PREVALENCE AND CIRCULATING GENOTYPES OF PARVOVIRUS B19 AMONG ADULT SICKLE CELL DISEASE PATIENTS AND BLOOD DONORS IN BAHRAIN

Abstract

Parvovirus (PV) is a single-stranded DNA virus with a non-enveloped nucleus having a size of 18-26nm. It comprise 60 structural proteins which are of two types. PV B19 transmits through respiratory droplets or blood transfusion but some nosocomial infections also give a chance to PV B19 for causing an infection.

 

The study was particularly conducted on Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) patients and focuses on the determination of parvovirus among Bahraini population by relying on their clinical status. Three groups have been taken for the serological study of PV B19. Moreover, around 100 healthy blood donors were taken in which both the males and females were included. However, samples were taken from the emergency unit of Salmania Medical Complex (SMC) and Ibrahim Khalil Kano Center (IKKC).

 

It is a cohort study based on total 250 people among which 150 were SCA patients, and 100 were healthy individuals. The findings reveal that approximately 40% patients suffered from VOC whereas, only 20% were detected in SCA patients with Non-Vaso-Occlusive Crises (NVOC). It was observed that the percentages were relatively same in both the male and female groups i.e. 33.2%. The percentage for the control group was 33.6 % in which 84 males and 16 females were included.

 

Parvovirus is a pathogenic virus and sometimes considered as life-threatening specifically for those individuals who have SCA due to which a risk of transient aplastic crisis increases. This virus is only associated with those patients who have some haematological disorders such as haemolytic anaemia and erythro-cytopenia. It is observed that just because of inappropriate features of testing the risk of PV B19 infection can increase. An effective screening test must be performed in the future to reduce the risk of PV B19 infection.

 

Keywords

• Parvovirus B19,sickle cell anemia,prevalence,genotype

References

1. Adamson, L. A. (2013). Human Parvovirus B19 gene expression in thyroid disease correlates with increased inflammation (Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida). Aebischer, A., Wernike, K., Hoffmann, B., & Beer, M. (2014). Rapid genome detection of Schmallenberg virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus by use of isothermal amplification methods and high-speed real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Journal of clinical microbiology, 52(6), 1883-1892. Al-Najjar, S. A. (2013). Immunophenotyping markers and cell adhesion molecules in sickle cell anaemia patients in Saudi Arabia (Doctoral dissertation, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah). Aminu, M., Gwafan, J. Z., Inabo, H. I., Oguntayo, A. O., Ella, E. E., & Koledade, A. K. (2014). Seroprevalence of human papillomavirus immunoglobulin G antibodies among women presenting at the reproductive health clinic of a university teaching hospital in Nigeria. International journal of women's health, 6, 479. Barakat-Haddad, C. (2013). Prevalence of high blood pressure, heart disease, thalassemia, sickle-cell anemia, and iron-deficiency anemia among the UAE adolescent population. Journal of environmental and public health, 2013. Bello, S., Fanizzi, R., Bonali, C., Serafino, L., Terlizzi, N., & Lapadula, G. (2013). Papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome due to parvovirus B19: a report of two simultaneous cases in cohabitant families. Reumatismo, 65(1), 40-45. Chou, S. T., Liem, R. I., & Thompson, A. A. (2012). Challenges of alloimmunization in patients with haemoglobinopathies. British journal of haematology, 159(4), 394-404. Claros, S., Rodríguez-Losada, N., Cruz, E., Guerado, E., Becerra, J., & Andrades, J. A. (2012). Characterization of adult stem/progenitor cell populations from bone marrow in a three-dimensional collagen gel culture system. Cell transplantation, 21(9), 2021-2032. DeBaun, M. R., Armstrong, F. D., McKinstry, R. C., Ware, R. E., Vichinsky, E., & Kirkham, F. J. (2012). Silent cerebral infarcts: a review on a prevalent and progressive cause of neurologic injury in sickle cell anemia. Blood, 119(20), 4587-4596. Deng, H., Xu, Y., Liu, Y., Che, Z., Guo, H., Shan, S., ... & Wu, Y. (2012). Gold nanoparticles with asymmetric polymerase chain reaction for colorimetric detection of DNA sequence. Analytical chemistry, 84(3), 1253-1258. Eaves, C. J. (2015). Hematopoietic stem cells: concepts, definitions, and the new reality. Blood, 125(17), 2605-2613. Guillaud, C., Loustau, V., & Michel, M. (2012). Hemolytic anemia in adults: main causes and diagnostic procedures. Expert review of hematology, 5(2), 229-241. Hess, J. R. (2012). Scientific problems in the regulation of red blood cell products. Transfusion, 52(8), 1827-1835. Koury, M. J. (2014). Abnormal erythropoiesis and the pathophysiology of chronic anemia. Blood reviews, 28(2), 49-66. Li, X., Du, E., Lei, H., Tang, Y. H., Dao, M., Suresh, S., & Karniadakis, G. E. (2016). Patient-specific blood rheology in sickle-cell anaemia. Interface focus, 6(1), 20150065. Moschovi, M., Adamaki, M., & Vlahopoulos, S. A. (2016). Progress in treatment of viral infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncology Reviews, 10(1). Ornoy, A., & Ergaz, Z. (2017). Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy and risks to the fetus. Birth Defects Research, 109(5), 311-323. Palinski, R. (2016). The application of metagenomic sequencing to detect and characterize emerging porcine viruses (Doctoral dissertation, Kansas State University). Parker, D. C., Mielke, M. M., Yu, Q., Rosenberg, P. B., Jain, A., Lyketsos, C. G., ... & Oh, E. S. (2013). Plasma neopterin level as a marker of peripheral immune activation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 28(2), 149-154. Rogo, L. D., Mokhtari-Azad, T., Kabir, M. H., & Rezaei, F. (2014). Human parvovirus B19: a review. Acta Virol, 58(3), 199-213. Sener, A. G., & Afsar, I. (2012). Infection and autoimmune disease. Rheumatology international, 32(11), 3331-3338. Skvarc, M., Stubljar, D., Rogina, P., & Kaasch, A. J. (2013). Non-culture-based methods to diagnose bloodstream infection: Does it work?. Tsitsikas, D. A., Gallinella, G., Patel, S., Seligman, H., Greaves, P., & Amos, R. J. (2014). Bone marrow necrosis and fat embolism syndrome in sickle cell disease: increased susceptibility of patients with non-SS genotypes and a possible association with human parvovirus B19 infection. Blood reviews, 28(1), 23-30. Turkeltaub, A. E., Kollipara, R., & Tyring, S. (2017). Life-threatening cutaneous viral diseases. Emergency Dermatology, 114. Williams, E. F., & Jarreau, P. C. (2012). Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases. Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices, 403.