İşgalci sivrisinek türleri Aedes aegypti (L., 1762) ve Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) (Diptera: Culicidae)’un Türkiye’deki durumları

Öz

Aedes aegypti (L., 1762) ve Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) (Diptera: Culicidae) birçok arbovirüsü taşıyan çok önemli vektörlerdir. Türkiye’de Ae. albopictus yumurtaları ilk defa 2011 yılında Türkiye’nin kuzeybatısında bulunan Trakya’da tespit edilmiştir. 2015 yılında ise yapılan çalışmalarla, Ae. albopictus’un yayılımını genişlettiği ortaya çıkarılmış ve Ae. aegypti türü de Türkiye’nin kuzeydoğusunda ilk defa tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma Ae. albopictus ve Ae. aegypti’nin Türkiye’de 5 yıl boyunca yayılım ve dağılımlarına dair bulgular veren ilk çalışmadır. 2019 yılı itibarıyla Ae. albopictus ve Ae. aegypti’nin varlığını tespit etmek için 5 coğrafi bölgede (Karadeniz, İç Anadolu, Marmara, Akdeniz ve Ege Bölgeleri) çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Çalışmada lastikler, yapay konteynerler, mezarlıklar, su şişeleri ve doğal üreme habitatları gibi tüm potansiyel larva üreme alanları kontrol edilmiştir. Ayrıca bazı alanlarda ovitrap ve ergin tuzakları da kullanılarak örneklemeler yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, Ae. albopictus’un her yıl yayılımını arttırdığını ve gelecek yıllarda tüm Türkiye’de yayılma potansiyeli taşıdığını göstermiştir. Aedes aegypti’nin yayılımı ise şimdilik sadece kuzeydoğu ile sınırlı kalmıştır. Gelecekte yapılabilecek daha efektif sürveyans ve kontrol çalışmaları da tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aedes aegypti
• Aedes albopictus
• üreme alanları
• sivrisinek ekolojisi
• vektör kontrolü

Status of the invasive mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L., 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Turkey

Abstract

Aedes aegypti (L., 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) (Diptera: Culicidae) are important vectors of arboviruses. In Turkey, Ae. albopictus eggs were detected in the Thrace area of northwestern Turkey for the first time in 2011. In 2015, studies revealed the spread of Ae. albopictus and the first detection of Ae. aegypti within northeastern Turkey was reported. This paper reports the results of a survey of the presence and distribution of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti in Turkey conducted over 5 years. As of 2019, monitoring studies were conducted on the presence of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti in five geographical regions (Black Sea, Central Anatolia, Marmara, Mediterranean and Aegean Regions). A comprehensive range of potential larval habitats, such as tires, artificial containers, cemeteries, water bottles and natural breeding habitats, were assessed. In addition, standard ovitraps and adults’ traps were used in some localities. This study showed that Ae. albopictus, in particular, expanded its distribution each year and has the potential to extend its range throughout Turkey over the next few years. In Turkey, the distribution of Ae. aegypti is currently limited to northeastern Turkey. Future work focused on determining more effective surveillance and control studies is discussed.

Keywords

• Aedes aegypti
• Aedes albopictus
• breeding habitats
• mosquito ecology
• vector control

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