BibTex RIS Cite

Quality control of in vitro produced Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) strains isolated from Turkey

Year 2013, Volume: 37 Issue: 3, 283 - 292, 01.06.2013

Abstract

H.b. 6 (Antalya), H.b. 17 (Kırklareli), H.b. 10 (Adana), H.b. HIZ (İzmir), H.b. HSU (Şanlıurfa) and H.b. 876 (Çanakkale) strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), were produced with in vivo and in vitro mass production techniques. Effectiveness and reproduction capacities of the nematodes obtained from in vivo and in vitro cultures were compared in order to determinethe quality of in vitro productionThe difference in infectivity of the strains produced with in vivo and in vitro techniques was not statistically significant, except H.b. 6, which was lower in in vitro. Some in vitro produced strains had significantly higher reproduction capacity than in vivo strains but some strains were not significantly different as in vivo produced strains. It was generally detected that the in vitro cultured Turkish strains maintained their prerequisites on effectiveness and reproduction capacities as their quality control standards.

References

  • Akhurst, R.J., 1980. Morphological and functional dimorphism in Xenorhabdus spp., bacteria symbiotically associated with insect pathogenic nematodes Neoplectana and Heterorhabditis. Journal of General Microbiology, 121: 303-309.
  • Akhurst, R.J., 1983. Neoplectana species: specificity of association with bacteria of the genus Xenorhabdus. Experimental Parasitology, 55: 258-263.
  • Anbesse, S., N.H. Sumaya, A. Dörfler, O. Strauch & R-U. Ehlers, 2013. Stabilisation of heat tolerance traits in Heterorhabditis bacteriophora through selective breeding and creation of inbred lines in liquid culture. Biocontrol, 58(1):85-93.
  • Bedding, R.A. & A.S. Molyneux, 1982. Penetration of insect cuticle by infective juveniles of Heterorhabditis spp (Heterorhabditidae: Nematoda). Nematologica 28(3): 354-359.
  • Boemare, N.E., R.J. Akhurst & R.G. Mourant, 1993. DNA relatedness between Xenorhabdus spp. (Enterobacteriaceae) symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes, with a proposal to transfer Xenorhabdus luminescens to a new genus, Photorhabdus gen. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 43: 249-255.
  • Boff, M.I.C., G.L. Wiegers & P.H. Smits, 2000. The influence of storage temperature and time on infectivity and reproduction of Heterorhabditis megidis (strain NLH-E87.3). IOBC WPRS Bulletin, 23(2): 53-60.
  • Ciche, T.A, C. Darby, R.-U. Ehlers, S. Forst & H. Goodrich-Blair, 2006. Dangerous liaisons: the symbiosis of entomopathogenic nematodes and bacteria. Biological Control, 38: 22-46.
  • Dix, I., A.M. Burnell, C.T. Griffin, S.A. Joyce, M.J. Nugent & M.J. Downes, 1992. The idenditification of biological species in the genus Heterorhabditis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) by cross-breeding second generation amphimictic adults. Parasitology, 104: 509-518.
  • Dowds, B.C.A. & A. Peters, 2002. Virulence Mechanisms 79-98. In: Entomopathogenic Nematology (Ed: Gaugler, R.) CABI, UK, 388 pp.
  • Ehlers, R.-U. & A. Peters, 1994. Entomopathohenis Nematodes in Biological Control: Feasibility, Perspectives and Possible Risks 119-136. In: Biological Control: Benefits and Risks (Eds: Hokkanen, H.M.T. & J.M. Lynch). Cambridge University Press, UK, 328 pp.
  • Ehlers, R.-U., 1996. Current and future use of nematodes in biocontrol: Practise and commercial aspects in regard to regulatory policies. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6(3): 303-316.
  • Ehlers, R.-U., S. Lunau, K. Krasomil-Osterfeld & K.H. Osterfeld, 1998. Liquid culture of the entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complex Heterorhabditis megidis/Photorhabdus luminescens. Biocontrol, 43:77–86.
  • Ehlers, R.-U., 2001. Mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes for plant protection. Applied Microbial Biotechnology, 56: 623-633.
  • Friedman, M.J., 1990. Commercial production and development 153-172. In: Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control (Eds: Gaugler, R. & H.K. Kaya). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 384 pp.
  • Gaugler, R. & H.K. Kaya, 1990. Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 384 pp. Gaugler, R. & R. Han, 2002. “Production technology 289-310”. In: Entomopathogenic Nematology (Ed: Gaugler, R.). CABI Publishing, New York, 388 pp.
  • Glaser, R.W., 1931. The cultivation of a nematode parasite of an insect. Science, 73: 614-615.
  • Glaser, R.W., 1940. The bacteria-free culture of a nematode parasite. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 43, 512-514.
  • Glazer, I. & E.E. Lewis, 2000. Bioassays for Entomopathogenic Nematodes 271-293. In: Bioassays for entomopathogens and nematodes (Ed: Navon, A.). Kluver Academic Puplisher, Holland, 324 pp.
  • Inman, F.L., S. Singh & L.D. Holmes, 2012. Mass production of the beneficial nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and its bacterial symbiont Photorhabdus luminescens. Indian Journal of Microbiology 52: (3): 316-324.
  • Jung, K., 1999. Quality of insect pathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditidae: Nematoda). Identification of characters responsible for quality, their quantification and how they are affected by selected abiotic factors during storage. PhD Thesis, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany, 172 pp.
  • Kaya, H.K. & R. Gaugler, 1993. Entomopathogenic Nematodes. Annual Review of Entomology, 38: 181-206.
  • Kaya, H.K. & P. Stock, 1997. Techniques in Insect Nematology 282-324. In: Manual of techniques in insect pathology (Ed: Lacey, L.A.). Academic Press, San Diego, 409 pp.
  • Klein, M.G., 1990. Efficacy against Soil-Inhabiting Insect Pests 195-214. In: Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control (Eds: Gaugler, R. & H.K., Kaya). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 384 pp.
  • Lunau, S., S. Stoessel, A.J. Schmidt-Peisker & R.-U. Ehlers, 1993. establishment of monoxenic inocula for scalling up in vitro cultures of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. Nematologica, 39: 385-399.
  • Mukuka, J., O. Strauch, C. Hoppe & R.-U. Ehlers, 2010. Fitness of heat and desiccation tolerant hybrid strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditidomorpha: Heterorhabditidae). Journal of Pest Science, 83:281-287. Patel, M.N., M. Stolinski & D.J. Wright, 1997. Neutral lipids and the assessment of infectivity in entomopathogenic nematodes: observations on four Steinernema species. Parasitology, 114(5): 489-496.
  • Peters, A., 1996. The natural host range of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp. and their impact on insect populations. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6, 389-402.
  • Peters, A. & R.-U. Ehlers, 1997. Encapsulation of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae in Tipula oleracea. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 69: 218-222.
  • Peters, A., 2005. “Single dose infectivity test using larvae of the lesser mealworm Tenebrio molitor: Insects separated from each other, 57-59”. In: Quality Control of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Ed: Grunder, J.M.). Agroscope FAW, Wädenswil, Switzerland,124 pp.
  • Poinar, G.O. Jr. & G.M. Thomas, 1965. A new bacterium, Achromobacter nematophilus sp. nov. (Achromobacteriaceae: Eubacteriales), associated with a nematode. International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy, 15, 249-252.
  • Poinar Jr., G.O. & G.M. Thomas, 1966. Significance of Achromobacter nematophilus Poinar and Thomas (Achromobacteriaceae: Eubacteriales) in the development of the nematode, DD-136 (Neoaplectana sp., Steinernematidae). Parasitology, 56, 385-390.
  • Poinar Jr., G.O., 1975. Description and biology of a new parasitic rhabditoid Heterorhabditis bacteriophora n. gen., n. sp. Nematologica, 21: 463-470.
  • Poinar Jr., G.O., 1990. Biology and Taxonomy of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae 23-61. In: Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control (Eds: Gaugler, R. & H.K. Kaya). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 384 pp.
  • Selvan S., J.F. Campbell & R. Gaugler, 1993. Density-dependent effects on entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) within an insect host. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 62: 278-284. Shapiro-Ilan, D.I. & R. Gaugler, 2002. Production technology for entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28: 137-146.
  • Shapiro-Ilan, D.I., D.H. Gougle & A.M. Koppenhöfer, 2002. Factors affecting commercial success: Case studies in cotton, turf, and citrus 333-356. In: Entomopathogenic Nematology (Ed: Gaugler, R.). CABI Publishing, New York, 388 pp. Strauch, O., S., Stoessel, & R.-U., Ehlers, 1994. Culture conditions define automictic or amphimictic reproduction in entomopathogenic rhabditid nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis. Fundamental and Applied Nemalogy, 17: 575-582.
  • Susurluk, A., I. Dix, E. Stackebrandt, O. Strauch, U. Wyss & R.-U. Ehlers, 2001. Identification and ecological characterisation of three entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complex from Turkey, Nematology, 3(8): 8338
  • Susurluk, I.A., I. Unlu & I. Kepenekçi, 2003. Host finding behaviour of two different Turkish isolates of entomopathogenic nematode species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae). Turkish Journal of Biology, 27(4): 203-207.
  • Susurluk, I.A., 2006. Comparison of Some Biological Characterizations of the Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Steinernema weiseri and S. feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), Isolated in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Science, 12 (4), 340-344.
  • Susurluk, I.A. & R.-U. Ehlers, 2008. Comparison of some characterizations of recovered from soil and newly fermented entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 2 (6): 65–71.
  • Susurluk, I.A., 2008. Potential of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae, S. weiseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora for the biological control of the sugar beet weevil Bothynoderes punctiventris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Pest Science, 81: 221–225.
  • Thomas, G.M. & G.O. Poinar Jr., 1979. Xenorhabdus gen. nov., a genus of entomopathogenic nematophilic bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 29: 352-360.
  • Unlu, I.O., R.-U. Ehlers & A. Susurluk, 2007. Additional data and first record of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema weiseri from Turkey. Nematology, 9 (5): 739-741.
  • White, G.F., 1927. A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures. Science, 66: 302-303.
  • Wiesner, A., 1993. Die Induktion der Immunabwehr eines Insekts (Galleria mellonella, Lepidoptera) durch synthetische Materialien und arteigene haemolymphfaktoren. PhD Thesis in Berlin, 107 pp.

Türkiye'den izole edilen ve in vitro olarak üretilen Heterorhabditis bacteriophora izolatlarının kalite kontrolü

Year 2013, Volume: 37 Issue: 3, 283 - 292, 01.06.2013

Abstract

Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) türünün H.b. 6 (Antalya), H.b. 17 (Kırklareli), H.b. 10 (Adana), H.b. HIZ (İzmir), H.b. HSU (Şanlıurfa) ve H.b. 876 (Çanakkale) ırkları in vivo ve in vitro kitle üretim teknikleri kullanılarak üretilmiş ve üretilen kültürler üzerinde yapılan etkinlik ve üreme kapasitesi denemelerinden elde edilen sonuçların karşılaştırılması ile in vitro olarak üretilen ırkların kalite kontrolleri yapılmıştır. In vivo ve in vitro olarak üretilen ırkların üzerinde yapılan etkinlik denemelerinin sonuçları H.b. 6 ırkı haricinde diğer tüm ırklarda etkinliğin istatistiksel olarak aynı olduğunu göstermiştir. Üreme kapasitesi denemelerinde ise in vitro olarak üretilen bazı ırkların in vivo olarak üretilen ırklardan istatistiksel olarak daha üstün olduğu, geri kalan ırkların ise in vivo olarak üretilen ırklar ile istatistiksel olarak aynı üreme kapasitesine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak, in vitro yöntemle üretilen Türk ırklarının, kalite kontrol unsurlarından en önemli ikisi olan mevcut etkinlik ve üreme kapasitesi özelliklerini korudukları tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Akhurst, R.J., 1980. Morphological and functional dimorphism in Xenorhabdus spp., bacteria symbiotically associated with insect pathogenic nematodes Neoplectana and Heterorhabditis. Journal of General Microbiology, 121: 303-309.
  • Akhurst, R.J., 1983. Neoplectana species: specificity of association with bacteria of the genus Xenorhabdus. Experimental Parasitology, 55: 258-263.
  • Anbesse, S., N.H. Sumaya, A. Dörfler, O. Strauch & R-U. Ehlers, 2013. Stabilisation of heat tolerance traits in Heterorhabditis bacteriophora through selective breeding and creation of inbred lines in liquid culture. Biocontrol, 58(1):85-93.
  • Bedding, R.A. & A.S. Molyneux, 1982. Penetration of insect cuticle by infective juveniles of Heterorhabditis spp (Heterorhabditidae: Nematoda). Nematologica 28(3): 354-359.
  • Boemare, N.E., R.J. Akhurst & R.G. Mourant, 1993. DNA relatedness between Xenorhabdus spp. (Enterobacteriaceae) symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes, with a proposal to transfer Xenorhabdus luminescens to a new genus, Photorhabdus gen. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 43: 249-255.
  • Boff, M.I.C., G.L. Wiegers & P.H. Smits, 2000. The influence of storage temperature and time on infectivity and reproduction of Heterorhabditis megidis (strain NLH-E87.3). IOBC WPRS Bulletin, 23(2): 53-60.
  • Ciche, T.A, C. Darby, R.-U. Ehlers, S. Forst & H. Goodrich-Blair, 2006. Dangerous liaisons: the symbiosis of entomopathogenic nematodes and bacteria. Biological Control, 38: 22-46.
  • Dix, I., A.M. Burnell, C.T. Griffin, S.A. Joyce, M.J. Nugent & M.J. Downes, 1992. The idenditification of biological species in the genus Heterorhabditis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) by cross-breeding second generation amphimictic adults. Parasitology, 104: 509-518.
  • Dowds, B.C.A. & A. Peters, 2002. Virulence Mechanisms 79-98. In: Entomopathogenic Nematology (Ed: Gaugler, R.) CABI, UK, 388 pp.
  • Ehlers, R.-U. & A. Peters, 1994. Entomopathohenis Nematodes in Biological Control: Feasibility, Perspectives and Possible Risks 119-136. In: Biological Control: Benefits and Risks (Eds: Hokkanen, H.M.T. & J.M. Lynch). Cambridge University Press, UK, 328 pp.
  • Ehlers, R.-U., 1996. Current and future use of nematodes in biocontrol: Practise and commercial aspects in regard to regulatory policies. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6(3): 303-316.
  • Ehlers, R.-U., S. Lunau, K. Krasomil-Osterfeld & K.H. Osterfeld, 1998. Liquid culture of the entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complex Heterorhabditis megidis/Photorhabdus luminescens. Biocontrol, 43:77–86.
  • Ehlers, R.-U., 2001. Mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes for plant protection. Applied Microbial Biotechnology, 56: 623-633.
  • Friedman, M.J., 1990. Commercial production and development 153-172. In: Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control (Eds: Gaugler, R. & H.K. Kaya). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 384 pp.
  • Gaugler, R. & H.K. Kaya, 1990. Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 384 pp. Gaugler, R. & R. Han, 2002. “Production technology 289-310”. In: Entomopathogenic Nematology (Ed: Gaugler, R.). CABI Publishing, New York, 388 pp.
  • Glaser, R.W., 1931. The cultivation of a nematode parasite of an insect. Science, 73: 614-615.
  • Glaser, R.W., 1940. The bacteria-free culture of a nematode parasite. Proceedings of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 43, 512-514.
  • Glazer, I. & E.E. Lewis, 2000. Bioassays for Entomopathogenic Nematodes 271-293. In: Bioassays for entomopathogens and nematodes (Ed: Navon, A.). Kluver Academic Puplisher, Holland, 324 pp.
  • Inman, F.L., S. Singh & L.D. Holmes, 2012. Mass production of the beneficial nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and its bacterial symbiont Photorhabdus luminescens. Indian Journal of Microbiology 52: (3): 316-324.
  • Jung, K., 1999. Quality of insect pathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditidae: Nematoda). Identification of characters responsible for quality, their quantification and how they are affected by selected abiotic factors during storage. PhD Thesis, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany, 172 pp.
  • Kaya, H.K. & R. Gaugler, 1993. Entomopathogenic Nematodes. Annual Review of Entomology, 38: 181-206.
  • Kaya, H.K. & P. Stock, 1997. Techniques in Insect Nematology 282-324. In: Manual of techniques in insect pathology (Ed: Lacey, L.A.). Academic Press, San Diego, 409 pp.
  • Klein, M.G., 1990. Efficacy against Soil-Inhabiting Insect Pests 195-214. In: Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control (Eds: Gaugler, R. & H.K., Kaya). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 384 pp.
  • Lunau, S., S. Stoessel, A.J. Schmidt-Peisker & R.-U. Ehlers, 1993. establishment of monoxenic inocula for scalling up in vitro cultures of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. Nematologica, 39: 385-399.
  • Mukuka, J., O. Strauch, C. Hoppe & R.-U. Ehlers, 2010. Fitness of heat and desiccation tolerant hybrid strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditidomorpha: Heterorhabditidae). Journal of Pest Science, 83:281-287. Patel, M.N., M. Stolinski & D.J. Wright, 1997. Neutral lipids and the assessment of infectivity in entomopathogenic nematodes: observations on four Steinernema species. Parasitology, 114(5): 489-496.
  • Peters, A., 1996. The natural host range of Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp. and their impact on insect populations. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 6, 389-402.
  • Peters, A. & R.-U. Ehlers, 1997. Encapsulation of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae in Tipula oleracea. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 69: 218-222.
  • Peters, A., 2005. “Single dose infectivity test using larvae of the lesser mealworm Tenebrio molitor: Insects separated from each other, 57-59”. In: Quality Control of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Ed: Grunder, J.M.). Agroscope FAW, Wädenswil, Switzerland,124 pp.
  • Poinar, G.O. Jr. & G.M. Thomas, 1965. A new bacterium, Achromobacter nematophilus sp. nov. (Achromobacteriaceae: Eubacteriales), associated with a nematode. International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy, 15, 249-252.
  • Poinar Jr., G.O. & G.M. Thomas, 1966. Significance of Achromobacter nematophilus Poinar and Thomas (Achromobacteriaceae: Eubacteriales) in the development of the nematode, DD-136 (Neoaplectana sp., Steinernematidae). Parasitology, 56, 385-390.
  • Poinar Jr., G.O., 1975. Description and biology of a new parasitic rhabditoid Heterorhabditis bacteriophora n. gen., n. sp. Nematologica, 21: 463-470.
  • Poinar Jr., G.O., 1990. Biology and Taxonomy of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae 23-61. In: Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control (Eds: Gaugler, R. & H.K. Kaya). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 384 pp.
  • Selvan S., J.F. Campbell & R. Gaugler, 1993. Density-dependent effects on entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) within an insect host. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 62: 278-284. Shapiro-Ilan, D.I. & R. Gaugler, 2002. Production technology for entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28: 137-146.
  • Shapiro-Ilan, D.I., D.H. Gougle & A.M. Koppenhöfer, 2002. Factors affecting commercial success: Case studies in cotton, turf, and citrus 333-356. In: Entomopathogenic Nematology (Ed: Gaugler, R.). CABI Publishing, New York, 388 pp. Strauch, O., S., Stoessel, & R.-U., Ehlers, 1994. Culture conditions define automictic or amphimictic reproduction in entomopathogenic rhabditid nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis. Fundamental and Applied Nemalogy, 17: 575-582.
  • Susurluk, A., I. Dix, E. Stackebrandt, O. Strauch, U. Wyss & R.-U. Ehlers, 2001. Identification and ecological characterisation of three entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complex from Turkey, Nematology, 3(8): 8338
  • Susurluk, I.A., I. Unlu & I. Kepenekçi, 2003. Host finding behaviour of two different Turkish isolates of entomopathogenic nematode species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae). Turkish Journal of Biology, 27(4): 203-207.
  • Susurluk, I.A., 2006. Comparison of Some Biological Characterizations of the Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Steinernema weiseri and S. feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), Isolated in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Science, 12 (4), 340-344.
  • Susurluk, I.A. & R.-U. Ehlers, 2008. Comparison of some characterizations of recovered from soil and newly fermented entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 2 (6): 65–71.
  • Susurluk, I.A., 2008. Potential of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae, S. weiseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora for the biological control of the sugar beet weevil Bothynoderes punctiventris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Pest Science, 81: 221–225.
  • Thomas, G.M. & G.O. Poinar Jr., 1979. Xenorhabdus gen. nov., a genus of entomopathogenic nematophilic bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 29: 352-360.
  • Unlu, I.O., R.-U. Ehlers & A. Susurluk, 2007. Additional data and first record of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema weiseri from Turkey. Nematology, 9 (5): 739-741.
  • White, G.F., 1927. A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures. Science, 66: 302-303.
  • Wiesner, A., 1993. Die Induktion der Immunabwehr eines Insekts (Galleria mellonella, Lepidoptera) durch synthetische Materialien und arteigene haemolymphfaktoren. PhD Thesis in Berlin, 107 pp.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İ. Alper Susurluk This is me

Yasemin Kongu This is me

Tufan Can Ulu This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2013
Submission Date February 8, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 37 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Susurluk, İ. A. ., Kongu, Y. ., & Ulu, T. C. . (2013). Türkiye’den izole edilen ve in vitro olarak üretilen Heterorhabditis bacteriophora izolatlarının kalite kontrolü. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 37(3), 283-292.
AMA Susurluk İA, Kongu Y, Ulu TC. Türkiye’den izole edilen ve in vitro olarak üretilen Heterorhabditis bacteriophora izolatlarının kalite kontrolü. TED. June 2013;37(3):283-292.
Chicago Susurluk, İ. Alper, Yasemin Kongu, and Tufan Can Ulu. “Türkiye’den Izole Edilen Ve in Vitro Olarak üretilen Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora izolatlarının Kalite Kontrolü”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 37, no. 3 (June 2013): 283-92.
EndNote Susurluk İA, Kongu Y, Ulu TC (June 1, 2013) Türkiye’den izole edilen ve in vitro olarak üretilen Heterorhabditis bacteriophora izolatlarının kalite kontrolü. Turkish Journal of Entomology 37 3 283–292.
IEEE İ. A. . Susurluk, Y. . Kongu, and T. C. . Ulu, “Türkiye’den izole edilen ve in vitro olarak üretilen Heterorhabditis bacteriophora izolatlarının kalite kontrolü”, TED, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 283–292, 2013.
ISNAD Susurluk, İ. Alper et al. “Türkiye’den Izole Edilen Ve in Vitro Olarak üretilen Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora izolatlarının Kalite Kontrolü”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 37/3 (June 2013), 283-292.
JAMA Susurluk İA, Kongu Y, Ulu TC. Türkiye’den izole edilen ve in vitro olarak üretilen Heterorhabditis bacteriophora izolatlarının kalite kontrolü. TED. 2013;37:283–292.
MLA Susurluk, İ. Alper et al. “Türkiye’den Izole Edilen Ve in Vitro Olarak üretilen Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora izolatlarının Kalite Kontrolü”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, vol. 37, no. 3, 2013, pp. 283-92.
Vancouver Susurluk İA, Kongu Y, Ulu TC. Türkiye’den izole edilen ve in vitro olarak üretilen Heterorhabditis bacteriophora izolatlarının kalite kontrolü. TED. 2013;37(3):283-92.