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Adana'da Turunçgil yaprak galerigüvesi, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)'nın doğal ölüm faktörlerinin belirlenmesi

Year 2013, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 21 - 30, 01.02.2013

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Turunçgil Yaprak Galerigüvesi, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)’nın arazi koşullarında doğal ölüm faktörleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma Adana’da bir limon bahçesinde 2007-2008 yıllarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bahçede 10 ağaç belirlenmiş, Mayıs-Kasım aylarında haftalık olarak her ağaçtan birer tane olmak üzere tesadüfi toplam 10 sürgün toplanmıştır. Laboratuvarda, sürgünler üzerindeki ilk 15 yaprak binoküler altında kontrol edilmiştir. Zararlının ve parazitoitlerin tüm biyolojik dönemleri, ölü veya zarar görmüş bireyler ile boş galerilerin sayımı yapılmıştır. Predatörlerin beslenme şekillerine ve beslenme simptomlarına göre zararlının ölüm nedenleri kaydedilmiştir. Buna göre 2007 ve 2008 yıllarında sırasıyla, larvaların büyük bir bölümü (% 46.25 ve % 48.12) parazitlenmiş olup her iki yılda da larva parazitoiti Citrostichus phyllocnistoides Narayanan (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) en yoğun tür olarak gözlenmiştir. Parazitlenme oranı en yüksek üçüncü dönemdeki larvalarda olmuştur. İlk yıl zararlının %15.33’ü örümcekler, % 10.07’si Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) ve % 3.14’ü de karıncalar tarafından tüketilirken bu oranlar ikinci yıl sırasıyla % 16.61, % 8.57 ve % 3.78 olmuştur. Avlanmada ikinci dönem larvalar diğer dönemlerden daha çok tercih edilmiştir. 2007’de galerilerin % 13.66’sında zararlı saptanmazken, larva ve pupaların % 5.19’unun ölüm nedeni belirlenememiştir. 2008’de bu oranlar sırasıyla % 10.21 ve % 6.87 olmuştur. Zararlının biyolojik mücadelesinde predatörlerinde parazitoitler kadar etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Argov, Y. & Y. Rossler, 1998. Rearing methods for the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton and its parasitoids in Israel. Biological Control, 11: 18-21.
  • Amalin, D.M., J.E. Peña & R. McSorley, 1996. Abundance of spiders in lime groves and their potential role in suppressing the citrus leafminer population, 72. In: Managing the Citrus Leafminer (Ed.M. Hoy), Proceeding of an International Conference, April 23-25. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, pp 119.
  • Amalin, D.M., J.E. Peña, R.E. Duncan, H.W. Browning & R. Mcsorley, 2002. Natural mortality factors acting on citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella, in lime orchards in South Florida. Biocontrol, 47 (3): 327-347.
  • Ateyyat, M. & T. Mustafa, 2000. Mortality factors of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on lemon in Central Jordan Valley. Phytophaga, 10: 35-42.
  • Browning, H. & J.E Peña, 1995. Biological control of the citrus leafminer by its nativeparasitoids and predators. Citrus Industry, 76: 46-48.
  • Chen, M.S. & X.N. Lou, 1990. The population dynamics and control effectiveness of dominant parasitoids of lepidopterous pest (including Phyllocnistis citrella, Epimactis and Calliterara horsfiedi) in citrus orchards. Natural Enemies of Insects 12, 78-81 (in Chinese), Review of Agricultural Entomology, 81: 3928, 1993.
  • Chen, M.S., Y.H. Chen & M.D. Huang, 1992. Biology of the green lacewing, Chrysopa boninensis and its predation efficiency on the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella. Rewiew of Applied Entomology, 80(6): 3948.
  • Diez, P., J. Peña & P. Fidalgo, 2006. Population dynamics of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) and its parasitoids in Tafi Viejo, Tocuman, Argentina. Florida Entomologist, 89(3): 328-335.
  • Ding, Y., M. Li & M.D. Huang, 1989. Studies on Biology of Two Species of Parasitoids, Tetrastichus phyllocnistoidesand Cirrospilusquadristriatus and Their Parasitization on the Citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, 106-113. In: Studies On the Integrated Management of Citrus Insect Pests (Ed. M. Huang). Academic Press, New York, 185 pp.
  • Elekçioğlu, N.Z., 2001. Turunçgil Yaprak Galerigüvesi, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae)’nın Bazı Biyolojik ve Ekolojik Özellikleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Ç. Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Adana, 109 s.
  • Elekçioğlu, N.Z. & N. Uygun, 2006. Parasitoid complex of the Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) in east Mediterranean region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 30: 155-160. Garcia-Marí, F., 1996. Reunion de los paises citricolas mediterraneos sobre el minador. Agadir (Marruecos), Febrero de 19 Levante Agricola, 1: 6-9.
  • Garcia-Marí, F., R. Vercher, J. Costa-Comelles, C. Marzal & M. Villalba, 2004. Establishment of Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as a biological control agent for the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistiscitrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Spain. Biological Control, 29: 215-226.
  • Hoy, M.A. & R. Nguyen, 1997. Classical biological control of the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): theory, practice, art and science. Tropical Lepidoptera, 8: 1-19.
  • Hoy, M.A., R. Singh & M.E. Rogers, 2007. Citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), and natural enemy dynamics in central Florida during 2005. Florida Entomologist, 90: 358-369.
  • Huang, M.L., Y.S. Lu, Z.S.Qiu, Q.M. Zhou, Y.J. Men & S.G. Lin, 1989. Life history of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, and its occurrence. Acta Phytophylactica Sinica, 16: 159-162.
  • Knapp, J.L., L.G. Albrigo, H.W. Browning, R.C. Bullock, J.B. Heppner, D.G. Hall, M.A.Hoy, R. Nguyen, J.E. Peña, & P.A. Stansly, 1995. Citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton: Current status in Florida - 1994. Fla. Coop. Ext. Ser. IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, p. 26.
  • Legaspi, J.C., J.V. French, M.E. Schauff & J.B. Woolley, 1999. The citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in South Texas: incidence and parasitism. Florida Entomologist, 82: 305-516.
  • Legaspi, C.L., J.V French, A.G. Zuñiga & Jr. B.C. Legaspi, 2001. Population dynamics of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), and its natural enemies in Texas and Mexico. Biological Control, 21: 84-90.
  • Liotta, G., A. Agro & A. Lo Genco, 2003. Activity of indigenous and exotic parasitoids of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) in Western Sicily. Integrated Control in Citrus Fruit Crops. IOBC wprs Bulletin, Bulletin OILB srop, 26(6): 23-26.
  • Peña, J.E., R. Duncan & H. Browning, 1996. Seasonal abundance of the citrus leaf miner and its parasitoids in South Florida citrus. Managing the Citrus Leafminer, Proceedings from an international conference. Entomological Society of America, 25 (3): 698-702.
  • Pomerinke, M.A., 1999. Biological Control of Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) In Southwest Florida. University of Florida, Ph. D. Thesis, Gainesville, Florida, 102 pp.
  • Rosenheim, J.A, L.R. Wilhoit & C.A. Armer, 1993. Infuence of intraguild predation among generalist insect predators on the suppression of an herbivore population. Oecologia, 96: 439-449.
  • SPSS, 2006. SPSS Base 15.0 User’s Guide, Chicago: Prentice Hall.
  • Marquez, A.L., S. Garcia, E. Garcia, J. Olivero & E. Wong, 2003. Native auxiliary complex of citrus leaf-miner, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton in Malaga province (Spain). Effects of competence with the introduced auxiliary species Citrostichusphyllocnistoides Narayanan. Integrated Control in Citrus Fruit Crops. IOBC wprs Bulletin, Bulletin OILB srop, 26 (6): 17-22.
  • Morakote, R. & P. Nanta, 1996. Managing the Citrus leafminer in Thailand, 30-33. In: Managing the Citrus Leafminer (Ed. M. Hoy) Proceedings of the International Conference, 23-25 April 1996, Universityof Florida, Gainesville Orlando, FL, 119 pp.
  • Noyes, J.S., 1998. Catalogue of the Chalcidoidea of the world. CDRoom. ETI, Amsterdam, Holland. 288MB.
  • Uygun, N., İ. Karaca, M. Aytaş, R. Yumruktepe, A. Yiğit, M.R. Ulusoy, U. Kersting, N.Z. Tekeli & R. Canhilal, 1995. Türkiye’de yeni bir turunçgil zararlısı, Turunçgil Yaprak Galerigüvesi, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae). Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 19: 247-252.
  • Uygun, N., D. Şenal, İ. Karaca & N.Z. Elekçioğlu, 2000. Turunçgil Yaprak Galerigüvesi, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae)’nın turunçgil verimine etkileri. Türkiye 4. Entomoloji Kongresi Bildirileri, 12-15 Eylül 2000, Kuşadası/Aydın, 1-12.
  • Van Driesche, R. G., 1983. Meaning of ‘percent parasitism’ in studies of insect parasitoids. Environmental Entomology, 12 (6): 1611-1612.
  • Vercher, R., F. Garcia-Marí, J. Costa Comelles, C. Marzal & M. Villalba, 2003. Biological control of the Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) in Spain: native parasitoids and establishment of Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). IOBC Bulletin, Bulletin OILB srop, 26 (6): 7-15.
  • Wang, L., D.H.B. Bisseleua, M. You, J. Huang & B. Liu, 2006. Population dynamics and functional response of Citrostichusphyllocnistoides (Narayanan) (Hymenoptera.: Eulophidae) on citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Phyllocnistidae) in Fuzhou region of south-east China. Journal of Applied Entomology, 130 (2): 96-102.
  • Wise, D.H., 1993. Spiders In Ecological Webs. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; New York. 328 pp.
  • Xiao, Y.F., J.A. Qureshi & P.A. Stansly, 2007. Contribution of predation and parasitism to mortality of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), populations in Florida. Biological Control, 40: 39640
  • Xiao, Y. & H.Y. Fadamiro, 2010. Exclusion experiments reveal relative contributions of natural enemies to mortality of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Alabama satsuma orchards. Biological Control, 54: 189-196.

Determination of the natural mortality factors of Citrus leafminer [Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)] in Adana Province, Turkey

Year 2013, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 21 - 30, 01.02.2013

Abstract

In this study, natural mortality factors of Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were investigated under field conditions. The studies were carried out in a lemon orchard in Adana, Turkey during 2007-2008. Ten trees were selected and weekly one shoot from each tree, and a total of ten shoots, were collected randomly during May-November. In the laboratory, the first 15 leaves were checked using a binocular microscope. All biological stages of the pest and the parasitoids, dead or infected individuals, and empty mines, were counted. According to the method and symptoms of predation, the mortality factors of the pest were recorded. In 2007 and 2008, large numbers of larvae were parasitized (46.25% and 48.12%, respectively). The larval parasitoid Citrostichus phyllocnistoides Narayanan (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was the abundant species in both years. The third instar of the host had the highest percent of parasitized individuals. In the first year, 15.33% of the pest were consumed by spiders, 10.07% by Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and 3.14% by ants, whereas in the second year these ratios were 16.61%, 8.57% and 3.78%, respectively. Second instar larvae were the most preferred stage for predation. In 2007, in 13.66% of the mines no pests were recorded, whereas the mortality source of 5.19% of the larvae and pupae was not detected. In 2008, these ratios were 10.21% and 6.87%, respectively. It was determined that predators are as effective as the parasitoids in the biological control of the pest.

References

  • Argov, Y. & Y. Rossler, 1998. Rearing methods for the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton and its parasitoids in Israel. Biological Control, 11: 18-21.
  • Amalin, D.M., J.E. Peña & R. McSorley, 1996. Abundance of spiders in lime groves and their potential role in suppressing the citrus leafminer population, 72. In: Managing the Citrus Leafminer (Ed.M. Hoy), Proceeding of an International Conference, April 23-25. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, pp 119.
  • Amalin, D.M., J.E. Peña, R.E. Duncan, H.W. Browning & R. Mcsorley, 2002. Natural mortality factors acting on citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella, in lime orchards in South Florida. Biocontrol, 47 (3): 327-347.
  • Ateyyat, M. & T. Mustafa, 2000. Mortality factors of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on lemon in Central Jordan Valley. Phytophaga, 10: 35-42.
  • Browning, H. & J.E Peña, 1995. Biological control of the citrus leafminer by its nativeparasitoids and predators. Citrus Industry, 76: 46-48.
  • Chen, M.S. & X.N. Lou, 1990. The population dynamics and control effectiveness of dominant parasitoids of lepidopterous pest (including Phyllocnistis citrella, Epimactis and Calliterara horsfiedi) in citrus orchards. Natural Enemies of Insects 12, 78-81 (in Chinese), Review of Agricultural Entomology, 81: 3928, 1993.
  • Chen, M.S., Y.H. Chen & M.D. Huang, 1992. Biology of the green lacewing, Chrysopa boninensis and its predation efficiency on the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella. Rewiew of Applied Entomology, 80(6): 3948.
  • Diez, P., J. Peña & P. Fidalgo, 2006. Population dynamics of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) and its parasitoids in Tafi Viejo, Tocuman, Argentina. Florida Entomologist, 89(3): 328-335.
  • Ding, Y., M. Li & M.D. Huang, 1989. Studies on Biology of Two Species of Parasitoids, Tetrastichus phyllocnistoidesand Cirrospilusquadristriatus and Their Parasitization on the Citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, 106-113. In: Studies On the Integrated Management of Citrus Insect Pests (Ed. M. Huang). Academic Press, New York, 185 pp.
  • Elekçioğlu, N.Z., 2001. Turunçgil Yaprak Galerigüvesi, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae)’nın Bazı Biyolojik ve Ekolojik Özellikleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Ç. Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Adana, 109 s.
  • Elekçioğlu, N.Z. & N. Uygun, 2006. Parasitoid complex of the Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) in east Mediterranean region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 30: 155-160. Garcia-Marí, F., 1996. Reunion de los paises citricolas mediterraneos sobre el minador. Agadir (Marruecos), Febrero de 19 Levante Agricola, 1: 6-9.
  • Garcia-Marí, F., R. Vercher, J. Costa-Comelles, C. Marzal & M. Villalba, 2004. Establishment of Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as a biological control agent for the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistiscitrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Spain. Biological Control, 29: 215-226.
  • Hoy, M.A. & R. Nguyen, 1997. Classical biological control of the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): theory, practice, art and science. Tropical Lepidoptera, 8: 1-19.
  • Hoy, M.A., R. Singh & M.E. Rogers, 2007. Citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), and natural enemy dynamics in central Florida during 2005. Florida Entomologist, 90: 358-369.
  • Huang, M.L., Y.S. Lu, Z.S.Qiu, Q.M. Zhou, Y.J. Men & S.G. Lin, 1989. Life history of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, and its occurrence. Acta Phytophylactica Sinica, 16: 159-162.
  • Knapp, J.L., L.G. Albrigo, H.W. Browning, R.C. Bullock, J.B. Heppner, D.G. Hall, M.A.Hoy, R. Nguyen, J.E. Peña, & P.A. Stansly, 1995. Citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton: Current status in Florida - 1994. Fla. Coop. Ext. Ser. IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, p. 26.
  • Legaspi, J.C., J.V. French, M.E. Schauff & J.B. Woolley, 1999. The citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in South Texas: incidence and parasitism. Florida Entomologist, 82: 305-516.
  • Legaspi, C.L., J.V French, A.G. Zuñiga & Jr. B.C. Legaspi, 2001. Population dynamics of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), and its natural enemies in Texas and Mexico. Biological Control, 21: 84-90.
  • Liotta, G., A. Agro & A. Lo Genco, 2003. Activity of indigenous and exotic parasitoids of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) in Western Sicily. Integrated Control in Citrus Fruit Crops. IOBC wprs Bulletin, Bulletin OILB srop, 26(6): 23-26.
  • Peña, J.E., R. Duncan & H. Browning, 1996. Seasonal abundance of the citrus leaf miner and its parasitoids in South Florida citrus. Managing the Citrus Leafminer, Proceedings from an international conference. Entomological Society of America, 25 (3): 698-702.
  • Pomerinke, M.A., 1999. Biological Control of Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) In Southwest Florida. University of Florida, Ph. D. Thesis, Gainesville, Florida, 102 pp.
  • Rosenheim, J.A, L.R. Wilhoit & C.A. Armer, 1993. Infuence of intraguild predation among generalist insect predators on the suppression of an herbivore population. Oecologia, 96: 439-449.
  • SPSS, 2006. SPSS Base 15.0 User’s Guide, Chicago: Prentice Hall.
  • Marquez, A.L., S. Garcia, E. Garcia, J. Olivero & E. Wong, 2003. Native auxiliary complex of citrus leaf-miner, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton in Malaga province (Spain). Effects of competence with the introduced auxiliary species Citrostichusphyllocnistoides Narayanan. Integrated Control in Citrus Fruit Crops. IOBC wprs Bulletin, Bulletin OILB srop, 26 (6): 17-22.
  • Morakote, R. & P. Nanta, 1996. Managing the Citrus leafminer in Thailand, 30-33. In: Managing the Citrus Leafminer (Ed. M. Hoy) Proceedings of the International Conference, 23-25 April 1996, Universityof Florida, Gainesville Orlando, FL, 119 pp.
  • Noyes, J.S., 1998. Catalogue of the Chalcidoidea of the world. CDRoom. ETI, Amsterdam, Holland. 288MB.
  • Uygun, N., İ. Karaca, M. Aytaş, R. Yumruktepe, A. Yiğit, M.R. Ulusoy, U. Kersting, N.Z. Tekeli & R. Canhilal, 1995. Türkiye’de yeni bir turunçgil zararlısı, Turunçgil Yaprak Galerigüvesi, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae). Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 19: 247-252.
  • Uygun, N., D. Şenal, İ. Karaca & N.Z. Elekçioğlu, 2000. Turunçgil Yaprak Galerigüvesi, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae)’nın turunçgil verimine etkileri. Türkiye 4. Entomoloji Kongresi Bildirileri, 12-15 Eylül 2000, Kuşadası/Aydın, 1-12.
  • Van Driesche, R. G., 1983. Meaning of ‘percent parasitism’ in studies of insect parasitoids. Environmental Entomology, 12 (6): 1611-1612.
  • Vercher, R., F. Garcia-Marí, J. Costa Comelles, C. Marzal & M. Villalba, 2003. Biological control of the Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) in Spain: native parasitoids and establishment of Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). IOBC Bulletin, Bulletin OILB srop, 26 (6): 7-15.
  • Wang, L., D.H.B. Bisseleua, M. You, J. Huang & B. Liu, 2006. Population dynamics and functional response of Citrostichusphyllocnistoides (Narayanan) (Hymenoptera.: Eulophidae) on citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Phyllocnistidae) in Fuzhou region of south-east China. Journal of Applied Entomology, 130 (2): 96-102.
  • Wise, D.H., 1993. Spiders In Ecological Webs. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; New York. 328 pp.
  • Xiao, Y.F., J.A. Qureshi & P.A. Stansly, 2007. Contribution of predation and parasitism to mortality of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), populations in Florida. Biological Control, 40: 39640
  • Xiao, Y. & H.Y. Fadamiro, 2010. Exclusion experiments reveal relative contributions of natural enemies to mortality of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Alabama satsuma orchards. Biological Control, 54: 189-196.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Naime Z. Elekçioğlu (21-30) This is me

Publication Date February 1, 2013
Submission Date February 8, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 37 Issue: 1

Cite

APA (21-30), N. Z. E. . (2013). Determination of the natural mortality factors of Citrus leafminer [Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)] in Adana Province, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 37(1), 21-30.
AMA (21-30) NZE. Determination of the natural mortality factors of Citrus leafminer [Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)] in Adana Province, Turkey. TED. February 2013;37(1):21-30.
Chicago (21-30), Naime Z. Elekçioğlu. “Determination of the Natural Mortality Factors of Citrus Leafminer [Phyllocnistis Citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)] in Adana Province, Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 37, no. 1 (February 2013): 21-30.
EndNote (21-30) NZE (February 1, 2013) Determination of the natural mortality factors of Citrus leafminer [Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)] in Adana Province, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology 37 1 21–30.
IEEE N. Z. E. . (21-30), “Determination of the natural mortality factors of Citrus leafminer [Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)] in Adana Province, Turkey”, TED, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 21–30, 2013.
ISNAD (21-30), Naime Z. Elekçioğlu. “Determination of the Natural Mortality Factors of Citrus Leafminer [Phyllocnistis Citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)] in Adana Province, Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 37/1 (February 2013), 21-30.
JAMA (21-30) NZE. Determination of the natural mortality factors of Citrus leafminer [Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)] in Adana Province, Turkey. TED. 2013;37:21–30.
MLA (21-30), Naime Z. Elekçioğlu. “Determination of the Natural Mortality Factors of Citrus Leafminer [Phyllocnistis Citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)] in Adana Province, Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, vol. 37, no. 1, 2013, pp. 21-30.
Vancouver (21-30) NZE. Determination of the natural mortality factors of Citrus leafminer [Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)] in Adana Province, Turkey. TED. 2013;37(1):21-30.