Mastitisli Bir İnek Sütünde Salmonella Typhimurium Tespiti: Üreme Sağlığı ve Gıda Güvenliği için Kırmızı Alarm

Abstract

Bu vaka raporu, kronik mastitis ve infertilite bulunan altı yaşındaki bir Holştayn ineğin sütünden Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium’un (4,12:i:1,2) mikrobiyolojik izolasyonu ve karakterizasyonunu tanımlamaktadır. Çiftlik ziyareti sırasında toplanan süt ve dışkı örnekleri, sırasıyla FDA ve ISO standartlarına uygun olarak bakteriyolojik analize tabi tutulmuştur. İzolat, BD PhoenixTM 100 otomatik tanımlama sistemi kullanılarak identifiye edilmiş ve ardından Etlik Veteriner Kontrol Merkezi Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde serotiplendirilmiştir. Moleküler doğrulama, invA geninin saptanması ile gerçekleştirilmiş; antimikrobiyal duyarlılık ise disk difüzyon yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bu rapor, sütte S. Typhimurium’un nadir görülen bir mikrobiyolojik bulgu olduğunu ortaya koymakta, sütün potansiyel bir bulaş kaynağı olabileceğine dikkat çekmekte ve süt sığırı işletmelerinde kapsamlı mikrobiyolojik sürveyansın önemini vurgulamaktadır. 

Keywords

• Gıda güvenliği
• mastitis
• Salmonella
• sığır
• üreme sağlığı

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma hiçbir kurum tarafından desteklenmemiştir.

Ethical Statement

Etik beyana gerek duyulmamıştır.

Detection of Salmonella Typhimurium in the Milk of a Cow with Mastitis: A Red Alert for Reproductive Health and Food Safety

Abstract

This case report describes the microbiological isolation and characterisation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (4,12:i:1,2) from the milk of a six-year-old Holstein cow with chronic mastitis and infertility. Milk and faecal samples collected during a farm investigation were subjected to bacteriological analysis in accordance with FDA and ISO standards, respectively. The isolate was identified using the BD PhoenixTM 100 automated system and subsequently serotyped at the Etlik Veterinary Control Central Research Institute. Molecular confirmation was performed by detecting the invA gene, and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by disc diffusion. This report documents a rare microbiological finding of S. Typhimurium in milk, highlighting milk as a potential source of transmission and emphasising the importance of comprehensive microbiological surveillance in dairy herds. 

Keywords

• Cattle
• food safety
• mastitis
• reproductive health
• Salmonella

Supporting Institution

This research received no external funding.

Ethical Statement

No ethical declaration is required.

References

1. Abdel-Moein KA, Samir A. Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among pet dogs and cats: an emerging public health threat outside health care facilities. Am J Infect Control 2014; 42(7): 796-8.
2. Abraham S, O’Dea M, Trott DJ, Abraham RJ, Hughes D, Pang S, McKew G, Cheong EYL, Merlino J, Saputra S, Malik R, Gottlieb T. Isolation and plasmid characterisation of carbapenemase (IMP-4) producing Salmonella enterica Typhimurium from cats. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 35527.
3. Adekunle OF, Ajasin FO, Banwo OG, Omotosho O, Anifowose O. Antimicrobial resistance profile of bacteria isolated from the vagina of nulliparous cattle. SVU-Int J Vet Sci 2024; 7(3): 1-11.
4. Bengtsson B, Unnerstad HE, Ekman T, Artursson K, Nilsson-Öst M, Waller KP. Antimicrobial susceptibility of udder pathogens from cases of acute clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Vet Microbiol 2009; 136(1-2): 142-9.
5. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention-CDC. Reports of Selected Salmonella Outbreak Investigations, Atlanta, GA, [cited 2025 May 8]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/index.html.
6. CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. CLSI document, 2024, M02- A11, 32. https://clsi.org/shop/standards/m02/.
7. Cobbold RN, Rice DH, Davis MA, Besser TE, Hancock DD. Long-term persistence of multi–drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Newport in two dairy herds. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006; 228(4): 585- 91.
8. Cummings KJ, Warnick LD, Alexander KA, Cripps CJ, Gröhn YT, James KL, McDonough PL, Reed KE. The duration of fecal Salmonella shedding following clinical disease among dairy cattle in the northeastern USA. Prev Vet Med 2009a; 92(1-2): 134-9.

9. Cummings KJ, Warnick LD, Alexander KA, Cripps CJ, Gröhn YT, McDonough PL, Nydam DV, Reed KE. The incidence of salmonellosis among dairy herds in the northeastern USA. J Dairy Sci 2009b; 92(8): 3766-74.
10. Diab MS, Thabet AS, Elsalam MA, Ewida RM, Sotohy SA. Detection of virulence and β-lactamase resistance genes of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from human and animal origin in Egypt:" one health concern". Gut Pathog 2023; 15(1): 16.
11. Foley SL, Johnson TJ, Ricke SC, Nayak R, Danzeisen J. Salmonella pathogenicity and host adaptation in chicken-associated serovars. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2013; 77(4): 582-607.
12. Holschbach CL, Peek SF. Salmonella in dairy cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2018; 34(1):133-54.
13. ISO 6579-1:2017. Microbiology of the food chain Horizontal method for the detection, enumeration, and serotyping of Salmonella Part 1: Detection of Salmonella spp. International Organisation for Standardisation.https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/en/#iso:std:iso:16140:-4:ed-1:v1:amd:2:v1:en.
14. Kirchner M, McLaren I, Clifton‐Hadley FA, Liebana E, Wales AD, Davies RH. A comparison between longitudinal shedding patterns of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Dublin on dairy farms. Vet Rec 2012; 171(8): 194.
15. Lanzas C, Warnick LD, James KL, Wright EM, Wiedmann M, Gröhn YT. Transmission dynamics of a multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak in a dairy farm. Foodborne PathogDis 2010; 7(4): 467-74.
16. Li Q, Cheng W, Zhang D, Yu T, Yin Y, Ju H, Ding S. Rapid and sensitive strategy for Salmonella detection using an InvA gene-based electrochemical DNA sensor. Int J Electrochem Sci 2012;7(1): 844-56.
17. Mekibib B, Belachew M, Asrade B, Badada G, Abebe R. Incidence of uterine infections, major bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance in postpartum dairy cows in southern Ethiopia. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24(1): 4.
18. Teng L, Liao S, Zhou X, Jia C, Feng M, Pan H, Ma Z, Yue M. Prevalence and genomic investigation of multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates from companion animals in Hangzhou, China. Antibiotics 2022; 11(5): 625.
19. Wray C, Davies RH. The epidemiology and ecology of Salmonella in meat-producing animals. In: Torrence ME, Isaacson RE, eds. Microbial Food Safety in Animal Agriculture: Current Topics. 1st ed., Iowa: Iowa State Press, 2003: pp. 73-82.
20. Xu X, Biswas S, Gu G, Elbediwi M, Li Y, Yue M. Characterisation of multidrug resistance patterns of emerging Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen along the food chain in China. Antibiotics2020; 9(10): 660.
21. Yildiz M, Demirbilek SK. Investigation of prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in pet dogs and cats in Turkey. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10: e1513.