Akdeniz meyve sineği Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae)’yı kontrol etmek için yerel entomopatojen nematodların uygulanması

Öz

Akdeniz meyve sineği, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae), dünyanın en tahripkar meyve zararlılarından biridir. Ceratitis capitata toprakta pupa olur ve bu durum onu entomopatojen nematodlar (EPN) gibi toprak kökenli birçok patojenin hedefi haline getirir. Entomopatojen nematodlar birçok önemli zararlı için oldukça öldürücü, hedef dışı organizmalar içinse güvenlidir ve C. capitata’yı kontrol etmek için iyi bir alternatif olabilirler. Bu çalışmada, dört yerel EPN türü; Steinernema affine Bovien, 1937, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, 1955, Steinernema feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) ve Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae)’nın C. capitata’nın üçüncü dönem larvalarına ve pupalarına karşı etkinlikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma 2019-2020 yıllarında hem laboratuvarda (plastik kaplarda) hem de iklim odasında (plastik saksılarda ahşap kafeslerde) sırası ile 100 ve 200 IJs/larva-pupa ile 7.650 ve 15.300 IJs/saksı dozunda yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada EPN’lere karşı C. capitata’nın larvalarının pupalarından daha duyarlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Zararlı larva ve pupalara karşı en yüksek etkinliği S. feltiae 113 ve H. bacteriophora 12 izolatları gösterirken, S. affine 47 izolatı en düşük etkinliği göstermiştir. Entomopatojen nematodlar tarafından C. capitata popülasyonunun baskılanması, bu EPN’lerin zararlının kontrolü için potansiyel olarak faydalı biyolojik mücadele etmenleri olarak kabul edilebileceğini göstermektedir. İleride yapılacak arazi çalışmaları ile desteklendikten sonra bu iki yerel EPN izolatı, C. capitata’ya karşı ümit var çevre dostu biyolojik etmenler olarak kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik kontrol
• Ceratitis capitata
• etkinlik
• entomopatojen nematodlar
• yerel izolatlar

Implementing local entomopathogenic nematodes to control Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract

The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the world’s most destructive fruit pests. Ceratitis capitata pupates in the soil, making it a target of many soilborne pathogens like entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). Entomopathogenic nematodes are highly lethal to many important pests, safe to non-target organisms and they might be good alternatives for control of C. capitata. In this study, the efficacy of four local EPN species; Steinernema affine Bovien, 1937, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, 1955, Steinernema feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) against the third instar larvae and pupae of C. capitata were evaluated. The study was conducted in 2019-2020 both in the laboratory (in plastic cups) and in a climate room (in wooden cages with plastic pots) at doses of 100 and 200 IJs/larva-pupa and 7,650 and 15,300 IJs/pot, respectively. Larvae of C. capitata were found more susceptible to EPNs than pupae in the study. Steinernema feltiae isolate 113 and H. bacteriophora isolate 12 showed the highest efficacy while S. affine isolate 47 showed the least efficacy against the pest larvae and pupae. Suppression of C. capitata population by EPNs indicates that these EPNs can be considered as a biological control agent potentially useful for the control of this pest. After further support by field studies, these two local EPN isolates could be used as promising eco-friendly biological agents against C. capitata.

Keywords

• Biological control
• Ceratitis capitata
• efficacy
• entomopathogenic nematodes
• local isolates

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