Effects of Globalization on Ecological Footprint: The Case of Turkey

Abstract

In this study, the effects of globalization on the ecological footprint of both theoretical and political issues since the last quarter of the twentieth century are investigated. In the analysis conducted using Turkey’s 1980-2014 period data, ARDL, FMOLS and DOLS methods were used. The variables used in the analysis are the KOF overall globalization index, the ecological footprint of consumption, the ecological footprint of production, the ecological footprint of imports and exports, and the economic growth selected as a control variable. In the study, stationary of the variables were checked by ADF, PP, Ng-P and KPSS unit root tests. According to the findings, long-term significant relationships were found between globalization and all ecological footprint indicators. Accordingly, while globalization increases the ecological footprint of consumption, production and imports, it has a decreasing effect on the ecological footprint of exports. Although the effects of economic growth on the ecological footprint of consumption, production and imports are also positive, there were no significant effects on exports' ecological footprint (within 5% confidence interval). As a result, there are serious negative effects of globalization on Turkey's ecological system. 

Keywords

• Globalization,Growth,Ecological Footprint

Küreselleşmenin Ekolojik Ayakizi Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği

Abstract

Bu çalışmada yirminci yüzyılın son çeyreğinden günümüze kadar hem teorik hem de politik alanda tartışma konusu olan küreselleşmenin ekolojik ayak izi üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmaktadır. Türkiye’nin 1980-2014 dönemine ait verileri kullanılarak yapılan analizde ARDL, FMOLS ve DOLS modelleri kullanılmıştır. Analizde kullanılan değişkenler KOF küreselleşme endeksi, tüketimin ekolojik ayak izi, üretimin ekolojik ayak izi, ithalat ve ihracatın ekolojik ayak izi ile kontrol değişkeni olarak seçilen ekonomik büyümedir. Çalışmada ayrıca değişkenlerin durağanlığı ADF, P-P, Ng-P ve KPSS birim kök testleri ile kontrol edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, küreselleşme ile tüm ekolojik ayak izi göstergeleri arasında uzun dönemde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmaktadır. Buna göre küreselleşme tüketim, üretim ve ithalatın ekolojik ayak izini artırırken, ihracatın ekolojik ayak izi üzerinde azaltıcı etki yapmaktadır. Ekonomik büyümenin tüketim, üretim ve ithalat üzerindeki etkileri de pozitif olmakla birlikte ihracatın ekolojik ayak izi üzerinde (%5 güven aralığında) anlamlı etkileri bulunmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, küreselleşmenin Türkiye’nin ekolojik sistemi üzerinde ciddi olumsuz etkileri bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Küreselleşme,Büyüme,Ekolojik Ayak izi

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