Analytical Methods for Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Animal Feeds and Feedstuffs

Abstract

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is an Aspergillus spp. produced mycotoxins which is identified as one of the key contaminant of feeds and toxic to some degree to all species tested to date. Because of its hepatocarcinogenic nature, AFB1 has obtained significant attention in past few years. A number of analytical, diagnostic and immunological procedures are available for assessment and estimation of AFB1 in different feeds such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and electrochemical immunosensors (ECI). All available analytical methods for determination of AFB1 principally included the same steps like, sampling, sample preparation, detection, confirmation, and finally risk assessment. HPLC approaches are most commonly used nowadays because of their high accuracy, precision and sensitivity. Since late 20th century, many countries including Turkey has imposed strict rules and regulations regarding AFB1 in food and animal feed related industry to protect the consumer from the detrimental effects of the toxin. In this article, a number of analytical techniques for determination of AFB1 in feeds and feedstuffs starting from sampling to risk assessment and international regulations are reviewed.

Keywords

• Aflatoxin B1
• analytical methods
• international regualtions
• risk assessment
• sampling

Hayvan Yem ve Yem Hammaddelerinde Aflatoksin B1’in Belirlenmesi İçin Analiz Yöntemleri

Abstract

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) yemlerde ana kirletici olan Aspergillus türleri tarafından üretilen ve bütün türlerde belirli derecelerde zehirli olan bir mikotoksindir. Karaciğer karsinojeni olduğundan, son yıllarda ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. AB1’in çeşitli yemlerden analizinde enzim bağlı immunosorbent assay (ELİSA), ince tabaka kromatografisi (İTK), yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografi (HPLC), sıvı kromatografi tandem kütle spektrometrisi (LC- MS/MS) ve elektrokimyasal immünosensör (EKİ) gibi yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Belirtilen yöntemlerin hepsinde örnek alma ve hazırlama, tespit, doğrulama ve risk değerlendirme aşamaları bulunur. HPLC yüksek doğruluk, kesinlik ve hassasiyetinden dolayı en yaygın kullanılan analiz yöntemidir. Türkiye dahil birçok ülke, 20. yy. sonundan beri, tüketiciyi zararlı etkilerinden korumak için gıda ve yem ile ilgili sektörlerde AFB1 için katı kural ve düzenlemeler yürürlüğe koymuştur. Bu makalede, yem ve yem hammadelerinde, örneklemeden risk değerlendirme aşamasına kadar, AFB1 analizinde kullanılan çeşitli yöntemler ve uluslarası düzenlemeler derlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Aflatoksin B1
• analiz yöntemleri
• örnekleme
• risk değerlendirmesi
• uluslararası düzenlemeler

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