Efficiency of some plant extracts against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under laboratory conditions

Abstract

Tomato leaf miner [Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)], originating from South America, is one of the most serious pest of tomato around the world. Tomato leaf miner feeds on all upper parts of the plant grown in both greenhouse and open field and damages up to 100% if it is not controlled. This pest is effected large areas around the world and it is a loss recorded in Turkey where it caused a major epidemic in 2009 resulting in a drastic increase in tomato prices in the Turkish market. Although many precautions and control methods are suggested against the Tomato leaf miner in integrated pest management programs, it is mainly controlled with conventional insecticide treatment. However, this species is developed resistance against many active compounds in South American where the pest is a problem for a long time. In this study, effects of plant extracts were tested on this destructive pest in laboratory and greenhouses conditions. Results showed that Anonin, Azadirachtin, and their mixtures were very effective in controlling the pest and it could be used against this pest within integrated pest management program in greenhouses and fields.

Keywords

• Tomato leaf miner
• Tuta absoluta
• Anonin
• Azadirachtin
• Karanjin

Bazı bitkisel kökenli insektisitlerin laboratuvar koşullarında Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvalarına etkileri

Öz

Güney Amerika kökenli Domates güvesi [Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)] domatesin dünyadaki en önemli zararlılarından biridir. Kapalı veya açık domates yetiştirilen alanlarda bitkinin toprak üstünde kalan tüm kısımlarında beslenen Domates güvesi, mücadelesi yapılmadığında %100'lere varan oranlarda zarara neden olabilmektedir. Dünyada geniş alanları etkileyen bu zararlı, sonunda Türkiye’deki domates tarlalarında da yayılış göstermiş ve 2009 yılında, Türkiye pazarında domates fiyatlarının hızlı bir tırmanışa geçmesine neden olan önemli bir epidemi yapmıştır. Entegre zararlı yönetimi programları çerçevesinde zararlıya karşı birçok önlem ve mücadele yöntemi önerilse ve bunlar kısmen uygulansa da çiftçiler büyük ölçüde insektisit kullanmayı tercih etmektedirler. Ancak diğer yandan, zararlının uzun süredir sorun olduğu Güney Amerika ülkelerinde bu türün pek çok kimyasala karşı direnç geliştirdiği de bilinmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu araştırmanın temel amacı Domates güvesi ile mücadelede, dayanıklılık riski düşük ve insan ile çevre sağlığına zarar vermeyen çevre dostu bitkisel kökenli insektisitlerin kullanım olanaklarını belirlemektir. 2010 yılı Eylül-Aralık ayları arasında Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü iklim odaları ve laboratuarlarında gerçekleştirilen denemelerde, Anonin, Karanjin ve Azadirachtin içeren bitki ekstrakları ile bunların karışımları, zararlının ikinci ve dördüncü dönem larvalarına yaprak daldırma metodu ile uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak Anonin, azadirachtin ve bunların karışımını içeren ekstraktların halen kullanılmakta olan ilaçlara iyi bir alternatif olacağı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Domates güvesi
• Tuta absoluta
• Anonin
• Azadirachtin
• Karanjin

References

1. Anonymous, 2005. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization EPPO Data sheets on quarantine pests 2005. OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 35: 434–435.
2. Anonymous. 2010a. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (Web sayfası: http://www.tuik.gov.tr). (Erişim tarihi: 12.12.2010).
3. Anonymous. 2010b. Tarımsal Üretim Verileri. (Web sayfası: http://apps.fao.org). (Erişim tarihi: 12.12.2010).
4. Anonymous, 2010c. Domates güvesi bilgi notu - 14.10.2010. (Web sayfası: www.tarim.gov.tr). (Erişim tarihi: 12.12.2010).
5. Anonymous, 2010d. Domates güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) standart ilaç deneme metodu. Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı, Bitki Zararlıları Standart İlaç Deneme Metodları, 16-18.
6. Ascher, K. R. S., 1993. Nonconvensional insecticidal effects on pesticides available from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 22: 433-449.
7. Bajpai, N. K. & V. K. Sehgal, 1994. Effect of neem products, nicotine and karanj on survival and biology of pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hubn. of chickpea. Proc. II AZRA Conference on Recent Trends in Plant, Animal and Human Pest Management: Impact on Environment. 48 pp.
8. Bhagawan, C. N., K. D. Reddy & K. Sukumar, 1992. Annona-induced growth anomalies and protein depletion in red cotton bug Dysdercus koenigii. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 30: 908-912.

9. Bhatnagar, A. & V. K. Sharma, 1997. Effects of neem leaf and custard apple seed extracts on maize stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Plant Protection Bulletin (Faridabad), 49: 33-40.
10. Bhuiyan, M. K. R., E. Hassan & M. B. Isman, 2001. Growth inhibitory and lethal effects of some botanical insecticides and potential synergy by dillapiol in Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 108: 82-88.
11. Brady, N. C., G. S. Khush & E. A. Heinrichs, 1978. Visit of the IRRI team to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam April 13-May 19. IRRI Annual Report: 49.
12. Civelek, H. S. & P. G. Weintraub, 2004. Effects of two plant extraction larval leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in tomatoes. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97 (5): 1581–1586.
13. Durmuşoğlu, E., Y. Karsavuran, İ. Özgen & A. Güncan, 2003. Effects of two different neem products on different stages of Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Anzeiger fur Schandlingskunde, 76 (6): 151–154.
14. Epino, P. B. & F. Chang, 1993. Insecticidal activity of Annona squamosa L. seed extracts against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Philippine Entomologist, 9: 228-238.
15. Erler, F. & H. Cetin, 2007. Mortality of brown-tail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.), larvae in response to neem-based products. Journal of Entomological Science, 42 (4): 593-595.
16. Erler, F., E. Polat, H. Demir, H. Cetin & T. Erdemir, 2009. Control of the mushroom phorid fly, Megaselia halterata (Wood), with plant extracts. Pest Management Science, 65 (2): 144-149.
17. Erler, F., M. Can, M. Erdogan, A. O. Ates & T. Pradier, 2010. New record of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on greenhouse-grown tomato in Southwestern Turkey (Antalya). Journal of Entomological Science, 45 (4): 392-393.
18. Galarza, J., 1984. Laboratory assessment of some solanaceous plants as possible food plants of the tomato moth Scrobipalpula absoluta. INDIA Nos 421/424, 30–32.
19. García, M. F. & J. C. Espul, 1982. Bioecology of the tomato moth (Scrobipalpula absoluta) in Mendoza, Argentine Republic. Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, 17: 135–146.
20. Ghatak, S. S. & T. K. Bhusan, 1995. Evaluation on the ovicidal activity of some indigenous plant extracts on Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua (Wk.) (Arctiidae: Lepidoptera). Environment and Ecology, 13: 294-296.
21. Hemlata, M. K., S. M. Prashant, V. G. S. S. Sangeeta, R. J. Shipra, M. U. Shripad & V. L. Meheshwari, 2001. Antimicrobial and pesticidal activity of partially purified flavonoids of Annona squamosa. Pest Management Science, 58: 33-37.
22. Hiremath, I. G., A. Young-Joon & S. Kim, 1997. Insecticidal activity of Indian plant extracts against Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 32: 159-166.
23. Huang, Y., J. M. W. L. Tan, R. M. Kini & S. H. Ho, 1998. Toxic and antifeedant action of nutmeg oil against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. Journal of Stored Products Research, 33: 289-298.
24. Kawazu, K., P. J. Alcantara & A. Kobayashi, 1989. Isolation and structure of Neoannonin, a novel insecticidal compound from the seeds of Annona squamosa. Agricultural Biological Chemistry, 53: 2719-2722.
25. Khalequzzaman, M. & S. Sultana, 2006. Insecticidal activity of Annona squamosa L. seed extracts against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Journal of Biosciences, 14: 107-112, 2006.
26. Kılıç, T., 2010. First record of Tuta absoluta in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 38: 243–244.
27. Kısmalı, S. & N. Madanlar, 1988. Azadirachta indica’nın böceklere etkileri üzerinde bir inceleme. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 12 (4): 239–249.
28. Kodandaram, M. H, N. S. Azad Thakur & A. N. Shylesha, 2008. Toxicity and morphogenetic effects of different botanicals on red cotton bug Dysdercus koenigii Fab. (Hemiptera : Pyrrhocoridae) in North Eastern Hill (NEH) region of India. Journal of Biopesticides, 1 (2): 187-189.
29. Leatemia, J. A. & M. B. Isman, 2004. Insecticidal Activity of Crude Seed Extracts of Annona spp., Lansium domesticum and Sandoricum koetjape against lepidopteran larvae. Phytoparasitica, 32 (1): 30-37.
30. Mathew, M. J., M. N. Venugopal & K. A. Saju, 1999. Effect of plant extracts on cardamom aphid on small cardamom. Indian Journal of Virology 15: 111-114.
31. Nonfona, M., F. Lieba, H. Moeschlera & D. Wendischa, 1990. Four annonins from Annona squamosa. Phytochemistry, 29 (6): 1951-1954.
32. Notz, A. P., 1992. Distribution of eggs and larvae of Scrobipalpula absoluta in potato plants. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía (Maracay), 18: 425–432.
33. Pavela, R., 2009. Effectiveness of some botanical insecticides against Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Noctudiae), Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Plant Protection Science, 45 (4): 161–167.
34. Qudri, S. S. H. & B. B. Rao, 1977. Effect of combining some indigenous plant seed extracts against household insects. Pesticides 11: 21-23.
35. Raman, G. V., M. S. Rao & G. Srimannarayana, 2000. Efficacy of botanical formulations from Annona squamosa Linn. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss against semi-looper, Achaea janata Linn. infesting castor in the field. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 24: 235-238.
36. Rao, N. S., K. Sharma & R. K. Sharma, 2005. Anti-feedant and growth inhibitory effects of seed extracts of custard apple, Annona squamosa against Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 1 (1): 43-54.
37. Rao, S. M., K. C. Chitra, D. Gunesekhar & P. K. Rao, 1990. Antifeedant properties of certain plant extracts against second stage larva of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata Fabricus. Indian Journal of Entomology, 52: 681-685.
38. Saito, M. L., F. Oliveira, D. Fell, A. P. Takematsu, T. Jocys & L. J. Oliveira, 1989. Verificacao da atividade inseticida de alguns vegetais brasileiros. Arquivos do Instituto Biologico (Sao Paulo), 56: 53-59.
39. Santosh Babu, P. B., J. M. Rao, J. Beena & Sumathykutty, 1996. Evaluation of some plant extracts as feeding deterrents against adult Longitarsus nigripennis Mots (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Entomon, 21: 291-294.
40. Saxena, R. C., V. Harshan, A. Saxena, P. Sukumaran, M. C. Sharma & M. L. Kumar, 1993. Larvicidal and chemosterilant activity of Annona squamosa alkaloids against Anopheles stephensi. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 9: 84-87.
41. Schmutterer, H., 1990. Properties and potential of natural pesticides from neem tree, Azadirachta indica. Annual Review of Entomology, 35: 271-297.
42. Shelke, S. S., L. D. Jakhav & G. N. Salunkhe, 1987. Ovicidal action of some vegetable oils and extracts against storage pests of potato, Phthorimaea operculella Zell. Biovigyanam, 13 (1): 40-41.
43. Siqueira, H. Q. A., R. N. C. Guedes & M. C. Picanco, 2000. Insecticide resistance in populations of Tuta absoluta. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 2: 147-153.
44. Sonkamble, M. M., B. K. Dhanorkar, A. T. Munde & A. M. Sonkamble, 2000. Efficacy of indigenous plant extracts against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Soils and Crops, 10: 236-239.
45. Spollen, K. M. & M. B. Isman, 1996. Acute and sublethal effects of a neem insecticide on the commercial biocontrol agents Phytoseiulus persimilis and Amblyseius cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae), and Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 89: 1379-1386.
46. Topakçı, N. & H. Göçmen, 2008. Pamuk kırmızı örümceği Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisd.) (Acari: Tetranychidae)’a karşı Azadirachtin’in etkinliği üzerine bir araştırma. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 48 (4): 9-18.
47. Tuncer, C. & M. T. Aliniazee, 1998. Acute and chronic effects of neem on Myzocalis coryli (Hom: Aphididae). International Journal of Pest Management, 44 (2): 52–58.
48. Walter, J. F., 1999. “Commercial Experience with Neem Products. 155–170”. In: Method in Biotechnology 5: Biopesticides (Eds: Hall, F.R. & J.J. Menn) Human Press, Totowa, New Jersey, 640 pp.