Sağlıklı ve Koksidiyozlu Etlik Piliçlerde Sülfakinoksalin’in Doku Yoğunlukları

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlıklı ve Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) ile koksidiyoz oluşturulan etlik piliçlere tek seferde 100 mg/kg.c.a dozunda verilen sülfakinoksalinin doku yoğunluklarını araştırmaktır. Çalışmada günlük, 200 adet, erkek, Avian ırkı etçi civciv kullanıldı. Hayvanlar her bir grupta 40 hayvan olacak şekilde 5 eşit gruba (Grup I, II, III, IV ve V) ayrıldı. Grup IV ve V’deki hayvanlara çalışmanın 24. gününde 10 000 E. tenella oosisti içeren inokulum verildi. İlaç bütün hayvanlara 30. günde uygulandı. İlaç Grup I’deki hayvanlara damar içi, Grup II ve Grup IV’deki hayvanlara kursak içi, Grup III ve Grup V’deki hayvanlara ise içme suyuna katılarak verildi. İlacın verilmesini takiben 1., 4., 8., 12., 18., 24., 30. ve 36. saatlerde 5’er hayvan kesildi ve hayvanların akciğer, karaciğer, böbrek, göğüs kası ve kör bağırsak dokularından örnekler alındı. Doku ilaç yoğunlukları spektrofotometrik olarak belirlendi. İlaç koksidiyozlu hayvanların dokularında (böbrek, karaciğer, akciğer, kör bağırsak ve kas) sağlıklı hayvanlara göre daha yüksek yoğunluklarda tespit edildi. İlacın en fazla biriktiği dokunun böbrek dokusu olduğu ve koksidiyozlu hayvanların kör bağırsak dokusunda sağlıklı hayvanlara göre daha yüksek yoğunlukta bulunduğu tespit edildi. Ayrıca ilacın içme suyuyla verilmesi durumunda dokulardaki yoğunluklarının kursak içine göre daha düşük olduğu belirlendi.

Keywords

• Doku yoğunlukları,E. tenella,etlik piliç,sülfakinoksalin

Tissue Concentrations of Sulphaquinoxaline in Healthy and E. tenella Infected Chickens

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the tissue concentrations of sulphaquinoxaline after single administration of 100 mg/kg b.w. to healthy and Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) infected chickens. In this study, 200 one- day-old, male, Avian race, broiler chicks were used. The animals were divided into 5 equal groups (Group I, II, III, IV and V) and consisting of 40 chicks in each. The animals in Group IV and V were infected on 24th day with E. tenella inoculum that contains 10 000 E. tenella oocysts. The drug was applied to all chickens on the 30th day. The drug was given to Group I intravenously, intracrop to Group II and Group IV and, in drinking water to Group III and to Group V. Five animals from each group were sacrificed after the drug administration at 1, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36th hours and samples were taken from the tissues of lung, liver, kidney, breast muscle and caecum of animals. The concentrations of drug in tissue samples were measured by spectrophotometry. The level of drug was determined much higher in the tissues of chickens (kidney, liver, lung, caecum and muscle) with coccidiosis than healthy ones. The highest level of drug accumulation was occurred in the kidney tissue and the concentration of drug determined much higher in the caecum tissues of coccidiosed chickens, compared to healthy counterparts. Additionally, it was found that the concentration of the drug in tissues was lower when the drug was given in drinking water than when it was given intracrop. 

Keywords

• : Broiler chicken,E. tenella,sulphaquinoxaline,tissue concentration

References

1. Atef M, Mohammed MA, Sokkar SM. Blood and tissue level of sulphamerazine in chickens. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A 1978; 25(2): 149-54.
2. 2. Atta AH, El-Zeni, Samia A. Tissue residues of some sulfonamides in normal and Eimeria stiedai infected rabbits. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1999; 106(7): 295-8.
3. 3. Aylott MV, Vestal OH, Stephens JF, Turk DE. Effect of coccidial infection upon passage rates of digestive tract content of chicks. Poult Sci 1968; 47(3): 900-4.
4. 4. Banerjee NC, Yadava KP, Jha HN. Distribution of sulphaquinoxaline in tissues of poultry. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1974; 18(4): 361-3.
5. 5. Bratton AC, Marshall EK. A new coupling component for sulphanilamide determination. J Biol Chem 1939; 128: 537-50.
6. 6. De Gussem M. Coccidiosis in poultry: review on diagnosis, control, prevention and interaction with overall gut health. 16th European on Poultry Nutrition. Proceedings of the 16th European Symposium of World Poultry Science Association. August, 26-30, 2007; Strasbourg, France.
7. 7. El-Sayed MG, Abd El-Aziz MI, El-Kholy MH. Kinetic behaviour of sulphaquinoxaline and amprolium in chickens. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1995; 102(12): 481-5.
8. 8. Epstein RL, Ashworth RB. Tissue sulfonamide concentrations and correlation in turkey. Am J Vet Res 1989; 50(6): 926-8.

9. 9. Furusawa N, Tsuzukida Y. Tissue concentrations of sulphaqinoxaline administered in the food of laying hens. Br Poult Sci 1998; 39(5): 683-5.
10. 10. Furusawa N, Tsuzukida Y, Yamaguchi H. Decreasing profile of residual sulphaqinoxaline in egg. Br Poult Sci 1998; 39(2): 241-4.
11. 11. Haritova AM, Lashev LD, Koinarski CV. Sulfachoropyrazine disposition in Eimeria tenella infected chickens. Vet Arhiv 2013; 83(2): 211-22.
12. 12. Hoff RB, Meneghini L, Pizzolato TM, Peralba MCR, Diaz-Cruz MS, Barcelo D. Stuctural elucidation of sulfaquinoxaline metabolism products and their occurrence in biological samples using High-Resolution Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86(11): 557-86.
13. 13. Kant V, Singh P, Verma PK, Bais I, Parmar MS, Gopal A, Gupta V. Anticoccidial drugs used in the poultry: An overview. Science International 2013; 1(7): 261-5.
14. 14. Lebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Kowalski CJ. Residue depletion of sulfachlorpyrazine in edible tissues of broiler chickens. Food Addit & Contam: Part A 2013; 30(2): 272-7.
15. 15. Luders H, Lai KW, Hinz KH. Blut-und gewebespiegel von sulfametazin und sulfaquinoxalin bei broilern nach verabreichung der medikamente über das trinkwasser. Zbl Vet Med B 1974; 21: 110-18.
16. 16. Mcdougald LR, Reid WM. Protozoa. Calnek BW. Barnes HJ. Beard CW. Reid WM. Yoder HW. eds. In: Diseases of Poultry. Ames: Iowa State Univ Pres, 1991; pp. 781-97.
17. 17. Reid WM. Protozoa. Calnek BW. Barnes HJ. Beard W. Reid WM. Yoder HW. In: Diseases of Poultry. Ames: Iowa State University Pres, 1991, p. 779.
18. 18. Righter HF, Worthington BS, Zimmerman HE, Mercer HD. Tissue residue depletion of sulfaquinoxaline in poultry. Am J Vet Res 1970; 31(6): 1051-4.
19. 19. Schildt CS, Herrick CA. The effect of cecal coccidiosis on the motility of the digestive tract of the domestic fowls. J Parasitol 1955; 4: 18-9.
20. 20. White G, Willams RS. Evaluation of a mixture of trimethoprim and sulphaquinoxaline for the treatment of bacterial and coccidial diseases of poultry. Vet Rec 1983; 113(26-27): 608-12.
21. Witlock DR, Ruff MO, Chute MB. Physiogical basis of Eimeria tenella-induced mortality individual chickens. J Parasitol 1981; 67(1): 65-9.
22. 22. Willams RB, Farebrother DA, Latter VS. Coccidiosis: A radiological study of sulphaquinoxaline distrubition in infection and uninfection chickens. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1995; 18(3): 172-9.