A COMPARISON OF ECHO HIDING METHODS

Abstract

Echo-based data hiding algorithms are known to be very popular in audio watermarking research. In this study, several echo kernels such as single, bipolar, backward-forward, bipolar backward-forward and time-spread, which are coded in Matlab, are compared in terms of robustness against mp3 compression, imperceptibility and capacity. Mixer signals with sinusoidal smoothing are used to improve imperceptibility. All kernels are tested on the same audio database for a fair comparison. Importance of parameters is discussed during comparison. Results show that bipolar backward-forward echo kernel is more robust against compression and gives a higher SNR (Signal-to-noise ratio). 

Keywords

• Audio steganography,watermarking,echo hiding

References

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