Fiscal Sustainability of Provincial Municipalities in Turkey: Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

Abstract

Fiscal sustainability is an important issue for ensuring the public fiscal balance (in terms of budgetary and borrowing concerns) and as well as for the provision of local services, financing of expenditures, and a balanced fiscal structure for the municipalities. Local fiscal sustainability (ensuring the fiscal balance of municipalities) is a subject that needs to be examined due to its role in affecting the local public fiscal balance as well as the quantity and quality of the local services. This study examines the local fiscal sustainability in the 81 provincial municipalities of Turkey using dynamic panel data techniques during the period of 2006-2019. In the study, in order to test the long-term fiscal sustainability, the panel cointegration test based on the error correction model developed by Westerlund (2007) is employed. In addition, Emirmahmutoglu and Kose (2011) panel causality test is applied to investigate the causal relationship between public revenues and expenditures. According to the panel cointegration test results, the fiscal structure of municipalities in Turkey are unsustainable. The causality test results show that the causal relationship between public revenues and public expenditures is two-way, but the results differ across the provincial municipalities. In order to ensure the fiscal balance of municipalities, it is necessary to improve the structure and diversity of financial resources, to solve the resource problem, -and to provide an effective resource management and financial discipline.

Keywords

• Local Fiscal Sustainability
• Turkey
• Panel Data Analysis

Türkiye’deki İl Belediyelerinin Mali Sürdürülebilirliği: Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi

Abstract

Mali sürdürülebilirlik, hem kamu mali dengesinin (bütçe ve borçlanma) sağlanması hem de belediyeler bakımından yerel hizmetlerin sunumu, harcamaların finansmanı ve dengeli bir mali yapı açısından oldukça önemlidir. Yerel mali sürdürülebilirlik (belediyelerin mali dengelerini sağlamaları), yerel kamu mali dengesinin sağlanmasının yanı sıra yerel hizmetlerin niceliğini ve niteliğini de etkilemesi bakımından incelenmesi gereken bir konudur. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki 81 il belediyesinin mali sürdürülebilirliğini 2006-2019 dönemi için dinamik panel veri teknikleri kullanarak incelemektedir. Çalışmada uzun dönemde mali sürdürülebilirliğin test edilmesi amacıyla Westerlund (2007) tarafından geliştirilen hata düzeltme modeline dayalı panel eşbütünleşme testi kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca kamu gelirleri ve harcamaları arasındaki nedensel ilişkinin araştırılması için Emirmahmutoglu ve Kose (2011) panel nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır. Eşbütünleşme testi sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye’deki 81 il belediyesinin mali yapısı sürdürülemezdir. Nedensellik testi sonuçları ise, kamu gelirleri ile kamu harcamaları arasındaki ilişkinin iki yönlü olduğunu, ancak sonuçların iller arasında değiştiğini göstermektedir. Belediyelerin mali dengesini sağlamak için mali kaynakların yapısının ve çeşitliliğinin iyileştirilmesi, kaynak sorununun çözülmesi ve etkin bir kaynak yönetimi ve mali disiplinin sağlanması gerekmektedir.

Keywords

• Yerel Mali Sürdürülebilirlik
• Türkiye
• Panel Veri Analizi

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