Human Rights Norms and Hierarchy of Human Rights

Abstract

The question of whether universal, indivisible, and interdependent human rights norms have all the same importance or do fundamental rights have a hierarchical superiority to ordinary rights poses a severe challenge to the human rights scholar. Although it is controversial whether there is a hierarchy among human rights norms at a theoretical level, a hierarchy of human rights can occur at a practical level due to scarcity of resources, political interests, conflict between different rights, and emergencies. It is essential to examine the hierarchies arising from the structural framework of human rights law or practices of human rights by actors during the implementation of human rights, as the prioritization of specific human rights over others has the potential to shape the human rights norms. This article will illustrate alternative approaches supporting or opposing the hierarchy of human rights arguments, such as the relationship between the fundamental and ordinary rights, first and second-generation rights, and the non-derogatory status of specific rights. The illustration and examination of these diverse positions on the hierarchy of human rights will help us the alternative explanations regarding the hierarchy of human rights norms.

Keywords

• Human Rights
• Hierarchy
• Norms

İnsan Hakları Normları ve İnsan Hakları Hiyerarşisi

Abstract

Evrensel, bölünemez ve birbirleriyle bağlantılı insan hakları normlarının hepsi aynı derecede mi önemlidir yoksa temel hakların olağan haklara karşı hiyerarşik bir üstünlüğü var mıdır sorusu, insan hakları öğretisi tarafından tartışılan ve insan hakları alanında çalışan bilim insanlarını meşgul eden önemli sorulardan biridir. İnsan hakları normları arasında teorik olarak bir hiyerarşi bulunup bulunmadığı tartışmalı olsa da, uygulama aşamasında kaynakların yetersizliği, siyasi çıkarlar, farklı haklar arasındaki çatışmalı durumlar ve olağanüstü haller gibi sebeplerden dolayı insan hakları arasında hiyerarşi oluşabilmektedir. Mevcut uluslararası insan hakları hukukunun yapısından kaynaklanan veya insan haklarının uygulanması sırasında aktörler tarafından oluşturulan hiyerarşiler uzun vadede insan hakları normlarını ve temayül hukukunu etkiledikleri için incelenmeleri önem arz etmektedir. Bu makale insan hakları arasındaki hiyerarşi tartışmalarını analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makale insan hakları normları arasında bir hiyerarşi olup olmadığını tartışan birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü kuşak hakların birbirleriyle ilişkisi, temel ve olağan insan hakları arasındaki farklar ve askıya alınamayan hakların statüsü gibi argümanları inceleyecek ve alternatif yaklaşımları örneklerle açıklayacaktır.

Keywords

• İnsan Hakları
• Hiyerarşi
• Normlar

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