İhracat Ürün Çeşitlendirmesi ve Çevresel Performans: AB Ülkelerinden MMQR Yaklaşımı ile Kanıtlar

Abstract

Son yıllarda çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ile ticaret politikaları arasındaki etkileşim, özellikle ihracatın yapısal dönüşümleri bağlamında akademik ve politik tartışmaların merkezinde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, 1995–2022 döneminde Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkelerinde ihracat ürün çeşitlendirmesinin çevresel performans üzerindeki etkisini incelemek ve bu ilişkinin farklı çevresel performans seviyelerinde nasıl değiştiğini ortaya koymaktır. Ülkelerin farklı çevresel performans seviyelerindeki heterojen etkileri analiz edebilmek için MMQR (Method of Moments Quantile Regression) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ticaret göstergesi olarak ihracat ürün çeşitlendirme endeksi, çevresel performansın ölçümünde ise çok boyutlu bir göstergeler bütünü sunan Çevresel Performans Endeksi (EPI) tercih edilmiştir. Bulgular, ihracat ürün çeşitlendirmesinin çevresel performansı özellikle yüksek kantilde yer alan ülkelerde anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Sonuçlar, ihracatın bileşiminin çeşitlenmesinin çevreye daha az zarar veren üretim süreçlerini teşvik ederek sürdürülebilir büyüme ve kalkınmaya katkı sağlayabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, politika yapıcıların ihracat stratejilerini çevre dostu teknolojiler ve düşük karbonlu üretim süreçleri lehine geliştirmeleri, AB’nin yeşil büyüme hedefleriyle uyumlu bir yaklaşım olacaktır.

Keywords

• İhracat Ürün Çeşitlendirmesi
• Çevresel Performans
• Avrupa Birliği
• MMQR

Export Product Diversification and Environmental Performance: Evidence from EU Countries with the MMQR Approach

Abstract

In recent years, the interaction between environmental sustainability and trade policies has become a central topic in both academic and policy debates, particularly in the context of export structure transformations. The primary aim of this study is to examine the impact of export product diversification on environmental performance in European Union (EU) countries during the period 1995–2022 and to reveal how this relationship varies across different levels of environmental performance. To capture the heterogeneous effects across countries with different levels of environmental performance, the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) approach is employed. As the trade indicator, the export product diversification index is used, while environmental performance is measured through the Environmental Performance Index (EPI), which provides a multidimensional assessment. The findings reveal that export product diversification has a statistically significant and positive impact on environmental performance, particularly in countries located at the higher quantiles of the distribution. The results suggest that diversifying the sectoral composition of exports can promote production processes that are less harmful to the environment, thereby contributing to sustainable growth and development. Accordingly, policymakers are encouraged to design export strategies that prioritize environmentally friendly technologies and low-carbon production processes, in alignment with the EU’s green growth agenda.

Keywords

• Export Product Diversification
• Environmental Performance
• Europe Countries
• MMQR

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