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Year 2017, Issue: 3, 88 - 100, 01.05.2017

Abstract

References

  • 1st Vertical Forest in Asia Have Over 3000 Trees, February 2017, http://photovide.com/verticalforest-asia/, retrieved on 11.2.2017. Algae, Microbe World, http://www.microbeworld.org/types-of-microbes/protista/algae, retrieved on 11.2.2017. Becker, K., Wulfmeyer, V., Berger, T., Gebel, J., and Münch, W.: Carbon farming in hot, dry coastal areas: an option for climate change mitigation, Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 237-251, doi:10.5194/esd-4-237-2013, 2013. BP Statistical review of world energy June 2007, British Petroleum, June 2007. Brooks, R., World’s First Urban Algae Canopy Produces the Oxygen Equivalent of Four Hectares of Woodland Every Day, 28.4.2015, http://inhabitat.com/incredible-urban-algae-canopy-producesthe-oxygen-equivalent-of-four-hectares-of-woodland-every-day/, retrieved on 1.2.2017. Campbell, J. A.; Stewart, D. L.; McCulloch, M.; Lucke, R. B.; Bean, R. M., Biodegradation of coal-related model compounds, Pacific Northwest Laboratory: 514–521. Carbon cycle, Science Clarified, http://www.scienceclarified.com/Ca-Ch/Carbon-Cycle.html, retrieved on 3.1.2017. Clemente, J., How Much Oil Does the World Have Left, Jun 25, 2015, http://www.forbes.com/sites/judeclemente/2015/06/25/how-much-oil-does-the-world-have-left/#27c92445dc5e, retrieved on 2.1.2017. Coal, The Ministry for Energy and Natural Resources, 2015, http://www.enerji.gov.tr/en-US/Pages/Coal, retrieved on 2.1.2017. Dimichele, W. A., Phillips, T. L., Effects of Past Global Change on Life, The National Academy Press, Chap. 8, 1995. Energy Resources – Coal, World Energy Council, 2016, http://www.worldenergy.org/data/resources/resource/coal/, retrieved on 2.1.2017. Frearson, A., Stefano Boeri’s “vertical forest” nears completion in Milan, https://www.dezeen.com/2014/05/15/stefano-boeri-bosco-verticale-vertical-forest-milan-skyscrapers/, 15 May 2014, retrieved on 4.1.2017. Fuchs, M., Qatar’s next big purchase: a farming sector, Jan 6, 2012, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-qatar-food-idUSTRE8051V220120106, retrieved on 2.1.2017. How is Coal Formed, The Kentucky Geological Survey, http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coalform.htm, retrieved on 2.1.2017. Howard, B. C., India Plants 50 Million Trees in One Day, Smashing World Record, July 18, 2016, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/07/india-plants-50-million-trees-uttar-pradeshreforestation/, retrieved on 11.2.2017. Kohlstedt, K., Algae-Fueled Building: World’s First Bio-Adaptive Façade, http://weburbanist.com/2013/05/02/algae-fueled-building-worlds-first-bio-adaptive-facade/, retrieved on 1.2.2017. Lone Indian Man Plants 1,360 Acre Forest, December 3, 2013, http://www.sanskritimagazine.com/inspiration-2/lone-indian-man-plants-1360-acre-forest-single-handedly/, retrieved on 11.2.2017. McGar, J., Qatar Pilot Farm Brings Life to the Desert, November 22nd, 2013, https://sourceable.net/qatar-pilot-farm-brings-life-to-the-desert/, retrieved on 2.1.2017. Potter, M.C., Bacteria as agents in the oxidation of amorphous carbon, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character. 80: 239–259. Statistical Review of World Energy 2008, British Petroleum, 2008. The Turf House Tradition, http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5589, retrieved on 11.2.2017. Top 5 Most Innovative Uses for Hemp, http://www.leafscience.com/2013/10/01/top-5-innovative-uses-hemp/?utm_source=mantis&utm_medium=recommend&utm_campaign=mantis&muuid=5d3d94feXXX55edXXX4051XXXab8eXXXea03eb0f7d12, retrieved on 4.1.2017. Türkiye`de 19 İlde Kenevir Yasallaştı, http://www.tarim.com.tr/Haber/34547/Turkiye-de-19-Ilde-Kenevir-Yasallasti.aspx, retrieved on 11.2.2017. Where is coal found, World Coal Association, https://www.worldcoal.org/coal/where-coal-found, retrieved on 2.1.2017. World Energy Day 2014: How Much Oil is Left and How Long Will It Last, October 22, 2014, http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/world-energy-day-2014-how-much-oil-left-how-long-will-itlast-1471200, retrieved on 2.1.2017. World Energy Resources: 2013 Survey, World Energy Council, 2013. Zhang, X., Microalgae removal of CO2 from flue gas, IEA Clean Coal Centre, April 2015, pp 83-84.

A Glimpse on the Local Reserves and Production in Turkey Ecological Carbon Cycle, and Some New Era Methods of Lowering Carbon Dioxide Levels

Year 2017, Issue: 3, 88 - 100, 01.05.2017

Abstract

It is estimated that the oil will be sufficient for us for a couple of generations of humanity. Forbes Magazine estimates we will run out of it between 2055 and 2070 (How Much Oil Does the World Have Left, 2015). Also, in an International Business Times a more specific date is given i.e. 2067 (World Energy Day 2014: How Much Oil is Left and How Long Will It Last, 2014). The numbers stand for proved reserves, of course, as new discoveries arise and technological recoverability upsurges, we may see a modification in these estimations.

And for coal, the most copious among fellow fossil fuels with proved reserves of exceeding 841 billion tons, and almost 8 billion tons of it is used in the world each year (World Energy Council, 2016). World Coal Association gives a more optimistic datum on this issue stating the proven coal reserves worldwide is 892 billion tons that would last for another 110 years whereas oil and natural gas would deplete by half this time (Where is coal found, no date). In summary, it is easy to say that coal will be above and underground for many more decades to come.

According to 2006 figures, Turkey’s coal reserves are 4.2 billion tons in total and 3.9 billion tons of it are subbituminous and lignite; and, 0.3 billion tons of the reserves is anthracite and bituminous (BP Statistical review of world energy June 2007, 2007). Turkey extracts 77 million tons of coal annually (Statistical Review of World Energy 2008, 2008). A more up to date shares that Turkey’s coal reserves are about 8.7 billion tons and the yearly coal production is the same as in the older report (World Energy Resources: 2013 Survey, 2013). In addition, The Ministry for Energy and Natural Resources (MENR) of Turkey states that there has a giant leap in proven lignite reserves of the country during the decade between 2005 and 2015, bringing lignite reserves from 8.3 billion tons to above 15 billion tons (MENR, 2015).

References

  • 1st Vertical Forest in Asia Have Over 3000 Trees, February 2017, http://photovide.com/verticalforest-asia/, retrieved on 11.2.2017. Algae, Microbe World, http://www.microbeworld.org/types-of-microbes/protista/algae, retrieved on 11.2.2017. Becker, K., Wulfmeyer, V., Berger, T., Gebel, J., and Münch, W.: Carbon farming in hot, dry coastal areas: an option for climate change mitigation, Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 237-251, doi:10.5194/esd-4-237-2013, 2013. BP Statistical review of world energy June 2007, British Petroleum, June 2007. Brooks, R., World’s First Urban Algae Canopy Produces the Oxygen Equivalent of Four Hectares of Woodland Every Day, 28.4.2015, http://inhabitat.com/incredible-urban-algae-canopy-producesthe-oxygen-equivalent-of-four-hectares-of-woodland-every-day/, retrieved on 1.2.2017. Campbell, J. A.; Stewart, D. L.; McCulloch, M.; Lucke, R. B.; Bean, R. M., Biodegradation of coal-related model compounds, Pacific Northwest Laboratory: 514–521. Carbon cycle, Science Clarified, http://www.scienceclarified.com/Ca-Ch/Carbon-Cycle.html, retrieved on 3.1.2017. Clemente, J., How Much Oil Does the World Have Left, Jun 25, 2015, http://www.forbes.com/sites/judeclemente/2015/06/25/how-much-oil-does-the-world-have-left/#27c92445dc5e, retrieved on 2.1.2017. Coal, The Ministry for Energy and Natural Resources, 2015, http://www.enerji.gov.tr/en-US/Pages/Coal, retrieved on 2.1.2017. Dimichele, W. A., Phillips, T. L., Effects of Past Global Change on Life, The National Academy Press, Chap. 8, 1995. Energy Resources – Coal, World Energy Council, 2016, http://www.worldenergy.org/data/resources/resource/coal/, retrieved on 2.1.2017. Frearson, A., Stefano Boeri’s “vertical forest” nears completion in Milan, https://www.dezeen.com/2014/05/15/stefano-boeri-bosco-verticale-vertical-forest-milan-skyscrapers/, 15 May 2014, retrieved on 4.1.2017. Fuchs, M., Qatar’s next big purchase: a farming sector, Jan 6, 2012, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-qatar-food-idUSTRE8051V220120106, retrieved on 2.1.2017. How is Coal Formed, The Kentucky Geological Survey, http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coalform.htm, retrieved on 2.1.2017. Howard, B. C., India Plants 50 Million Trees in One Day, Smashing World Record, July 18, 2016, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/07/india-plants-50-million-trees-uttar-pradeshreforestation/, retrieved on 11.2.2017. Kohlstedt, K., Algae-Fueled Building: World’s First Bio-Adaptive Façade, http://weburbanist.com/2013/05/02/algae-fueled-building-worlds-first-bio-adaptive-facade/, retrieved on 1.2.2017. Lone Indian Man Plants 1,360 Acre Forest, December 3, 2013, http://www.sanskritimagazine.com/inspiration-2/lone-indian-man-plants-1360-acre-forest-single-handedly/, retrieved on 11.2.2017. McGar, J., Qatar Pilot Farm Brings Life to the Desert, November 22nd, 2013, https://sourceable.net/qatar-pilot-farm-brings-life-to-the-desert/, retrieved on 2.1.2017. Potter, M.C., Bacteria as agents in the oxidation of amorphous carbon, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character. 80: 239–259. Statistical Review of World Energy 2008, British Petroleum, 2008. The Turf House Tradition, http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5589, retrieved on 11.2.2017. Top 5 Most Innovative Uses for Hemp, http://www.leafscience.com/2013/10/01/top-5-innovative-uses-hemp/?utm_source=mantis&utm_medium=recommend&utm_campaign=mantis&muuid=5d3d94feXXX55edXXX4051XXXab8eXXXea03eb0f7d12, retrieved on 4.1.2017. Türkiye`de 19 İlde Kenevir Yasallaştı, http://www.tarim.com.tr/Haber/34547/Turkiye-de-19-Ilde-Kenevir-Yasallasti.aspx, retrieved on 11.2.2017. Where is coal found, World Coal Association, https://www.worldcoal.org/coal/where-coal-found, retrieved on 2.1.2017. World Energy Day 2014: How Much Oil is Left and How Long Will It Last, October 22, 2014, http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/world-energy-day-2014-how-much-oil-left-how-long-will-itlast-1471200, retrieved on 2.1.2017. World Energy Resources: 2013 Survey, World Energy Council, 2013. Zhang, X., Microalgae removal of CO2 from flue gas, IEA Clean Coal Centre, April 2015, pp 83-84.
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Journal Section Articles
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Fatih Temiz This is me

Publication Date May 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Issue: 3

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APA Temiz, F. (2017). A Glimpse on the Local Reserves and Production in Turkey Ecological Carbon Cycle, and Some New Era Methods of Lowering Carbon Dioxide Levels. Energy Policy Turkey(3), 88-100.
AMA Temiz F. A Glimpse on the Local Reserves and Production in Turkey Ecological Carbon Cycle, and Some New Era Methods of Lowering Carbon Dioxide Levels. Energy Policy Turkey. May 2017;(3):88-100.
Chicago Temiz, Fatih. “A Glimpse on the Local Reserves and Production in Turkey Ecological Carbon Cycle, and Some New Era Methods of Lowering Carbon Dioxide Levels”. Energy Policy Turkey, no. 3 (May 2017): 88-100.
EndNote Temiz F (May 1, 2017) A Glimpse on the Local Reserves and Production in Turkey Ecological Carbon Cycle, and Some New Era Methods of Lowering Carbon Dioxide Levels. Energy Policy Turkey 3 88–100.
IEEE F. Temiz, “A Glimpse on the Local Reserves and Production in Turkey Ecological Carbon Cycle, and Some New Era Methods of Lowering Carbon Dioxide Levels”, Energy Policy Turkey, no. 3, pp. 88–100, May 2017.
ISNAD Temiz, Fatih. “A Glimpse on the Local Reserves and Production in Turkey Ecological Carbon Cycle, and Some New Era Methods of Lowering Carbon Dioxide Levels”. Energy Policy Turkey 3 (May 2017), 88-100.
JAMA Temiz F. A Glimpse on the Local Reserves and Production in Turkey Ecological Carbon Cycle, and Some New Era Methods of Lowering Carbon Dioxide Levels. Energy Policy Turkey. 2017;:88–100.
MLA Temiz, Fatih. “A Glimpse on the Local Reserves and Production in Turkey Ecological Carbon Cycle, and Some New Era Methods of Lowering Carbon Dioxide Levels”. Energy Policy Turkey, no. 3, 2017, pp. 88-100.
Vancouver Temiz F. A Glimpse on the Local Reserves and Production in Turkey Ecological Carbon Cycle, and Some New Era Methods of Lowering Carbon Dioxide Levels. Energy Policy Turkey. 2017(3):88-100.

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