Chemical components and insecticidal effects of essential oils from three lavender cultivars against adult Sitophilus granarius (L., 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the insecticidal and behavioral effect of essential oils (EOs) extracted from three lavender cultivars, Hemus, Raya and Yubileina, against adult stage of Sitophilus granarius (L., 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under laboratory conditions. The contact, fumigant and repellent effects of plant EOs were investigated and possible germination inhibitory effects of the EOs on wheat germination were evaluated. EOs were extracted from the plant samples using a Neo-Clevenger type apparatus where the plant material is subjected to hydro distillation. The chemical constituents of EOs were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions in 2019 and 2020. As a result of the study, it was determined that the fumigant activity changed according to the cultivars. While the LC90 value in the fumigant activity of the EOs of the Hemus was determined as 0.157 µl/ml air, this value was recorded as 0.139 µl/ml air and 0.118 µl/ml air in Raya and Yubileina, respectively. Six h after treatment, the highest repellent activity was 86% at 0.05 µl/cm2 with Yubileina. Main EOs components of each cultivar were: Yubileina, linalool (36.0%), linalyl acetate (24.2%) and lavandulyl acetate (5.86%); Hemus, linalool (28.5%), linalyl acetate (23.1%) and lavandulyl acetate (6.59%); and Raya, linalool (42.5%), linalyl acetate (30.0%) and ɑ-terpineol (5.45%). There was no negative effect on the germination of wheat with any of essential oils. These results show that lavender EOs could be useful for the control of S. granarius.

Keywords

• Biplot analyses
• fumigant activity
• GC-MS
• granary weevil
• Lavandula angustifolia
• repellent activity

Farklı lavanta çeşitlerinin kimyasal bileşenleri ve Sitophilus granarius (L., 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) erginlerine karşı insektisidal etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma, ticari amaçlı üretimi yapılan üç farklı lavanta çeşidi Hemus, Raya ve Yubileina'dan izole edilen uçucu yağların Sitophilus granarius (L., 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)’un ergin dönemlerine karşı insektisidal ve davranışsal etkisini laboratuvar koşullarında belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bitki uçucu yağlarının kontakt, fumigant ve repellent etkileri araştırılmış ve bu yağların buğdayın çimlenme gücü üzerine olası etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Uçucu yağlar, bitki materyallerinden Neo-Clevenger tipi aparat kullanılarak hidrodistilasyon yöntemine göre elde edilmiştir. Uçucu yağların kimyasal bileşenleri gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometrisi ile tespit edilmiştir. Denemeler 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda bitki çeşitlerine göre fumigant aktivitesinin değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Hemus uçucu yağının fumigant aktivitesindeki LC90 değeri 0.157 µl/ml hava olarak belirlenirken, bu değer Raya ve Yubileina'da sırasıyla 0.139 µl/ml hava ve 0.118 µl/ml hava olarak belirlenmiştir. Uygulamadan altı saat sonra en yüksek repellent etki, Yubileina'nın 0.05 µl/cm2 uygulama dozunda %86 repellent etki ile gözlenmiştir. Yubileina'nın ana uçucu yağ bileşenleri, linalool (%36.0), linalil asetat (%24.2) ve lavandulil asetat (%5.86) olarak belirlenirken Hemus'un temel bileşenleri linalool (%28.5), linalil asetat (%23.1) ve lavandulil asetat (%6.59), Raya'nın ana bileşenleri ise linalool (%42.5), linalil asetat (%30.0) ve α-terpineol (%5.45) olarak belirlenmiştir. Her üç uçucu yağ için de buğdayın çimlenme gücü üzerinde olumsuz bir etki belirlenmemiştir. Bu sonuçlar, lavanta uçucu yağlarının S. granarius'un mücadelesinde önemli bir potansiyele sahip olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biplot analizi
• fumigant aktivite
• GC-MS
• buğday biti
• Lavandula angustifolia
• repellent aktivite

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