Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

İklim Riskinin Gölgesinde Sermaye Piyasaları: Türk İmalat Sektöründe Bir Araştırma

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 1675 - 1695, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1674151
https://izlik.org/JA72DU25JX

Abstract

Bu çalışmada iklim risklerinin Türkiye’deki imalat işletmelerinin hisse senedi getirileri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören 68 adet imalat işletmesinin 2000-2022 yılları arasındaki yıllık verileri ile heteroskedastisite ve kesitsel bağımlılığa dayanıklı Driscoll-Kraay standart hatalarına sahip panel veri regresyonu kullanılarak analiz yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları geçiş iklim riski olarak sınıflandırılan karbon emisyonlarının hisse senedi getirileri üzerinde istatistiksel olarak zayıf bir anlamlılık düzeyinde (p<0.10) anlamlı ve negatif etkisi olduğunu, ancak yağış ve sıcaklık miktarının anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sonuç yatırımcılar tarafından geçiş risklerinin hisse senedi değerlemelerine dahil edildiğini ve karbon risklerinin fiyatlandığını göstermektedir. Karbon emisyonlarının artışı piyasa tarafından maliyetli ve riskli olarak algılanmakta ve bu da hisse senedi getirilerini düşürmektedir. Bununla birlikte büyüme fırsatları, piyasa/defter değeri oranı ve net kâr marjı gibi firma düzeyindeki finansal göstergeler ile enflasyon ve faiz oranları gibi makroekonomik faktörler de getirileri etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, yatırım kararlarında çevresel faktörlerin gittikçe artan önemini vurgulamakta ve politika yapıcılara öneriler sunmaktadır.

References

  • Abdullah, D.A. and Hayworth, S.C. (1993). Macroeconometrics of stock price fluctuations. Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, 32(1), 50–67. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/
  • Acaravcı, Kakilli, S., Ural, T. ve Karaömer, Y. (2018). Hisse senedi getirisi ve sermaye yapısı ilişkisine etki eden faktörlerin yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile analizi. İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 6(4), 26-38. https://doi.org/10.32479/iicd.152
  • Addoum, J.M., Ng, D.T. and Ortiz-Bobea, A. (2020). Temperature shocks and establishment sales. Review of Financial Studies, 33(3), 1331–1366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2023.07.002
  • Akalın M. (2014). İklim değişikliğinin tarım üzerindeki etkileri: Bu etkileri gidermeye yönelik uyum ve azaltım stratejileri. Hitit Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(2), 351-377. https://doi.org/10.17218/husbed.87012
  • Aktas, M. (2009). İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsasında hisse senedi getirilileri ile ilişkili olan finansal oranların araştırılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2), 137-150. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iuisletme/
  • Akyol, H. (2022). İklim değişikliği Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme için bir risk oluşturur mu? Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 5(1), 179-195. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.996986
  • Alagidede, P. and Panagiotidis, T. (2010). Can common stocks provide a hedge against inflation? Evidence from African countries. Review of Financial Economics, 19(3), 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rfe.2010.04.002
  • Albanese M., Caporale G.M., Colell, I. and Spagnolo, N. (2025). The effects of physical and transition climate risk on stock markets: Some multi-country evidence. International Economics, 181, 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4882441
  • Amel-Zadeh, A. (2021). The financial materiality of climate change: Evidence from a global survey (SSRN Working Paper No. 3295184). Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3295184
  • Aminah, L.S. (2021). The effect of current ratio, net profıt margin, and return on assets on stock return. Marginal Journal of Management Accounting General Finance and International Economic Issues 1(1), 1-9. doi:10.55047/marginal.v1i1.8
  • Antoniuk, Y. (2023). The effect of climate disclosure on stock market performance: Evidence from Norway. Sustainable Development, 31, 1008–1026. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2437
  • Anwar, Y. and Rahmalia, L. (2019). The effect of return on equity, earning per share, and price earning ratio on stock prices. The Accounting Journal of BINANIAGA, 4(1),57-66. doi:10.33062/ajb.v4i01.360
  • Aras, G. and Yılmaz M.K. (2008). Price-earnings ratio, dividend yield, and market-to-book ratio to predict return on stock market: Evidence from the emerging markets. Journal of Global Business and Technology, 4(1), 18-30. Retrieved from https://gbata.org/journal-of-global-business-and-technology-jgbat/
  • Ardia, D., Bluteau, K., Boudt, K. and Inghelbrecht, K. (2024). Climate change concerns and the performance of green vs. brown stocks. Management Science, 69(12), 7607-7632. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4636
  • Assefa, T.A., Esqueda O.A. and Mollick, A.E. (2017). Stock returns and interest rates around the World: A panel data approach. Journal of Economics and Business, 89, 20-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2016.10.001
  • Bai, J. and Ng, S. (2004). A PANIC attack on unit roots and cointegration. Econometrica, 72(4), 1127-1177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00528.x
  • Balvers, R., Du, D. and Zhao, X. (2017). Temperature shocks and the cost of equity capital: Implications for climate change perceptions. Journal of Banking & Finance, 77, 18–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2016.12.013
  • Bansal, R., Ochoa, M. and Kiku, D. (2017). Climate change and growth risks (NBER Working Paper No: 23009) Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2892433
  • Başoğlu, A. (2014). Küresel iklim değişikliğinin ekonomik etkileri. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,7, 175-196. Erişim adresi: https://www.ktu.edu.tr/
  • Başoğlu, A. ve Telatar, O.M. (2013). İklim değişikliğinin etkileri: Tarım sektörü üzerine ekonometrik bir uygulama. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6, 7-25. Erişim adresi: https://www.ajindex.com/
  • Bolton, P. and Kacperczyk, M. (2021). Do investors care about carbon risk? Journal of Financial Economics, 142(2), 517- 549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.05.008
  • Boungou, W. and Urom, C. (2023). Climate change-related risks and bank stock returns. Economics Letters, 224(4), 111011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2023.111011
  • Boungou, W. and Yatie, A. (2022). Climate change and global stock market returns. Economics Bulletin, 42(4), 1888-1900. Retrieved from https://hal.science/
  • Cassola, N., Morana, C. and Ossola, E. (2024). Climate change risk pricing in the European stock market. Applied Economics, 57(58), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2024.2425447
  • Cengiz, H. ve Püskül, A.S.Ö. (2016). Hisse senedi getirileri ve kârlılık arasındaki ilişki: Borsa İstanbul endeksinde işlem gören işletmelerin analizi. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(12), 295-306. https://doi.org/10.17828/yalovasosbil.289021
  • CFA. (2020). Climate change analysis in the investment process. Retrieved from https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/
  • Chang, C.-L., Ilomäki, J., Laurila, H. and McAleer, M. (2020). Causality between CO2 emissions and stock markets. Energies, 13(11), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112893
  • Cheema-Fox, A., LaPerla, B.R., Serafeim, G., Turkington, D. and Wang, H. (2021). Decarbonizing everything. Financial Analysts Journal, 77(3), 1–16. doi:10.1080/0015198X.2021.1909943
  • Chen, Y. and Sharma, A. (2024). How much does climate-related risk impact stock and commodity markets: A comparative study of the US and China. Finance Research Letters, 62, 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105134
  • Chen, Y., Mamor R., Spagnolo, F. and Spagnolo, D. (2024) Stock market returns and climate risk in the U.S. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 77, 100887. doi:10.1016/j.mulfin.2024.100887
  • Choudhry, I. (2001). Inflation and rates of return on stocks: Evidence from high inflation countries. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 11(1), 75-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1042-4431(00)00037-8
  • Curtin, J., McInerney, C., Gallachóir, B.Ó., Hickey, C., Deane, P. and Deeney, P. (2019). Quantifying stranding risk for fossil fuel assets and implications for renewable energy investment: A review of the literature. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 116, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109402
  • Demiralp, M. (2022). İklim değişikliğinin turizm üzerine etkisi. Çevre Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, 1(2), 251-272. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6560-7768
  • Ding, Y., Sun, C. and Xu, J. (2020). Climate change and industrial performance: Evidence from remote sensing data (SSRN Working Paper No. 3637698). Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3637698
  • Driscoll, J. and Kraay, A.C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent data. Review of Economics and Statistics, 80, 549-560. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465398557825
  • Ege, İ. ve Bayrakdaroğlu, A. (2009). İMKB şirketlerinin hisse senedi getiri başarılarının lojistik regresyon tekniği ile analizi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 5(10), 139-158. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijmeb/
  • Engle, R.F., Giglio, S., Kelly, B., Lee, H. and Stroebel, J. (2020). Hedging climate change news. Review of Financial Studies, 33(3), 1184–1216. doi:10.1093/rfs/hhz072
  • EPA. (2025). Recommendations of the task force on climate-related financial disclosures. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/climate-risks-and-opportunities-defined
  • Fafchamps, M., Udry, C. and Czukas, K. (1998). Drought and saving in West Africa: Are livestock a buffer stock? Journal of Development Economics, 55(2), 273-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(98)00037-6
  • Fedorova, E. and Iasakova, P. (2024). The impact of climate change news on the US stock market. The Journal of Risk Finance, 25(2), 293-320. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRF-06-2023-0133
  • Ge, Z., Liu, O and Wei, Z. (2024). Assessment of bank risk exposure considering climate transition risks. Finance Research Letters, 67, 105903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105903
  • Gong, X., Song, Y., Fu, C. and Li, H. (2023). Climate risk and stock performance of fossil fuel companies: An international analysis. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money,89, 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2023.101884
  • Gorganli, J. and Vakilifard, H. (2014). The effect of firm size and growth opportunity on accounting discretion and its relationship with future stock return (management opportunism test). European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 3(3), 511-521. Retrieved from https://european-science.com/eojnss/
  • Graham, F.C. (1996). Inflation, real stock returns, and monetary policy. Applied Financial Economics, 6(1), 29–35. doi:10.1080/096031096334448
  • Gündüz, Ç. (2025). The impact of climate change on financial performance of the electricity industry: The case of Türkiye. Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(1), 92-106. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1588558
  • Güriş, S. (2015). Stata ile panel veri modelleri (1.bs.) İstanbul: DER Yayınları.
  • Güriş, S. ve Pala, A. (2016). Hisse senedi getirisi ve firma karakteristikleri arasındaki ilişkinin Borsa İstanbul üzerinde test edilmesi: Panel veri modeli uygulaması. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 8(15), 413-421. https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.266453
  • Hayaloğlu, P. (2019). İklim değişikliğinin tarım sektörü ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(25), 51-62. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gumus/
  • Hong, H., Li, F.W. and Xu, J. (2019), Climate risks and market efficiency. Journal of Econometrics, 208(1), 265-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2018.09.015
  • Horasan, M. (2010). Firma büyüklüğünün hisse senedi getirilerine etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(1), 327-339. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ataunisosbil/
  • Hsu, P.H., Li, K. and Tsou, C.H. (2022). The pollution premium. Journal of Finance, 78(3), 1-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3578215
  • Ibrahim, M.H. and Aziz, H. (2003). Macroeconomic variables and the Malaysian equity market: A view through rolling subsamples. Journal of Economic Studies, 30(1), 6-27. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443580310455241
  • İçke, B.T. ve Aytürk, Y. (2012). Fiyat- kazanç oranı etkisinin değer yatırım stratejileri kapsamında analizi: İMKB için ampirik bir uygulama. Öneri Dergisi, 9(35), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.14783/od.v9i35.1012000255
  • Jiang, R. and Weng, C. (2019). Climate change risk and agriculture-related stocks (SSRN Working Paper No. 3506311). Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3506311
  • Jin, Z. and Cairang, A. (2025). Impact of climate risk on airline stock price volatility. Finance Research Letters,73, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.106648
  • Jung, H. and Song, C.K. (2023). Managerial perspectives on climate change and stock price crash risk. Finance Research Letters, 51, 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.103410
  • Kalisa, W., Zhang, J., Igbawua, T., Ujoh, F., Ebohon, O. J., Namugize, J.N. and Yao, F. (2020). Spatio-temporal analysis of drought and return periods over the East African region using Standardized Precipitation Index from 1920 to 2016. Agricultural Water Management, 237, 106195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106195
  • Karaca, Y.S. ve Başcı, Y.S. (2011). Hisse senedi performansını etkileyen rasyolar ve İMKB 30 endeksinde 2001-2009 dönemi panel veri analizi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(3), 337-347. Erişim adresi: http://acikerisim.sdu.edu.tr/
  • Kaya, V., Çömlekçi, İ. ve Kara, O. (2015). Hisse senedi getirilerini etkileyen makroekonomik değişkenler 2002–2012 Türkiye Örneği. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 35, 167-176. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/dpusbe
  • Kessel, R.A. (1956). Inflation-caused wealth redistribution: A test of hypothesis. The American Economic Review, 46(1), 128–41. https://doi.org/10.2307/1055959
  • Khan, M.I. (2009). Price earning ratio and market to book ratio. IUB Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(2), 103-112. Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/
  • Kılıç, C. (2009). Küresel iklim değişikliği çerçevesinde sürdürülebilir kalkınma çabaları ve Türkiye. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2), 19-41. Erişim adresi: https://esjournal.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/
  • Kızılkaya, O. ve Mike, F. (2023). İklim değişikliğinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: Türkiye üzerine ampirik bir değerlendirme. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 57, 403-411. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1169890
  • Krueger, P., Sautner, Z. and Starks, L.T. (2020). The importance of climate risks for institutional investors. Review of Financial Studies, 33(3), 1067–1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3235190
  • Kurtaran, A. (2014). Hisse senedi değerlendirme yöntemlerinin yatırım kararlarındaki başarısının değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 13, 155-168. https://doi.org/10.18092/ijeas.41110
  • Kusmayadi, D., Rahman, R. and Abdullah, Y. (2018). Analysis of the effect of net profit margin, price to book value, and debt to equity ratio on stock return. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 9(7F), 28091-28095. doi:10.24327/IJRSR
  • Lee, B.-S. (1992). Causal relations among stock returns, interest rates, real activity, and inflation. The Journal of Finance, 47(4), 1591–1603. https://doi.org/10.2307/2328955
  • Li, C., Liu, Y. and Pan, L. (2024). A study of impact of climate change on the U.S. stock market as exemplified by the NASDAQ 100 index constituents. Scientific Reports 14(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66109-7
  • Nargeleçekenler, M. (2011). Hisse senedi fiyatları ve fiyat/kazanç oranı ilişkisi: Panel verilerle sektörel bir analiz. Business and Economics Research Journal, 2(2), 165-184. Erişim adresi: https://www.berjournal.com/tr/
  • Özgür, C. (2019). A panel ARDL application on the research of the relationships between stock returns and financial ratios. Istanbul Management Journal, 86, 97-112. http://doi.org/10.26650/imj.2019.86.0005
  • Özmen, M., Karlılar, S. ve Karlılar, G. (2017). Türkiye için döviz kuru, faiz ve enflasyonun hisse senedi getirileri üzerine etkileri. Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 107-120. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cuiibfd/
  • Pástor, L., Stambaugh, R.F. and Taylor, L.A. (2022). Dissecting green returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 146(2), 403-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2022.07.007
  • Penzin, D., Isah, K.O. and Salisu, A.A. (2024). Climate change-stock return volatility nexus in advanced economies: The role of technology shocks. Journal of Economic Studies, 52(1), 119-135. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-08-2023-0419
  • Pulungan, D.R. and Insan, M.Y. (2020). Effect of net profit margin and return on equity on the stock price. International Journal of Economic, Technology and Social Sciences, 1(2), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.53695/injects.v1i1.58
  • Schober, P., Boer, C. and Schwarte, L.A. (2018). Correlation coefficients: Appropriate use and interpretation. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 126, 1763-1768. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864
  • Sevim, B. ve Zeydan, Ö. (2007). İklim değişikliğinin Türkiye turizmine etkileri. Çeşme Ulusal Turizm Sempozyumu’nda sunulan bildiri, Çeşme, İzmir. Erişim adresi: https://acikerisim.kastamonu.edu.tr/items/71dd6601-deea-4e10-8c3b-ebe89d009cd8/
  • Şişman, M.E., Çömlekçi, İ. ve Şahin, Ö. (2017). Hisse senedi fiyatını etkileyen işletme düzeyindeki faktörler: Borsa İstanbul’da bir uygulama. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(11), 88-107. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bsbd/
  • Tankov, P. and Tantet, A. (2019). Climate data for physical risk assessment in finance (SSRN Working Paper No. 3480156) Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3480156
  • Terim, B. ve Kayalı, C.A. (2009). Sermaye yapısını belirleyici etmenler: Türkiye’de imalat sanayi örneği. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 125-154. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cbayarsos
  • Titman, S. and Warga, A. (1989). Stock returns as predictors of interest rates and inflation. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 24(1), 47-58. doi:10.2307/2330747
  • Tommaso, C., Matteo, F. and Pacelli, V. (2024) The impact of climate policy uncertainty on the Italian financial market. Finance Research Letters, 69, 106094https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.106094
  • Trigeorgis, L. and Lambertides, N. (2014). The role of growth options in explaining stock returns. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 49(3), 749-771. doi:10.1017/S0022109014000118
  • Venturini, A. (2022). Climate change, risk factors and stock returns: A review of the literature. International Review of Financial Analysis,79, 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101934
  • Widodo, P.A., Isman, Hidayat, S. and Risdayani (2023). Spearman and Pearson correlation tests: Analyzing negative and car correlation in Indonesian Islamic finance (2021-2023). Paper presented at the International Summit on Science, Technology, and Humanity. Retrieved from https://proceedings.ums.ac.id/iseth/article/view/5327
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2012). Panel veri ekonometrisi (1.bs.). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2016). Panel veri eknoometrisi Stata uygulamalı (3. bs.). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2020). İleri panel veri analizi Stata uygulamalı (4. bs.). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Yıldırım, S., Ögel, S. ve Alhajrabee, O. (2020). Enflasyon ve faiz oranlarının hisse senedi getirilerine etkisinin araştırılması: BIST mali endeksi üzerinde ampirik uygulama. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(17), 185-191. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bsbd/

Capital Markets in The Shadow of Climate Risk: Evidence from the Turkish Manufacturing Sector

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 1675 - 1695, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1674151
https://izlik.org/JA72DU25JX

Abstract

This study examines the impact of climate risks on the stock returns of manufacturing enterprises in Turkey. For this purpose, annual data between 2000-2022 of 68 manufacturing enterprises traded on Borsa Istanbul and whose data can be accessed continuously are used, and the analysis is carried out with panel data regression with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors resistant to heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence. The results of the study reveal that carbon emissions, classified as transition climate risk, have a statistically significant and negative effect on stock returns at a weak significance level (p<0.10), but the amount of precipitation and temperature do not have a significant effect. This result shows that transition risks are included in stock valuations by investors and carbon risks are priced. The increase in carbon emissions is perceived as costly and risky by the market, which reduces stock returns. In addition, firm-level financial indicators such as growth opportunities, price-to-book value ratio, and net profit margin, and macroeconomic factors such as inflation and interest rates, also affect returns. This study emphasizes the increasing importance of environmental factors in investment decisions and offers suggestions to policymakers.

References

  • Abdullah, D.A. and Hayworth, S.C. (1993). Macroeconometrics of stock price fluctuations. Quarterly Journal of Business and Economics, 32(1), 50–67. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/
  • Acaravcı, Kakilli, S., Ural, T. ve Karaömer, Y. (2018). Hisse senedi getirisi ve sermaye yapısı ilişkisine etki eden faktörlerin yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile analizi. İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 6(4), 26-38. https://doi.org/10.32479/iicd.152
  • Addoum, J.M., Ng, D.T. and Ortiz-Bobea, A. (2020). Temperature shocks and establishment sales. Review of Financial Studies, 33(3), 1331–1366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2023.07.002
  • Akalın M. (2014). İklim değişikliğinin tarım üzerindeki etkileri: Bu etkileri gidermeye yönelik uyum ve azaltım stratejileri. Hitit Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(2), 351-377. https://doi.org/10.17218/husbed.87012
  • Aktas, M. (2009). İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsasında hisse senedi getirilileri ile ilişkili olan finansal oranların araştırılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2), 137-150. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iuisletme/
  • Akyol, H. (2022). İklim değişikliği Türkiye’de ekonomik büyüme için bir risk oluşturur mu? Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 5(1), 179-195. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.996986
  • Alagidede, P. and Panagiotidis, T. (2010). Can common stocks provide a hedge against inflation? Evidence from African countries. Review of Financial Economics, 19(3), 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rfe.2010.04.002
  • Albanese M., Caporale G.M., Colell, I. and Spagnolo, N. (2025). The effects of physical and transition climate risk on stock markets: Some multi-country evidence. International Economics, 181, 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4882441
  • Amel-Zadeh, A. (2021). The financial materiality of climate change: Evidence from a global survey (SSRN Working Paper No. 3295184). Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3295184
  • Aminah, L.S. (2021). The effect of current ratio, net profıt margin, and return on assets on stock return. Marginal Journal of Management Accounting General Finance and International Economic Issues 1(1), 1-9. doi:10.55047/marginal.v1i1.8
  • Antoniuk, Y. (2023). The effect of climate disclosure on stock market performance: Evidence from Norway. Sustainable Development, 31, 1008–1026. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2437
  • Anwar, Y. and Rahmalia, L. (2019). The effect of return on equity, earning per share, and price earning ratio on stock prices. The Accounting Journal of BINANIAGA, 4(1),57-66. doi:10.33062/ajb.v4i01.360
  • Aras, G. and Yılmaz M.K. (2008). Price-earnings ratio, dividend yield, and market-to-book ratio to predict return on stock market: Evidence from the emerging markets. Journal of Global Business and Technology, 4(1), 18-30. Retrieved from https://gbata.org/journal-of-global-business-and-technology-jgbat/
  • Ardia, D., Bluteau, K., Boudt, K. and Inghelbrecht, K. (2024). Climate change concerns and the performance of green vs. brown stocks. Management Science, 69(12), 7607-7632. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4636
  • Assefa, T.A., Esqueda O.A. and Mollick, A.E. (2017). Stock returns and interest rates around the World: A panel data approach. Journal of Economics and Business, 89, 20-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2016.10.001
  • Bai, J. and Ng, S. (2004). A PANIC attack on unit roots and cointegration. Econometrica, 72(4), 1127-1177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00528.x
  • Balvers, R., Du, D. and Zhao, X. (2017). Temperature shocks and the cost of equity capital: Implications for climate change perceptions. Journal of Banking & Finance, 77, 18–34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2016.12.013
  • Bansal, R., Ochoa, M. and Kiku, D. (2017). Climate change and growth risks (NBER Working Paper No: 23009) Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2892433
  • Başoğlu, A. (2014). Küresel iklim değişikliğinin ekonomik etkileri. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,7, 175-196. Erişim adresi: https://www.ktu.edu.tr/
  • Başoğlu, A. ve Telatar, O.M. (2013). İklim değişikliğinin etkileri: Tarım sektörü üzerine ekonometrik bir uygulama. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6, 7-25. Erişim adresi: https://www.ajindex.com/
  • Bolton, P. and Kacperczyk, M. (2021). Do investors care about carbon risk? Journal of Financial Economics, 142(2), 517- 549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.05.008
  • Boungou, W. and Urom, C. (2023). Climate change-related risks and bank stock returns. Economics Letters, 224(4), 111011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2023.111011
  • Boungou, W. and Yatie, A. (2022). Climate change and global stock market returns. Economics Bulletin, 42(4), 1888-1900. Retrieved from https://hal.science/
  • Cassola, N., Morana, C. and Ossola, E. (2024). Climate change risk pricing in the European stock market. Applied Economics, 57(58), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2024.2425447
  • Cengiz, H. ve Püskül, A.S.Ö. (2016). Hisse senedi getirileri ve kârlılık arasındaki ilişki: Borsa İstanbul endeksinde işlem gören işletmelerin analizi. Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(12), 295-306. https://doi.org/10.17828/yalovasosbil.289021
  • CFA. (2020). Climate change analysis in the investment process. Retrieved from https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/
  • Chang, C.-L., Ilomäki, J., Laurila, H. and McAleer, M. (2020). Causality between CO2 emissions and stock markets. Energies, 13(11), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112893
  • Cheema-Fox, A., LaPerla, B.R., Serafeim, G., Turkington, D. and Wang, H. (2021). Decarbonizing everything. Financial Analysts Journal, 77(3), 1–16. doi:10.1080/0015198X.2021.1909943
  • Chen, Y. and Sharma, A. (2024). How much does climate-related risk impact stock and commodity markets: A comparative study of the US and China. Finance Research Letters, 62, 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105134
  • Chen, Y., Mamor R., Spagnolo, F. and Spagnolo, D. (2024) Stock market returns and climate risk in the U.S. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 77, 100887. doi:10.1016/j.mulfin.2024.100887
  • Choudhry, I. (2001). Inflation and rates of return on stocks: Evidence from high inflation countries. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 11(1), 75-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1042-4431(00)00037-8
  • Curtin, J., McInerney, C., Gallachóir, B.Ó., Hickey, C., Deane, P. and Deeney, P. (2019). Quantifying stranding risk for fossil fuel assets and implications for renewable energy investment: A review of the literature. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 116, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109402
  • Demiralp, M. (2022). İklim değişikliğinin turizm üzerine etkisi. Çevre Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, 1(2), 251-272. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6560-7768
  • Ding, Y., Sun, C. and Xu, J. (2020). Climate change and industrial performance: Evidence from remote sensing data (SSRN Working Paper No. 3637698). Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3637698
  • Driscoll, J. and Kraay, A.C. (1998). Consistent covariance matrix estimation with spatially dependent data. Review of Economics and Statistics, 80, 549-560. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465398557825
  • Ege, İ. ve Bayrakdaroğlu, A. (2009). İMKB şirketlerinin hisse senedi getiri başarılarının lojistik regresyon tekniği ile analizi. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 5(10), 139-158. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijmeb/
  • Engle, R.F., Giglio, S., Kelly, B., Lee, H. and Stroebel, J. (2020). Hedging climate change news. Review of Financial Studies, 33(3), 1184–1216. doi:10.1093/rfs/hhz072
  • EPA. (2025). Recommendations of the task force on climate-related financial disclosures. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/climateleadership/climate-risks-and-opportunities-defined
  • Fafchamps, M., Udry, C. and Czukas, K. (1998). Drought and saving in West Africa: Are livestock a buffer stock? Journal of Development Economics, 55(2), 273-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(98)00037-6
  • Fedorova, E. and Iasakova, P. (2024). The impact of climate change news on the US stock market. The Journal of Risk Finance, 25(2), 293-320. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRF-06-2023-0133
  • Ge, Z., Liu, O and Wei, Z. (2024). Assessment of bank risk exposure considering climate transition risks. Finance Research Letters, 67, 105903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105903
  • Gong, X., Song, Y., Fu, C. and Li, H. (2023). Climate risk and stock performance of fossil fuel companies: An international analysis. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money,89, 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2023.101884
  • Gorganli, J. and Vakilifard, H. (2014). The effect of firm size and growth opportunity on accounting discretion and its relationship with future stock return (management opportunism test). European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 3(3), 511-521. Retrieved from https://european-science.com/eojnss/
  • Graham, F.C. (1996). Inflation, real stock returns, and monetary policy. Applied Financial Economics, 6(1), 29–35. doi:10.1080/096031096334448
  • Gündüz, Ç. (2025). The impact of climate change on financial performance of the electricity industry: The case of Türkiye. Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(1), 92-106. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1588558
  • Güriş, S. (2015). Stata ile panel veri modelleri (1.bs.) İstanbul: DER Yayınları.
  • Güriş, S. ve Pala, A. (2016). Hisse senedi getirisi ve firma karakteristikleri arasındaki ilişkinin Borsa İstanbul üzerinde test edilmesi: Panel veri modeli uygulaması. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 8(15), 413-421. https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.266453
  • Hayaloğlu, P. (2019). İklim değişikliğinin tarım sektörü ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(25), 51-62. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gumus/
  • Hong, H., Li, F.W. and Xu, J. (2019), Climate risks and market efficiency. Journal of Econometrics, 208(1), 265-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2018.09.015
  • Horasan, M. (2010). Firma büyüklüğünün hisse senedi getirilerine etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(1), 327-339. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ataunisosbil/
  • Hsu, P.H., Li, K. and Tsou, C.H. (2022). The pollution premium. Journal of Finance, 78(3), 1-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3578215
  • Ibrahim, M.H. and Aziz, H. (2003). Macroeconomic variables and the Malaysian equity market: A view through rolling subsamples. Journal of Economic Studies, 30(1), 6-27. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443580310455241
  • İçke, B.T. ve Aytürk, Y. (2012). Fiyat- kazanç oranı etkisinin değer yatırım stratejileri kapsamında analizi: İMKB için ampirik bir uygulama. Öneri Dergisi, 9(35), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.14783/od.v9i35.1012000255
  • Jiang, R. and Weng, C. (2019). Climate change risk and agriculture-related stocks (SSRN Working Paper No. 3506311). Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3506311
  • Jin, Z. and Cairang, A. (2025). Impact of climate risk on airline stock price volatility. Finance Research Letters,73, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.106648
  • Jung, H. and Song, C.K. (2023). Managerial perspectives on climate change and stock price crash risk. Finance Research Letters, 51, 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.103410
  • Kalisa, W., Zhang, J., Igbawua, T., Ujoh, F., Ebohon, O. J., Namugize, J.N. and Yao, F. (2020). Spatio-temporal analysis of drought and return periods over the East African region using Standardized Precipitation Index from 1920 to 2016. Agricultural Water Management, 237, 106195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106195
  • Karaca, Y.S. ve Başcı, Y.S. (2011). Hisse senedi performansını etkileyen rasyolar ve İMKB 30 endeksinde 2001-2009 dönemi panel veri analizi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(3), 337-347. Erişim adresi: http://acikerisim.sdu.edu.tr/
  • Kaya, V., Çömlekçi, İ. ve Kara, O. (2015). Hisse senedi getirilerini etkileyen makroekonomik değişkenler 2002–2012 Türkiye Örneği. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 35, 167-176. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/dpusbe
  • Kessel, R.A. (1956). Inflation-caused wealth redistribution: A test of hypothesis. The American Economic Review, 46(1), 128–41. https://doi.org/10.2307/1055959
  • Khan, M.I. (2009). Price earning ratio and market to book ratio. IUB Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(2), 103-112. Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/
  • Kılıç, C. (2009). Küresel iklim değişikliği çerçevesinde sürdürülebilir kalkınma çabaları ve Türkiye. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2), 19-41. Erişim adresi: https://esjournal.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/
  • Kızılkaya, O. ve Mike, F. (2023). İklim değişikliğinin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi: Türkiye üzerine ampirik bir değerlendirme. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 57, 403-411. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1169890
  • Krueger, P., Sautner, Z. and Starks, L.T. (2020). The importance of climate risks for institutional investors. Review of Financial Studies, 33(3), 1067–1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3235190
  • Kurtaran, A. (2014). Hisse senedi değerlendirme yöntemlerinin yatırım kararlarındaki başarısının değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 13, 155-168. https://doi.org/10.18092/ijeas.41110
  • Kusmayadi, D., Rahman, R. and Abdullah, Y. (2018). Analysis of the effect of net profit margin, price to book value, and debt to equity ratio on stock return. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 9(7F), 28091-28095. doi:10.24327/IJRSR
  • Lee, B.-S. (1992). Causal relations among stock returns, interest rates, real activity, and inflation. The Journal of Finance, 47(4), 1591–1603. https://doi.org/10.2307/2328955
  • Li, C., Liu, Y. and Pan, L. (2024). A study of impact of climate change on the U.S. stock market as exemplified by the NASDAQ 100 index constituents. Scientific Reports 14(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66109-7
  • Nargeleçekenler, M. (2011). Hisse senedi fiyatları ve fiyat/kazanç oranı ilişkisi: Panel verilerle sektörel bir analiz. Business and Economics Research Journal, 2(2), 165-184. Erişim adresi: https://www.berjournal.com/tr/
  • Özgür, C. (2019). A panel ARDL application on the research of the relationships between stock returns and financial ratios. Istanbul Management Journal, 86, 97-112. http://doi.org/10.26650/imj.2019.86.0005
  • Özmen, M., Karlılar, S. ve Karlılar, G. (2017). Türkiye için döviz kuru, faiz ve enflasyonun hisse senedi getirileri üzerine etkileri. Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 107-120. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cuiibfd/
  • Pástor, L., Stambaugh, R.F. and Taylor, L.A. (2022). Dissecting green returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 146(2), 403-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2022.07.007
  • Penzin, D., Isah, K.O. and Salisu, A.A. (2024). Climate change-stock return volatility nexus in advanced economies: The role of technology shocks. Journal of Economic Studies, 52(1), 119-135. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-08-2023-0419
  • Pulungan, D.R. and Insan, M.Y. (2020). Effect of net profit margin and return on equity on the stock price. International Journal of Economic, Technology and Social Sciences, 1(2), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.53695/injects.v1i1.58
  • Schober, P., Boer, C. and Schwarte, L.A. (2018). Correlation coefficients: Appropriate use and interpretation. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 126, 1763-1768. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864
  • Sevim, B. ve Zeydan, Ö. (2007). İklim değişikliğinin Türkiye turizmine etkileri. Çeşme Ulusal Turizm Sempozyumu’nda sunulan bildiri, Çeşme, İzmir. Erişim adresi: https://acikerisim.kastamonu.edu.tr/items/71dd6601-deea-4e10-8c3b-ebe89d009cd8/
  • Şişman, M.E., Çömlekçi, İ. ve Şahin, Ö. (2017). Hisse senedi fiyatını etkileyen işletme düzeyindeki faktörler: Borsa İstanbul’da bir uygulama. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(11), 88-107. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bsbd/
  • Tankov, P. and Tantet, A. (2019). Climate data for physical risk assessment in finance (SSRN Working Paper No. 3480156) Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3480156
  • Terim, B. ve Kayalı, C.A. (2009). Sermaye yapısını belirleyici etmenler: Türkiye’de imalat sanayi örneği. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 125-154. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/cbayarsos
  • Titman, S. and Warga, A. (1989). Stock returns as predictors of interest rates and inflation. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 24(1), 47-58. doi:10.2307/2330747
  • Tommaso, C., Matteo, F. and Pacelli, V. (2024) The impact of climate policy uncertainty on the Italian financial market. Finance Research Letters, 69, 106094https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.106094
  • Trigeorgis, L. and Lambertides, N. (2014). The role of growth options in explaining stock returns. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 49(3), 749-771. doi:10.1017/S0022109014000118
  • Venturini, A. (2022). Climate change, risk factors and stock returns: A review of the literature. International Review of Financial Analysis,79, 1-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101934
  • Widodo, P.A., Isman, Hidayat, S. and Risdayani (2023). Spearman and Pearson correlation tests: Analyzing negative and car correlation in Indonesian Islamic finance (2021-2023). Paper presented at the International Summit on Science, Technology, and Humanity. Retrieved from https://proceedings.ums.ac.id/iseth/article/view/5327
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2012). Panel veri ekonometrisi (1.bs.). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2016). Panel veri eknoometrisi Stata uygulamalı (3. bs.). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2020). İleri panel veri analizi Stata uygulamalı (4. bs.). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Yıldırım, S., Ögel, S. ve Alhajrabee, O. (2020). Enflasyon ve faiz oranlarının hisse senedi getirilerine etkisinin araştırılması: BIST mali endeksi üzerinde ampirik uygulama. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(17), 185-191. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bsbd/
There are 88 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Panel Data Analysis, Capital Market, Green Economy, Finance, Finance and Investment (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Seda Turnacıgil 0000-0002-8573-8412

Submission Date April 11, 2025
Acceptance Date November 7, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1674151
IZ https://izlik.org/JA72DU25JX
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Turnacıgil, S. (2025). İklim Riskinin Gölgesinde Sermaye Piyasaları: Türk İmalat Sektöründe Bir Araştırma. Ekonomi Politika Ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(4), 1675-1695. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1674151