Determination of the Microbiological Quality of Bee Pollen

Abstract

In this study, bee pollen; used for its biological benefits particularly in child, elderly and patient nutrition, was investigated in view of whether or not it carried any microbiological hazard. A total of 12 different origin bee pollens were collected from Istanbul and microbiological, moisture and pH analyses were carried out. Analysis results revealed of Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) counts <1.00-3.48 log cfu/g, moulds <1.00-2.04 log cfu/g and yeasts <1.00-2.70 log cfu/g, whereas there was no growth with regard to coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytoge-nes. Examination of the moulds with reference to their macro and micromorphological properties identified Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Alternaria, Mucor, Trichothecium, Cladosporium, Monascus, Geotrichum species. The pollen samples exhibited ranges of 3.75-4.30 in pH value and 1.17-5.80% for moisture levels. In the light of the microbiologi-cal criteria in this study, it was found that bee pollen does not present a health hazard. However, the identified Aspergil-lus and Penicillium species may produce mycotoxins under favourable conditions and present a danger to human health. Therefore, in the production and storage stages of the pollen, contamination must be prevented and conditions allowing mould growth and mycotoxin production must be eliminated.

Keywords

• Bee pollen,microbiological quality,moisture,mould,pH

Arı Poleninin Mikrobiyolojik Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, biyolojik yararlılığı nedeniyle özellikle çocuk, yaşlı ve hasta beslenmesinde kullanılan arı poleninin mikrobiyolojik açıdan kalitesi araştırıldı. İstanbul’un değişik satış noktalarından 12 adet arı poleni toplandı ve çeşitli mikrobiyolojik özellikleri ile rutubet ve pH değerleri açısından analizleri gerçekleştirildi. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, toplam aerobik mezofilik bakteri sayısı (TAMB) <1.00- 3.48 log kob/g, küf sayısı <1.00-2.04 log kob/g, maya sayısı <1.00-2.70 log kob/g aralığında bulunurken; koliform bakteriler, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes tespit edilmedi. Küflerin makro ve mikro-morfolojik özellikleri açısından yapılan incelemede Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Alter-naria, Mucor, Trichothecium, Cladosporium, Monascus, Geotrichum türleri tespit edildi. Polen numunelerinin pH değeri 3.75-4.30, rutubet oranı %1.17-5.80 aralığında bulundu. Bu araştırmada, arı poleninin, yapılan mikrobiyolojik analizleri sonucunda, sağlık açısından tehlike oluşturmadığı belirlendi. Fakat tespit edilen Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria cinsine ait küf türleri uygun koşullarda mikotoksin oluşturabilmekte ve insan sağlığı için tehlikeli olabilmektedirler. Bu nedenle polenin üretimi ve saklanması aşamalarında bulaşmaların engellenmesi, küflerin gelişimine ve mikotoksin oluşumuna neden olan koşulların ortadan kaldırılması gerekli görülmektedir.

Keywords

• Arı poleni,küf,mikrobiyolojik kalite,pH,rutubet

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