Bacterial Taxonomy and Methods in Identifying New Species

Year 2016, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 50 - 57, 01.08.2016

H. Dilşad Açıkalın H. Kaan Müştak

Abstract

 The system which separates the microorganisms into the different groups by considering the similar and different
characteristics of the microorganisms is named taxonomy. Molecular diagnostic methods as alternatives to conventional
methods used for classification and naming of bacteria have been developed, including the 16S rRNA sequence analysis and
DNA: DNA hybridization methods have been put forward as the most current techniques. Strains showing 70% or more DNA:
DNA hybridization and 97% or more 16S rRNA sequence homology is considered to be the same species. As a result of these
rates, strains which have been identified as different bacterial species can be published in various scientific journals and by
entering the national culture collection thought monitoring official protocols. In this paper, requisite methods to identify new
bacterial species are summarized briefly explaining the conditions to enter into the national culture collections.

Keywords

Bacteria, hybridization, taxonomy, 16S rRNA

Bakteriyel Taksonomi ve Yeni Türlerin Belirlenmesinde Kullanılan Yöntemler

Abstract

Mikroorganizmaların farklı ve benzer özelliklerini dikkate alarak gruplara ayırma ve belirleme işlemlerinin oluşturduğu
sisteme taksonomi denir. Bakterilerin sınıflandırması ve adlandırması için kullanılan konvansiyonel yöntemlere alternatif olarak
moleküler tanı yöntemleri geliştirilmiş, bunlar arasında da 16S rRNA dizi analizi ve DNA:DNA hibridizasyon yöntemleri en
geçerli teknikler olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Sınıflandırmada %70 veya daha fazla DNA:DNA hibridizasyonu gösteren ve 16S
rRNA sekanslamasında %97 veya daha fazla benzerlik gösteren suşlar aynı tür olarak dikkate alınır. İdentifiye edilen türler
belirlenen kurallara göre çeşitli bilimsel dergilerde yayımlanır ve resmi protokoller izlenerek ulusal kültür koleksiyonlarında yer
alırlar. Bu derlemede, yeni bakteri türlerini tanımlayabilmek için gerekli olan metotlar kısaca anlatılarak bu türlerin sınıflandırılması
ve ulusal kültür koleksiyonlarına girebilmesi için gerekli koşullar özetlenmiştir.

Keywords

Bakteri, hibridizasyon, taksonomi, 16S rRNA

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