The in-vitro effects of white henna addition on the Candida albicans adhesion and physical properties of denture base resin

Abstract

Purpose This in-vitro study evaluated and compared the effect of white henna (WH) and natural henna (NH) addition on Candida albicans adhesion and physical properties of the denture base material. Materials and Methods A total of 243 acrylic resin specimens (9 per group) were divided as follows: 81 for flexural strength, 81 for Candida albicans adherence test, and 81 for surface roughness, translucency, and hardness. Heat-polymerized acrylic resin specimens were prepared by adding 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 wt% of WH or NH. Candida albicans adhesion was determined using direct culture and slide count methods. Flexural strength, surface roughness, hardness, and translucency were measured using the three-point bending test, profilometer, Vickers hardness test, and spectrophotometer, respectively. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s tests were performed for data analysis. Results Addition of 0.5% WH, 1% WH, and 0.5% NH to denture base resin significantly decreased Candida albicans adhesion (p<0.05). WH and NH significantly decreased the flexural strength and translucency, except 0.5% WH, and significantly increased surface roughness, except 0.5% WH and 0.5% NH. WH addition showed non-significant differences in the hardness, while NH addition significantly decreased hardness (p<0.05). Conclusion Addition of WH and NH decreased C. albicans adhesion to PMMA denture base resin. However, flexural strength, translucency, and surface roughness were adversely affected, particularly at higher concentrations. Hardness was reduced with NH only.

Keywords

• Antifungal agent
• Candida albicans; Dental prosthesis
• Henna
• Physical properties

References

1. 1. Gharechahi J, Asadzadeh N, Shahabain F, et al. Flexural Strength of Acrylic Resin Denture Bases Processed by Two Different Methods. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospect 2014;8:148-52. google scholar
2. 2. Rodriguez LS, Paleari AG, Giro G, et al. Chemical characterization and flexural strength of a denture base acrylic resin with monomer 2-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate. J Prosthodont 2013;22:292-7. [CrossRef] google scholar
3. 3. Valentini F, Luz MS, Boscato N, et al. Biofilm formation on denture liners in a randomised controlled in situ trial. J Dent 2013;41:420-7. [CrossRef] google scholar
4. 4. Campos MS, Marchini L, Bernardes LA, et al. Biofilm microbial communities of denture stomatitis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2008;23:419-24. [CrossRef] google scholar
5. 5. Salerno C, Pascale M, Contaldo M, et al. Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2011;16:139-43. [CrossRef] google scholar
6. 6. Dar-Odeh NS, Al-Beyari M, Abu-Hammad OA. The role of antifungal drugs in the management of denture-associated stomatitis. Int Ara j antimicro agents 2012;2:1-5. google scholar
7. 7. Bakhshi M, Taheri JB, Shabestari SB, et al. Comparison of therapeutic effect of aqueous extract of garlic and nystatin mouthwash in denture stomatitis. Gerodontology 2012;29:680-4. [CrossRef] google scholar
8. 8. Garcia-Cuesta C, Sarrion-Perez MG, Bagân JV. Current treatment of oral candidiasis: A literature review. J Clin Exp Dent 2014;6:576-82. [CrossRef] google scholar

9. 9. Gad MM, Fouda SM. Current perspectives and the future of Candida albicans-associated denture stomatitis treatment. Dent Med Probl 2020;57:95-102. [CrossRef] google scholar
10. 10. Alavarce RA, Saldanha LL, Almeida NL, et al. The beneficial effect of Equisetum giganteum L. against Candida biofilm formation: new approaches to denture stomatitis. Evidence-Based Complem Alternat Med 2015;2015:939625. [CrossRef] google scholar
11. 11. Marcos-Arias C, Eraso E, Madariaga L, et al. In vitro activities of natural products against oral Candida isolates from denture wearers. BMC Complement Altern Med 2011;26:119. [CrossRef] google scholar
12. 12. Al-Thobity AM, Al-Khalifa KS, Gad MM, et al. In Vitro Evaluation of the Inhibitory Activity of Thymoquinone in Combatting Candida albicans in Denture Stomatitis Prevention. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017;14:743. [CrossRef] google scholar
13. 13. Hamid SK, Al-Dubayan AH, Al-Awami H, et al. In vitro assessment of the antifungal effects of neem powder added to polymethyl methacrylate denture base material. J Clin Exp Dent 2019;11:170-8. [CrossRef] google scholar
14. 14. Nawasrah A, AlNimr A, Ali AA. Antifungal effect of henna against Candida albicans adhered to acrylic resin as a possible method for prevention of denture stomatitis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016;13:520. [CrossRef] google scholar
15. 15. Marcos-Arias C, Eraso E, Madariaga L, et al. In vitro activities of natural products against oral Candida isolates from denture wearers. BMC Complement Altern Med 2011;26:119. [CrossRef] google scholar
16. 16. Tripathi RD, Srivastava HS, Dixit SN. A fungitoxic principle from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis Linn. Experientia 1978;34:51-2. [CrossRef] google scholar
17. 17. Yaralizadeh M, Abedi P, Namjoyan F, et al. A comparison of the effects of Lawsonia inermis (Iranian henna) and clotrimazole on Candida albicans in rats. J Mycol Med 2018;28:419-23. [CrossRef] google scholar
18. 18. Kandil HH, AlGhanem MM, Sarwat MA, et al. Henna (Lawsonia inermis Linn) inducing haemolysis among G6PD-defcient newborns. A new clinical observation. Ann Trop Paediatr 1996;16:287-91. [CrossRef] google scholar
19. 19. Kirkland D, Marzin D. An assessment of the genotoxicity of 2-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone, the natural dye ingredient of Henna. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2003;537:183-99. [CrossRef] google scholar
20. 20. Marzin D, Kirkland D. 2-Hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone, the natural dye of Henna, is non-genotoxic in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and does not produce oxidative DNA damage in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2004;560:41-7. [CrossRef] google scholar
21. 21. Gad MM, Rahoma A, Nawasrah A, et al. Influence of Henna Addition on The Flexural Strength of Acrylic Denture Base Material: An In Vitro Study. ADJ-for Girls 2018;5: 277-83. [CrossRef] google scholar
22. 22. Herbst, Heinz, and Urs Stadler. Mixtures of phenolic and inorganic materials with antimicrobial activity. U.S. Patent 6,585,989, July 1, 2003. google scholar
23. 23. American Dental Association, Revised American Dental Association Specification N.12 for denture base polymers. J Am Dent Assoc 1975;90:451-8. [CrossRef] google scholar
24. 24. Nawasrah A, Gad MM, El Zayat M. Effect of Henna Addition on the Surface Roughness and Hardness of Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Material: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19:732-8. [CrossRef] google scholar
25. 25. Gad MM, Al-Thobity AM, Fouda SM, et al. Flexural and Surface Properties of PMMA Denture Base Material Modified with Thymoquinone as an Antifungal Agent. J Prosthodont 2020;29:243-50. [CrossRef] google scholar
26. 26. Gad MM, Abualsaud R, Rahoma A, et al. Double-layered acrylic resin denture base with nanoparticle additions: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2020;S0022-3913:30555-2. [CrossRef] google scholar
27. 27. Al-Harbi FA, Abdel-Halim MS, et al. Effect of Nanodiamond Addition on Flexural Strength, Impact Strength, and Surface Roughness of PMMA Denture Base. J Prosthodont 2019;28:417-25. [CrossRef] google scholar
28. 28. Murat S, Alp G, Alatalı C, et al. In Vitro Evaluation of Adhesion of Candida albicans on CAD/CAM PMMA-Based Polymers. J Prosthodont 2019;28:873-9. [CrossRef] google scholar
29. 29. Sivakumar I, Arunachalam KS, Sajjan S, et al. Incorporation of antimicrobial macromolecules in acrylic denture base resins: A research composition and update. J Prosthodont 2014;23:284-90. [CrossRef] google scholar
30. 30. Kanie T, Arikawa H, Fujii K, et al. Physical and mechanical properties of PMMA resins containing gammamethacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. J Oral Rehabil 2004;31:166-71. [CrossRef] google scholar
31. 31. AlBin-Ameer MA, Alsrheed MY, Aldukhi IA, et al. Effect of Protective Coating on Surface Properties and Candida albicans Adhesion to Denture Base Materials. J Prosthodont 2020;29:80-6. [CrossRef] google scholar
32. 32. Fouda SM, Gad MM, Ellakany P, et al. The effect of nanodiamonds on Candida albicans adhesion and surface characteristics of PMMA denture base material - an in vitro study. J Appl Oral Sci 2019;27:20180779. [CrossRef] google scholar
33. 33. Pereira-Cenci T, Del Bel Cury AA, Crielaard W, Ten Cate JM. Development of Candida-associated denture stomatitis: new insights. J Appl Oral Sci 2008;16:86-94. [CrossRef] google scholar
34. 34. Zappini G, Kammann A, Wachter W. Comparison of fracture tests of denture base materials. J Prosthet Dent 2003;90:578-85. [CrossRef] google scholar
35. 35. Aydogan Ayaz E, Durkan R, Bagis B. The effect of acrylamide incorporation on the thermal and physical properties of denture resins. J Adv Prosthodont 2013;5:110-7. [CrossRef] google scholar