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Konukçu yoğunluğunun parazitoit Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’un bazı biyolojik özellikleri ile glikojen, toplam şeker ve lipit miktarına etkisi

Year 2011, Volume: 35 Issue: 2, 195 - 206, 30.06.2011

Abstract

Konukçu yoğunluğunun Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’yı parazitleyen Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’ un gelişim süresi, yumurta dağılımı, verim, eşey oranı, ömür uzunluğu ve glikojen, toplam şeker ve lipit seviyeleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla, 26 ± 2oC, 60 ± 5 % RH ve sürekli aydınlık koşullarda laborotavuar çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Bir çift parazitoite (Yaş<24 saat) on gün boyunca 24 saatlik peryotlarla bir, iki, dört veya sekiz konukçu verilmiştir. Konukçu yoğunluğu B. hebetor’un gelişim süresini önemli ölçüde etkilememiştir. Her iki eşey için, tüm konukçu yoğunluklarında gelişim süresi yaklaşık 14-15 gün sürmüştür. Dişilerin ömür uzunluğu konukçu yoğunluğuyla önemli derecede değişmezken, erkeklerde bazı varyasyonlar göstermiştir. Dişiler konukçu yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak yumurtalarını paylaştırırlar. Bununla birlikte, dişi başına bırakılan toplam yumurta sayısı tüm konukçu yoğunluklarında benzerdir. Dişiye tek larva verildiğinde, oğul döl çıkışı diğer konukçu yoğunluklarından daha düşük olmuş ancak erkek döl yüzdesi konukçu yoğunluğuyla değişmemiştir. Ayrıca, farklı konukçu yoğunluklarında yetiştirilen yeni ergin beslenmemiş dişi ve erkek B. hebetor’un glikojen, şeker ve lipit miktarları da karşılaştırılmıştır. Konukçu yoğunluğu dişi ve erkek parazitoitlerin glikojen seviyesinde önemli bir etkiye sahip değilken, şeker ve lipit seviyeleri her iki eşeyde bazı varyasyonlar göstermiştir.

References

  • Baker, J. E. & J. A. Fabrick, 2000. Host hemolymph proteins and protein digestion in larval Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 30 (10): 937-946.
  • Benson, J. F., 1973. Intraspecific competition in the population dynamics of Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera:Braconidae). The Journal of Animal Ecology, 42 (1): 105-124.
  • Brower, J. H. & J. W. Press, 1990. Interaction of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in suppressing stored -product moth populations in small inshell peanut storages. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83 (3): 1096-1101.
  • Corrigan, J. E., J. E. Laing & J. S. Zubricky, 1995. Effects of parasitoid to host ratio and time of day of parasitism on development and emergence of Trichogramma minitum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitizing eggs of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Annals of Entomological Society of America, 88 (6): 773-780.
  • Darwish, E., M. El-Shazly & H. El- Sherif, 2003. The choice of probing sites by Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) foraging for Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 39 (3): 265-276.
  • Doutt, R. L., 1959. Distribution of eggs by Microbracon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Ecology, 40 (2): 302-303.
  • Elipoulus, P. A. & G. J. Stathas, 2008. Life tables of Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing Anagasta keuhniella and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Effect of host density. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 (3): 982-988.
  • England, S. & E. W. Evans, 1997. Effects of pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) honeydew on longevity and fecundity of the alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Environmental Entomology, 26 (6): 1437-1441.
  • Fadamiro, H. Y. & G. E. Heimpel, 2001. Effects of partial sugar deprivation on lifespan and carbohydrate mobilization in the parasitoid Macrocentrus grandii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Annals of Entomological Society of America, 94 (6): 909-916.
  • Gül, M. & A. Gülel, 1995. Parasitoid Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’un biyolojisi ve konak larva büyüklüğünün verim ve eşey oranı üzerine etkisi. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 19: 231-235.
  • Gündüz, N. E. A. & A. Gülel, 2004. Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) erginlerinde konukçu türünün ve besin tipinin ömür uzunluğuna etkisi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 28 (4): 275-282.
  • Gündüz, N. E. A. & A. Gülel, 2005. Ergin yaşı ve konukçu türünün parazitoit Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’un gelişme süresine etkisi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20 (2): 31-36.
  • Gündüz, E. A., A. Gülel & Ö. V. Işıtan, 2008. İki konukçu türün, larva ektoparazitoiti Bracon hebetor (Say, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’da protein, lipit ve glikojen miktarlarına etkisi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 32 (1):33-42.
  • Gündüz, E. A. & A. Gülel, 2010. Protein, lipid and glycogen levels in the parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 34: 243-248.
  • Harbison, J. L., J. C. Legaspi, S. L. Fabritius, R. R. Saldana, B. C. Jr. Legaspi & A. Enkegaard, 2001. Effects of age and host number on reproductive biology of Allorhogas pyralophagus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) attacking the Mexican rice borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Environmental Entomology, 30 (1):129-135.
  • Heimpel, G. E., M. F. Antolin, R. A. Franqui & M. R. Strand, 1997. Reproductive isolation and genetic variation between two “strains” of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biological Control, 9: 149-156.
  • Jacome, I., M. Aluja, P. Liedo & D. Nestel, 1995. The influence of adult diet and age on lipid reserves in the trotopical fruit fly Anastrepha serpentina (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Insect Physiology, 41 (12): 1079-1086.
  • Jervis, M. A. & N. A. C. Kidd, 1986. Host-feeding strategies in Hymenopteran parasitoids. Biological Reviews, 61: 395-434.
  • Landau, S. & B. S. Everitt, 2004. A Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using SPSS. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington, D.C. 354 pp.
  • Lee, J. C., G. E. Heimpel & G. L. Leibee, 2004. Comparing floral nectar and aphid honeydew diets on the longevity and nutrient levels of a parasitoid wasp. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 111 (3): 189-199.
  • Lee, J. C., D. A. Andow & G. E. Heimpel, 2006. Influence of floral resources on sugar feeding and nutrient dynamics of a parasitoid in the field. Ecological Entomology, 31 (5): 470-480.
  • Magro, S. R., A. B. Dias, W. R. Terra & J. R. P. Parra, 2006. Biological, nutritional, and histochemical basis for improving an artificial diet for Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Neotropical Entomology, 35 (2): 215-222.
  • Milonas, P. G. & M. Savopoulou-Soultani, 1999. Temperature-dependent functional response of Bracon hebetor parasitising larvae of Adoxophyes orana in the laboratory. (IOBC/WPRS), (OILB/SROP) Bulletin, 22 (11): 93-100.
  • Milonas, P. G., 2005. Influence of initial egg density and host size on the development of the gregarious parasitoid Bracon hebetor on three different host species. Biological Control, 50 (3): 415-428.
  • Morales-Ramos, J. A., M. G. Rojas & E. G. King, 1996. Significance of adult nutrition and oviposition experience on longevity and attainment of full fecundity of Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Annals of Entomological Society of America, 89 (4): 555-563.
  • Olson, D. M. & D. A. Andow, 1998. Larval crowding and adult nutrition effects on longevity and fecundity of female Trichogramma nubilale Ertle and Davis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Environmental Entomology, 27 (2): 508-514.
  • Olson, D. M., H. Fadamiro, J. G. Lundgren & G. E. Heimpel, 2000. Effects of sugar feeding on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a parasitoid wasp. Physiological Entomology, 25 (1): 17-26.
  • Rivero, A. & J. Casas, 1999. Incorporating physiology into parasitoid behavioral ecology: the allocation of nutritional resources. Researches on Population Ecology, 41 (1): 39-45.
  • Rivero, A. & S. A. West, 2002. The physiological costs of being small in a parasitic wasp. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 4 (3): 407-420.
  • Rotary, N. & D. Gerling, 1973. The influence of some external factors upon the sex ratio of Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environmental Entomology, 2 (1): 134-138.
  • Röhne, O., 2002. Effect of temperature and host stage on performance of Aphelinus varipes Förster (Hym., Aphelinidae) parasitizing the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hom., Aphididae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 126 (10): 572-576.
  • Sagarra, L. A., C. Vincent, N. F. Peters & R. K. Stewart, 2000. Effect of host density, temperature, and photoperiod on the fitness of Anagyrus kamali, a parasitoid of the hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 96 (2): 141-147.
  • Steppuhn, A. & F. L. Wäckers, 2004. HPLC sugar analysis reveals the nutritional state and the feeding history of parasitoids. Functional Ecology, 18 (6): 812-819.
  • Taylor, A. D., 1988. Host effects on functional and ovipositional responses of Bracon hebetor. The Journal of Animal Ecology, 57 (1): 173-184.
  • Ueno, T., 1999a. Reproduction and host-feeding in the solitary parasitoid wasp Pimpla nipponica (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 35 (3): 231-237.
  • Ueno, T., 1999b. Host-size-dependent sex ratio in a parasitoid wasp. Researches on Population Ecology, 41 (1): 47-57.
  • Ullyett, G. C., 1945. Distribution of progeny by Macrobracon hebetor Say. Journal of Entomological Society of South Africa, 8: 123-131.
  • Van Handel, E., 1985. Rapid determination of total lipids in mosquitoes. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 1: 302-304.
  • Wäckers, F. L., J. C. Lee, G. E. Heimpel, K. Winkler & R. Wagenaar, 2006. Hymenopteran parasitoids synthesize ‘honeydew-specific’ oligosaccharides. Functional Ecology, 20 (5): 790-798.
  • Yu, S. H., M. I. Ryoo, J. H. Na & W. I. Choi, 2003. Effect of host density on egg dispersion and the sex ratio of progeny of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 39 (4): 385-393.
  • Ziegler, R. & M. Schultz, 1986. Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during flight in Manduca sexta. Journal of Insect Physiology, 32 (12): 997-1001.

Effect of host density on some biological characteristics and glycogen, total sugar and lipid levels of parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Year 2011, Volume: 35 Issue: 2, 195 - 206, 30.06.2011

Abstract

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of host density on development time, egg dispersion, fecundity, sex ratio, longevity, and glycogen, total sugar and lipid levels of Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitizing Ephestia kuehniella Zeller 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at 26 ± 2oC, 60 ± 5 % RH and continuously illuminated conditions. One pair of the parasitoids (age<24 h) were exposed to one, two, four, and eight hosts over a 24-h period during ten days. Host density had no significant effect on development time of B. hebetor. For both sexes, it lasted almost 14-15 days at all host densities. Longevity of females did not vary significantly with host density, whereas males had some variations. Females appeared to allocate eggs in relation to host density. However, total number of eggs laid per female was similar at all host densities. When female had only one host larva, progeny emergence was lowest compared with other host densities but percentage of male progeny did not change with host density. We also compared the glycogen, sugar and lipid reserves of recently emerged unfed female and male B. hebetor maintained different host densities. Host density had no significant effect on glycogen levels of female and male wasp, whereas sugar and lipid levels showed some variations in both sexes.

References

  • Baker, J. E. & J. A. Fabrick, 2000. Host hemolymph proteins and protein digestion in larval Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 30 (10): 937-946.
  • Benson, J. F., 1973. Intraspecific competition in the population dynamics of Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera:Braconidae). The Journal of Animal Ecology, 42 (1): 105-124.
  • Brower, J. H. & J. W. Press, 1990. Interaction of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in suppressing stored -product moth populations in small inshell peanut storages. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83 (3): 1096-1101.
  • Corrigan, J. E., J. E. Laing & J. S. Zubricky, 1995. Effects of parasitoid to host ratio and time of day of parasitism on development and emergence of Trichogramma minitum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitizing eggs of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Annals of Entomological Society of America, 88 (6): 773-780.
  • Darwish, E., M. El-Shazly & H. El- Sherif, 2003. The choice of probing sites by Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) foraging for Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 39 (3): 265-276.
  • Doutt, R. L., 1959. Distribution of eggs by Microbracon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Ecology, 40 (2): 302-303.
  • Elipoulus, P. A. & G. J. Stathas, 2008. Life tables of Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing Anagasta keuhniella and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Effect of host density. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 (3): 982-988.
  • England, S. & E. W. Evans, 1997. Effects of pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) honeydew on longevity and fecundity of the alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Environmental Entomology, 26 (6): 1437-1441.
  • Fadamiro, H. Y. & G. E. Heimpel, 2001. Effects of partial sugar deprivation on lifespan and carbohydrate mobilization in the parasitoid Macrocentrus grandii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Annals of Entomological Society of America, 94 (6): 909-916.
  • Gül, M. & A. Gülel, 1995. Parasitoid Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’un biyolojisi ve konak larva büyüklüğünün verim ve eşey oranı üzerine etkisi. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 19: 231-235.
  • Gündüz, N. E. A. & A. Gülel, 2004. Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) erginlerinde konukçu türünün ve besin tipinin ömür uzunluğuna etkisi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 28 (4): 275-282.
  • Gündüz, N. E. A. & A. Gülel, 2005. Ergin yaşı ve konukçu türünün parazitoit Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’un gelişme süresine etkisi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20 (2): 31-36.
  • Gündüz, E. A., A. Gülel & Ö. V. Işıtan, 2008. İki konukçu türün, larva ektoparazitoiti Bracon hebetor (Say, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’da protein, lipit ve glikojen miktarlarına etkisi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, 32 (1):33-42.
  • Gündüz, E. A. & A. Gülel, 2010. Protein, lipid and glycogen levels in the parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 34: 243-248.
  • Harbison, J. L., J. C. Legaspi, S. L. Fabritius, R. R. Saldana, B. C. Jr. Legaspi & A. Enkegaard, 2001. Effects of age and host number on reproductive biology of Allorhogas pyralophagus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) attacking the Mexican rice borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Environmental Entomology, 30 (1):129-135.
  • Heimpel, G. E., M. F. Antolin, R. A. Franqui & M. R. Strand, 1997. Reproductive isolation and genetic variation between two “strains” of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biological Control, 9: 149-156.
  • Jacome, I., M. Aluja, P. Liedo & D. Nestel, 1995. The influence of adult diet and age on lipid reserves in the trotopical fruit fly Anastrepha serpentina (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Insect Physiology, 41 (12): 1079-1086.
  • Jervis, M. A. & N. A. C. Kidd, 1986. Host-feeding strategies in Hymenopteran parasitoids. Biological Reviews, 61: 395-434.
  • Landau, S. & B. S. Everitt, 2004. A Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using SPSS. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington, D.C. 354 pp.
  • Lee, J. C., G. E. Heimpel & G. L. Leibee, 2004. Comparing floral nectar and aphid honeydew diets on the longevity and nutrient levels of a parasitoid wasp. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 111 (3): 189-199.
  • Lee, J. C., D. A. Andow & G. E. Heimpel, 2006. Influence of floral resources on sugar feeding and nutrient dynamics of a parasitoid in the field. Ecological Entomology, 31 (5): 470-480.
  • Magro, S. R., A. B. Dias, W. R. Terra & J. R. P. Parra, 2006. Biological, nutritional, and histochemical basis for improving an artificial diet for Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Neotropical Entomology, 35 (2): 215-222.
  • Milonas, P. G. & M. Savopoulou-Soultani, 1999. Temperature-dependent functional response of Bracon hebetor parasitising larvae of Adoxophyes orana in the laboratory. (IOBC/WPRS), (OILB/SROP) Bulletin, 22 (11): 93-100.
  • Milonas, P. G., 2005. Influence of initial egg density and host size on the development of the gregarious parasitoid Bracon hebetor on three different host species. Biological Control, 50 (3): 415-428.
  • Morales-Ramos, J. A., M. G. Rojas & E. G. King, 1996. Significance of adult nutrition and oviposition experience on longevity and attainment of full fecundity of Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Annals of Entomological Society of America, 89 (4): 555-563.
  • Olson, D. M. & D. A. Andow, 1998. Larval crowding and adult nutrition effects on longevity and fecundity of female Trichogramma nubilale Ertle and Davis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Environmental Entomology, 27 (2): 508-514.
  • Olson, D. M., H. Fadamiro, J. G. Lundgren & G. E. Heimpel, 2000. Effects of sugar feeding on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a parasitoid wasp. Physiological Entomology, 25 (1): 17-26.
  • Rivero, A. & J. Casas, 1999. Incorporating physiology into parasitoid behavioral ecology: the allocation of nutritional resources. Researches on Population Ecology, 41 (1): 39-45.
  • Rivero, A. & S. A. West, 2002. The physiological costs of being small in a parasitic wasp. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 4 (3): 407-420.
  • Rotary, N. & D. Gerling, 1973. The influence of some external factors upon the sex ratio of Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environmental Entomology, 2 (1): 134-138.
  • Röhne, O., 2002. Effect of temperature and host stage on performance of Aphelinus varipes Förster (Hym., Aphelinidae) parasitizing the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hom., Aphididae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 126 (10): 572-576.
  • Sagarra, L. A., C. Vincent, N. F. Peters & R. K. Stewart, 2000. Effect of host density, temperature, and photoperiod on the fitness of Anagyrus kamali, a parasitoid of the hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 96 (2): 141-147.
  • Steppuhn, A. & F. L. Wäckers, 2004. HPLC sugar analysis reveals the nutritional state and the feeding history of parasitoids. Functional Ecology, 18 (6): 812-819.
  • Taylor, A. D., 1988. Host effects on functional and ovipositional responses of Bracon hebetor. The Journal of Animal Ecology, 57 (1): 173-184.
  • Ueno, T., 1999a. Reproduction and host-feeding in the solitary parasitoid wasp Pimpla nipponica (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 35 (3): 231-237.
  • Ueno, T., 1999b. Host-size-dependent sex ratio in a parasitoid wasp. Researches on Population Ecology, 41 (1): 47-57.
  • Ullyett, G. C., 1945. Distribution of progeny by Macrobracon hebetor Say. Journal of Entomological Society of South Africa, 8: 123-131.
  • Van Handel, E., 1985. Rapid determination of total lipids in mosquitoes. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 1: 302-304.
  • Wäckers, F. L., J. C. Lee, G. E. Heimpel, K. Winkler & R. Wagenaar, 2006. Hymenopteran parasitoids synthesize ‘honeydew-specific’ oligosaccharides. Functional Ecology, 20 (5): 790-798.
  • Yu, S. H., M. I. Ryoo, J. H. Na & W. I. Choi, 2003. Effect of host density on egg dispersion and the sex ratio of progeny of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 39 (4): 385-393.
  • Ziegler, R. & M. Schultz, 1986. Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during flight in Manduca sexta. Journal of Insect Physiology, 32 (12): 997-1001.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Özgür Varer Işıtan

Nevran Eylem Akman Gündüz

Adem Gülel This is me

Publication Date June 30, 2011
Submission Date April 22, 2010
Acceptance Date September 30, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 35 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Varer Işıtan, Ö., Akman Gündüz, N. E., & Gülel, A. (2011). Effect of host density on some biological characteristics and glycogen, total sugar and lipid levels of parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 35(2), 195-206.
AMA Varer Işıtan Ö, Akman Gündüz NE, Gülel A. Effect of host density on some biological characteristics and glycogen, total sugar and lipid levels of parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). TED. June 2011;35(2):195-206.
Chicago Varer Işıtan, Özgür, Nevran Eylem Akman Gündüz, and Adem Gülel. “Effect of Host Density on Some Biological Characteristics and Glycogen, Total Sugar and Lipid Levels of Parasitoid Bracon Hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 35, no. 2 (June 2011): 195-206.
EndNote Varer Işıtan Ö, Akman Gündüz NE, Gülel A (June 1, 2011) Effect of host density on some biological characteristics and glycogen, total sugar and lipid levels of parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology 35 2 195–206.
IEEE Ö. Varer Işıtan, N. E. Akman Gündüz, and A. Gülel, “Effect of host density on some biological characteristics and glycogen, total sugar and lipid levels of parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)”, TED, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 195–206, 2011.
ISNAD Varer Işıtan, Özgür et al. “Effect of Host Density on Some Biological Characteristics and Glycogen, Total Sugar and Lipid Levels of Parasitoid Bracon Hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 35/2 (June 2011), 195-206.
JAMA Varer Işıtan Ö, Akman Gündüz NE, Gülel A. Effect of host density on some biological characteristics and glycogen, total sugar and lipid levels of parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). TED. 2011;35:195–206.
MLA Varer Işıtan, Özgür et al. “Effect of Host Density on Some Biological Characteristics and Glycogen, Total Sugar and Lipid Levels of Parasitoid Bracon Hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, vol. 35, no. 2, 2011, pp. 195-06.
Vancouver Varer Işıtan Ö, Akman Gündüz NE, Gülel A. Effect of host density on some biological characteristics and glycogen, total sugar and lipid levels of parasitoid Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). TED. 2011;35(2):195-206.