Evaluation of Turkish wild Emmers (Triticum dicoccoides Koern.) and wheat varieties cultivars for resistance to the root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei and Pratylenchus neglectus)

Abstract

Root-lesion nematodes (RLN; Pratylenchus thornei and Pratylenchus neglectus) are serious plant parasitic nematodes that attack wheat roots and cause significant losses in grain quality and quantity worldwide. They are widely distributed in Turkish wheat growing areas and can be only controlled by growing resistant cultivars and non-host crops. There is no commercial available a wheat cultivar identified as completely resistant to RLN, so that, the breeding programs contain moderately resistant parents to incorporate this trait in high yielding adapted wheat germplasm. The objective of this research was to evaluate some Turkish wild Emmers (Triticum dicoccoides) and national spring wheat varieties for resistant to P. thornei and P. neglectus. In the experiments, 32 wild Emmers and 42 wheat cultivars were inoculated with P. thornei or P. neglectus individuals and grown under controlled conditions in a growth room for 9 weeks. The results showed that 25 and 35 wheat varieties were moderately resistant to P. thornei and P. neglectus, respectively. In total, 17 lines exhibiting multiple resistance reactions to both nematodes were in the same group with the check lines (P<0.05). The identified resistant wheat accessions showed improved levels of RLN resistance over current parents and could serve as an excellent genetic pool to be used in an efficient Turkish wheat-breeding programme.

Keywords

• Wheat, wild emmer, root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp., resistance

Türkiye’de bulunan yabani Emmer buğdayları (Triticum dicoccoides Koern.) ve buğday çeşitlerinin Kök lezyon nematodları (Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus)’na karşı dayanıklılıklarının belirlenmesi

Öz

Kök lezyon nematodları (RLN; Pratylenchus thornei ve P. neglectus) buğday köklerine saldırarak, tahıl kalitesi ve miktarında küresel olarak önemli kayıplara neden olan önemli bir bitki paraziti nematod gurubudur. Türkiye’de buğday ekiliş alanlarında yaygın olarak bulunan bu nematodlarla ancak dayanıklı çeşitler ve rotasyonla mücadele etmek mümkündür. Maalesef bugüne kadar bu nematod gurubuna karşı tamamen dayanıklı olarak tanımlanan hiçbir ticari buğday çeşidi bulunamamıştır. Bu nedenle, buğday ıslah programlarında yüksek verimli ve kaliteli buğday çeşitlerine orta derecede (kısmi) dayanıklı ebeveynler kullanılarak dayanıklılık entegre edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı bazı Türk yabani Emmer’lerinin (Triticum dicoccoides) ve bazı ulusal yazlık buğday çeşitlerinin P. thornei ve P. neglectus’a karşı dayanıklılık durumlarını ortaya koymaktır.  Bu amaçla her iki nematoda karşı yapılan iki farklı denemede, 32 yabani Emmer buğdayı ve 42 buğday çeşidinin, P. thornei veya P. neglectus bireylerine karşı dayanıklıkları 9 hafta boyunca kontrollü koşullar altında testlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, P. thornei ve P. neglectus’a karşı sırasıyla 25 ve 35 buğday çeşidinin orta derecede dayanıklılık reaksiyonu sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Toplamda 17 çeşit her iki nematoda karşı dayanıklılık göstermiştir (p <0.05). Elde edilen verilere göre, tespit edilen dayanıklı buğday çeşitlerinin mevcut hatlardan daha dayanıklı olduğu belirlenmiş ve bu hatların Türkiye’deki ıslah programlarında mükemmel bir şekilde kullanılabileceği ortaya konmuştur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Buğday, yabani emmer, kök yara nematodları, Pratylenchus spp., dayanıklılık

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