Comparison of effectiveness of molecular markers linked to Me1 and N genes in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) (Solanales: Solanaceae)

Year 2024, Volume: 48 Issue: 2, 239 - 247, 12.07.2024

Gülsüm Uysal Zübeyir Devran

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1469083

Abstract

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) (Solanales: Solanaceae) is one of the most important agricultural products consumed in the world. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs (Meloidogyne spp.)) are major pests that occur dramatically damage on pepper. However, the management of RKNs has some difficulties and one of the most effective methods is using resistant cultivars in infested areas. In this study, the efficiency of molecular markers linked to Me1 and N genes was investigated. The study was conducted in laboratory and under controlled conditions at Akdeniz University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection Nematology Laboratory in 2022. Pepper genotypes belonging to two main varieties (Charleston pepper and Bell pepper) were tested against S6 isolate of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood 1949 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae), and screened with molecular markers. As a result, molecular markers linked to two genes gave compatible results with pathologic tests. These markers can be successfully used for marker assisted selection in pepper genotypes.

Keywords

Meloidogyne incognita, pathologic tests, PCR primers, resistance

Thanks

The authors would like to thank Multi Tohum Tar. San. Tic. A.Ş., for providing pepper cultivars.

Biber (Capsicum annuum L.) (Solanales: Solanaceae)’ de Me1 ve N genlerine bağlı moleküler markörlerin etkinliğinin karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Biber (Capsicum annuum L.) (Solanales: Solanaceae) dünyada tüketilen en önemli tarımsal ürünlerinden biridir. Kök-ur nematodları (Meloidogyne spp.) biberde ciddi hasara neden olan başlıca zararlılardır. Ancak Kök-ur nematodlarının mücadelesinde bazı zorluklar vardır ve bulaşık bölgelerde en etkili mücadele yöntemlerden biri dayanıklı çeşitlerin kullanılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada Me1 ve N genlerine bağlı moleküler belirteçlerin etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışma, 2022 yılında Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü Nematoloji laboratuvarında, laboratuvar ve kontrollü iklim odası koşullarında yürütülmüştür. İki ana çeşide (Charleston biberi ve Dolma biberi) ait biber genotipleri Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood 1949 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) S6 izolatına karşı test edilmiş ve moleküler belirteçlerle taranmıştır. Sonuç olarak iki gene bağlı moleküler belirteçler patolojik testlerle uyumlu sonuçlar vermiştir. Bu belirteçler biber genotiplerinde markör destekli seleksiyonda başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabilir.

Keywords

Meloidogyne incognita, patolojik test, PCR primerler, dayanıklılık

References

• Abdel-Mageed, M. A., S. A. Montasser, A. F. El-Mesalamy, N. A. Mahmoud & A. S. S. Desoky, 2023. Screening of some popular Egyptian varieties of some Solanaceous vegetables against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica. Journal of Pesticide Science and Pest Control, 2 (1): 2833-0943.
• Barbary, A., A. Palloix, A. Fazari, N. Marteu, P. Castagnone-Sereno & C. Djian-Caporalino, 2014. The plant genetic background affects the efficiency of the pepper major nematode resistance genes Me1 and Me3. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 127 (2): 499-507.
• Barbary, A., C. Djian-Caporalino, N. Marteu, A. Fazari, B. Caromel, P. Castagnone-Sereno & A. Palloix, 2016. Plant genetic background increasing the efficiency and durability of major resistance genes to root-knot nematodes can be resolved into a few resistance QTLs. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7: 632 (1-9).
• Barka, G. D. & J. Lee, 2020. Molecular marker development and gene cloning for diverse disease resistance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): Current status and prospects. Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, 8 (2): 89-113.
• Bosland, P. W. & E. J. Votova, 2005. Genetic diversity of chile (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L.) landraces from northern New Mexico, Colorado, and Mexico. Economic Botany, 59 (1): 8-17.
• Bosland, P. W., E. J. Votava & E. M. Votava, 2012. “Introduction, 1-11”. In: Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicums (Eds. P. W. Bosland & E. J. Votava) CABI, Publishing, England, 229 pp.
• Bucki, P., I. Paran, R. Ozalvo, I. Iberkleid, L. Ganot & S. Braun Miyara, 2017. Pathogenic variability of Meloidogyne incognita populations occurring in pepper-production greenhouses in Israel toward Me1, Me3 and N pepper resistance genes. Plant Disease, 101 (8): 1391-1401.
• Castagnone-Sereno, P., M. Bongiovanni & C. Djian-Caporalino, 2001. New data on the specificity of the root-knot nematode resistance genes Me1 and Me3 in pepper. Plant Breeding, 120 (5): 429-433.
• Castagnone-Sereno, P., M. Bongiovanni, A. Palloix & A. Dalmasso, 1996. Selection for Meloidogyne incognita virulence against resistance genes from tomato and pepper and specificity of the virulence/resistance determinants. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 102 (6): 585-590.
• Çelik, I., M. A. Söğüt, E. Ozkaynak, S. Doganlar & A. Frary, 2016. Physical mapping of NBS-coding resistance genes to the Me-gene cluster on chromosome P9 reveals markers tightly linked to the N gene for root-knot nematode resistance in pepper. Molecular Breeding, 36: 137 (1-7).
• De Souza-Sobrinho, F., W. R. Maluf, L. A. Gomes & V. P. Campos, 2002. Inheritance of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita race 2 in the hot pepper cultivar Carolina Cayenne (Capsicum annuum L.). Genetics and Molecular Research, 1 (3): 271-279.
• Devran, Z. & M. A. Söğüt, 2009. Distribution and identification of root-knot nematodes from Turkey. Journal of Nematology, 41 (2): 128-133.
• Devran, Z. & M. A. Söğüt, 2011. Characterizing races of Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria in the West Mediterranean region of Turkey. Crop Protection, 30 (4): 451-455.
• Devran, Z. & M. A. Söğüt, 2014. Response of heat-stable tomato genotypes to Mi-1 virulent root-knot nematode populations. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 38 (3): 229-238.
• Devran, Z., B. Başköylü, A. Taner & F. Doğan, 2013. Comparison of PCR-based molecular markers for identification of Mi gene. Acta Agric Scandinavica Section B-Soil & Plant Science, 63 (5): 395-402.
• Devran, Z., E. Kahveci, E. Özkaynak, D. J. Studholme & M. Tör, 2015. Development of molecular markers tightly linked to Pvr4 gene in pepper using next-generation sequencing. Molecular Breeding, 35: 101 (1-9).
• Devran, Z., T. Özalp, D. J. Studholme & M. Tör, 2023. Mapping of the gene in tomato conferring resistance to root-knot nematodes at high soil temperature. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14: 1267399 (1-10).
• Djian-Caporalino, C., A. Fazari, M. J. Arguel, T. Vernie, C. VandeCasteele, I. Faure, G. Brunoud, L. Pijarowski, A. Palloix, V. Lefebvre & P. Abad, 2007. Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) Me resistance genes in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) are clustered on the P9 chromosome. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 114 (3): 473-486.
• Djian-Caporalino, C., L. Pijarowski, A. Fazari, M. Samson, L. Gaveau, C. O’byrne, V. Lefebvre, C. Caranta, A. Palloix & P. Abad, 2001. High-resolution genetic mapping of the pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) resistance loci Me3 and Me4 conferring heat-stable resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 103 (4): 592-600.
• Fazari, A., A. Palloix, L. Wang, M. Yan Hua, A. M. Sage‐Palloix, B. X. Zhang & C. Djian‐Caporalino, 2012. The root‐knot nematode resistance N‐gene co‐localizes in the Me‐genes cluster on the pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) P9 chromosome. Plant Breeding, 131 (5): 665-673.
• Francia, E., G. Tacconi, C. Crosatti, D. Barabaschi, D. Bulgarelli, E. Dall’Aglio & G. Valè, 2005. Marker assisted selection in crop plants. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 82 (3): 317-342.
• Fullana, A. M., A. Exposito, N. Escudero, M. Cunquero, P. Loza-Alvarez, A. Gine & F. J. Sorribas, 2023. Crop rotation with Meloidogyne-resistant germplasm is useful to manage and revert the (a) virulent populations of Mi1. 2 gene and reduce yield losses. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14: 1133095 (1-13).
• Göze Özdemir, F. G. & G. Uysal, 2018. Nematoda dayanıklı bazı biber gen kaynaklarında Meloidogyne javanica ırk 1 izolatları’nın patojenitesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22 (1): 272-282 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
• Gürkan, B., Z. Kantarcı, K. Karataş, T. Gürkan & R. Çetintaş, 2018. Bazı biber hat ve çeşitlerinin kontrollü şartlar altında Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 ırk 1’e karşı reaksiyonu. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 35 (2): 111-118 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
• Hartman, K. M. & J. N. Sasser,1985. “Identification of Meloidogyne Species on The Basis of Differential Host Test and Perineal Pattern Morphology, 69-77”. In: An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne, Vol. II. Methodology (Eds. K. R. Barker, C. C. Carter & J. N. Sasser). Printed by North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh, North Carolina, 223 pp.
• Hooper, D. J., 1986. “Extraction of Free Living Stages from Soil, 5-30”. In: Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes (Eds. J. F. Southey). Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 148 pp.
• Hussey, R. S. & K. R. Barker, 1973. A comparison of methods of collecting inocula of Meloidogyne spp., including a new technique. Plant Disease Reports, 57 (12): 1025-1028.
• Jones, J. T., A. Haegeman, E. G. Danchin, H. S. Gaur, J. Helder, M. G. Jones & R. N. Perry, 2013. Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology. Molecular Plant Pathology, 14 (9): 946-961.
• Liu, Y., H. Cao, J. Ling, Y. Yang, Y. Li, B. Xie & Z. Mao, 2023. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of the pepper resistance gene Me3 to root-knot nematode. Horticultural Plant Journal, 9 (1): 133-144.
• Lizardo, R. C. M., M. S. Pinili, M. G. Q. Diaz & C. J. R. Cumagun, 2022. Screening for resistance in selected tomato varieties against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in the Philippines using a molecular marker and biochemical analysis. Plants, 11 (10): 1354.
• Lu, R., R. Van Beers, W. Saeys, C. Li & H. Cen, 2020. Measurement of optical properties of fruits and vegetables: a review. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 159: 111003 (1-17).
• Mao, Z., P. Zhu, F. Liu, Y. Huang, J. Ling, G. Chen, Y. Yang, D. Feng & B. Xie, 2015. Cloning and functional analyses of pepper CaRKNR involved in Meloidogyne incognita resistance. Euphytica, 205: 903-913.
• Mıstanoğlu, İ., T. Özalp & Z. Devran, 2016. Response of tomato seedlings with different number of true leaves to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 40 (4): 377-383.
• Nadeem, M. A., M. A. Nawaz, M. Q. Shahid, Y. Doğan, G. Comertpay, M. Yıldız & F. S. Baloch, 2018. DNA molecular markers in plant breeding: current status and recent advancements in genomic selection and genome editing. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 32 (2): 261-285.
• Nas, Y., T. Özalp & Z. Devran, 2023. Screening of Urfa pepper landraces for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 130 (1): 77-83.
• Özalp, T. & Z. Devran, 2018. Response of tomato plants carrying Mi-1 gene to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 under high soil temperatures. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 42 (4): 313-322.
• Özkaynak, E., Z. Devran, E. Kahveci, S. Doğanlar, B. Başköylü, F. Doğan & M. Yüksel, 2014. Pyramiding multiple genes for resistance to PVY, TSWV and PMMoV in pepper using molecular markers. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 79 (4): 233-239.
• Pinar, H., N. Mutlu, A. Ozaslandan, D. Argun, D. Keles & R. Canhilal, 2016. Reliability assessment of molecular markers linked to resistance genes against Meloidogyne spp. in diverse peppers genotypes. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26 (3): 515-521.
• Pinto, C. M. F., I. C. Santos & S. de Araujo de, 2016. “Pepper Importance and Growth (Capsicum spp.), 1-25”. In: Production and Breeding of Chilli Peppers (Capsicum spp.) (Eds. E. R. do Rêgo, M. M. do Rego & F. L. Finger) Springer Nature, Switzerland, 141 pp.
• Pradhan, P., P. Naresh, S. Barik, G. C. Acharya, R. Bastia, A. K. Adamala & M. P. Das, 2023. Breeding for root-knot nematode resistance in fruiting Solanaceous vegetable crops: a review. Euphytica, 219: 71 (1-17).
• Rehak Biondić, T., J. Puškarić, B. Gerič Stare & M. Brmež, 2023. The status of Root-knot nematodes of the Meloidogyne genus in Croatia, with a special reference to the quarantine species. Poljoprivreda, 29 (1): 27-34.
• Talavera-Rubia, M., M. D. Vela-Delgado & S. Verdejo-Lucas, 2022. A cost-benefit analysis of soil disinfestation methods against root-knot nematodes in Mediterranean intensive horticulture. Plants, 11 (20): 2774.
• Thies, J. A. & J. J. Ariss, 2009. Comparison between the N and Me3 genes conferring resistance to the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in genetically different pepper lines (Capsicum annuum). European Journal of Plant Pathology, 125 (4): 545-550.
• Thies, J. A., J. D. Mueller & R. L. Fery, 1997. Effectiveness of resistance to southern root knot nematode in Carolina Cayenne pepper in greenhouse, microplot, and field tests. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 122 (2): 200‐204.
• Uncu, A. T., I. Celik, Z. Devran, E. Ozkaynak, A. Frary, A. Frary & S. Doganlar, 2015. Development of a SNP-based CAPS assay for the Me1 gene conferring resistance to root knot nematode in pepper. Euphytica, 206 (2): 393-399.
• Wang, D. & P. W. Bosland, 2006. The genes of Capsicum. HortScience, 41 (5): 1169-1187.
• Wang, L. H., X. H. Gu, M. Y. Hua, S. L. Mao, Z. H. Zhang, D. L. Peng, X. F. Yun & B. X. Zhang, 2009. A SCAR marker linked to the N gene for resistance to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 122 (2): 318-322.
• Wang, X., A. Fazari, Y. Cao, Z. Zhang, A. Palloix, S. Mao, B. Zhang, C. Djian-Caporalino & L. Wang, 2018. Fine mapping of the root- knot nematode resistance gene Me1 in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and development of markers tightly linked to Me1. Molecular Breeding, 38 (4): 1-10.