Türkiye'de Blattella germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) ve Periplaneta americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) popülasyonlarında sentetik piretroidlere karşı direncin araştırılması

Öz

Hamam böcekleri birçok ev ve yapılarda bulunan yaygın zararlılardır. Bakteriler, virüsler ve mantarlar gibi pek çok hastalık etkeninin vektörü olarak bilinirler. Kalıcı ve biyolojik olarak parçalanmayan insektisitlerin tekrar tekrar kullanılması, hamam böceği popülasyonlarının çoğunda dirence neden olmuştur. Bu araştırmada, 2014-2018 yılları arasında Türkiye’de beş Blattella germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) ve beş Periplaneta americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) hamam böceği popülasyonunun bazı sentetik piretroid insektisitlere (deltamethrin, permethrin, alpha-cypermethrin ve lambda-cyhalothrin) karşı direnç seviyeleri belirlenmiştir. Direnç testleri Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından önerilen standart cam kavanoz yüzey satıh yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Hamam böceklerinin ikinci ve üçüncü dönem nimfleri bir saat test kimyasallarına maruz bırakılarak LD50 değerleri, direnç katsayıları ve direnç durumları belirlendi. Periplaneta americana popülasyonların tamamı test edilen kimyasallara duyarlıydı ve direnç katsayıları 1 ve 2 kat arasındadır. Blattella germanica popülasyonlarında, test edilen kimyasalların toksik etkisi çok düşüktü ve orta (7,7-9,0 kat) ve yüksek direnç (≥18,5 kat) bulunmuştur. Bu araştırma hamam böceklerinin direnç durumu hakkında Türkiye’de yapılan en kapsamlı çalışmadır. Kimyasallara karşı direnci önlemek için entegre zararlı mücadele yaklaşımına öncelik verilmeli ve kimyasal kontrol en düşük seviyede tutulmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Amerikan hamam böceği
• Alman hamam böceği
• insektisitler
• nimf
• duyarlılık

Investigation of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in Blattella germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) and Periplaneta americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) populations in Turkey

Abstract

Cockroaches are widespread pests found in many houses and other buildings. They are known as a vector of many agents of disease like bacteria, viruses and fungi. The repeated usage of persistent and non-biodegradable insecticides has caused resistance in most of the cockroach populations. In this research, the resistance levels of five Blattella germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) and five Periplaneta americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) cockroach populations against some synthetic pyrethroid insecticides (deltamethrin, permethrin, alpha-cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin) were determined between 2014 and 2018 in Turkey. The resistance tests were performed by the standard glass jar surface method as recommended by World Health Organization. By exposing the test chemicals of the second and third instar nymphs of the cockroaches for 1 h, the median lethal dose 50% (LD50) values, resistance ratios (RR) and resistance status were specified. The P. americana populations were all susceptible to tested chemicals with resistance ratios between 1 and 2-fold. In B. germanica populations, the toxic effects of tested chemicals were found very low and resistance status was found moderate (RR 7.7-9.0-fold) or high (RR ≥18.5-fold). This research is the most comprehensive study of the resistance status of the cockroaches in Turkey. In order to prevent the resistance to chemicals, the integrated pest management approach should be prioritized and chemical control should be kept at the lowest level.

Keywords

• American cockroach
• German cockroach
• insecticides
• nymph
• susceptibility

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