneme sahip antihelmintik ilaçların aktif şekilde kullanılabilirliği belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmanın sonuçları niklozamidin prooksidan etkisine bağlı olarak biyolojik ve aynı zamanda böceğin antioksidan savunma cevabı üzerine negatif etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Galleria mellonella, niklozamid, yaşama oranı, malondialdehid, protein karbonil

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