Synthesizing Social Constructivism and Cybergogy for Student Engagement in Open Distance and e-Learning (ODeL) Environments: An Integrative Review and Framework

Abstract

This paper synthesizes and integrates the concepts of social constructivism theory and the cybergogy framework to provide a comprehensive understanding of technology use to enhance student engagement in open distance and e-learning (ODeL) contexts. To meet this objective, we conducted an integrative review of the literature to map the conceptual terrain of current literature on student engagement in ODeL environments. The literature search was conducted across five databases, and themes were extracted from the literature to provide new perspectives and insights on student engagement in ODeL. The study underscores the role of facilitating technologies in ODeL. We found that student engagement in ODeL depends on developing an active digital pedagogy that promotes student empowerment and a sense of agency to apply digital tools to interact, collaborate, and enable purposefulness in the learning process. The findings also suggest that academic instructors require institutional support through training and continuous professional development to effectively utilize digital technologies to enhance student engagement. Additionally, ODeL institutions should be aware of the hidden workload impact on instructors that implementing active digital pedagogies for student engagement has. Therefore, instructors also require support with workload management interventions. Based on these findings, we develop a conceptual framework for engaged learning in ODeL environments.

Keywords

• Student engagement
• Social constructivism
• Cybergogy
• Digital pedagogy
• Open distance and e-learning (ODeL)

References

1. Bagriacik Yilmaz, A., & Banyard, P. (2020). Engagement in distance education settings: A trend analysis. In Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 21(1), 101-120.
2. Bates, A. W. (2019). Teaching in the digital age: Guidelines for teaching and learning (2nd ed.). Tony Bates Associates Ltd. Retrieved from https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/teachinginadigitalagev2/
3. Bergdahl, N., Nouri, J., & Fors, U. (2020). Disengagement, engagement and digital skills in technology-enhanced learning. Education and Information Technologies, 25(2), 957–983.