Osteochondrosis of the Humeral Head in Dogs

Year 2016, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 188 - 194, 17.12.2016

Didar Aydın Kaya Kemal Altunatmaz Dilek Olgun Erdikmen Defne Joan Şadalak Özlem Güzel S. Erdem Acar

Abstract

In this study, the clinical progress and the treatment results of 22 dogs with humeral head osteochondrosis dissecans brought to Istanbul University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Surgery with a complaint of front limb lameness have been evaluated. Diagnosis of OCD was made out with direct radiography, positive-contrasted arthrography, and arthroscopy. Arthrotomy was performed on five of bilaterally, totally 27, glenohumeral joint for remo-val of OCD flaps and curettage of the located area. Functional recovery of OCD lesions located on the caudocentral-medial region was 37 days on average and for those located on the caudosentral region was 47 days following the arthrotomy. In this study, Kangal was the most common breed that was found conspicuous and the aim was to share our findings and results of treatment with our colleagues.

Keywords

Dog, humerus, kangal, osteochondrosis dissecans

Köpeklerde Humerus Başının Ostekondrozis Dissekansı

Abstract

Bu çalışmada İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı’na ön bacakta topallık şikayeti ile getirilen, tanısı humerus başında osteokondrozis dissekans (OCD) olan, 22 adet köpeğin klinik durumları ve sağaltım sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. OCD’nin tanısı direkt radyografi, pozitif kontrastlı artrografi ve artroskopi ile konulmuştur. OCD fleplerinin uzaklaştırılması ve bölgenin küretajına yönelik artrotomi işlemi beşi bilateral olmak üzere toplam 27 glenohumeral ekleme uygulanmıştır. Artrotomi sonrasında fonksiyonel iyileşme OCD lezyonunun humerus başında kaudosentral-medial yerleşimli olanlarda ortalama 37, kaudosentral yerleşimli olanlarda ise ortalama 47 gün olarak belirlendi. Sunulan bu çalışmada Kangal ırkı köpeklerin olgular arasında en sık rastlanan ırk olarak belirlenmesi dikkat çekici bulunurken bulguların ve sağaltım sonuçlarının meslektaşlarımızla paylaşılması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Humerus, kangal, köpek, osteokondrozis dissekans

References

• 1. Biezynski J, Skrzypczak P, Piatek A, Kosciolek N, Drozdzynska M. Assessment of treatment of osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) of shoulder joint in dogs – the results of two years of expe-rience. Pol J Vet Sci 2012; 15(2): 285-90.
• 2. Breur GJ, Lembrechts NE. Osteochondrosis. Tobias MK, Johnston AS. eds. In: Veterinary Surgery Small Animal. Missouri: Saunders, 2012; pp. 1178-90.
• 3. Bruggeman M, Van Vynckt D, Van Ryssen B, Bolln G, Chiers K, Gielen I, de Rooster H. Os-teochondritis dissecans of the humeral head in two small-breed dogs. Vet Rec 2010; 166(5): 139-41.
• 4. Callahan TF, Ackerman N. The supinated me-diolateral radiograph for detection of humeral head osteochondrosis in the dog. Vet Radiol 1985; 26: 144-8.
• 5. Craig PH, Riser WH. Osteochondritis disse-cans in the proximal humerus of the dog. J Am Vet Radiol 1965; 6: 40-9.
• 6. Fitzpatrick N, van Terheijden C, Yeadon R, Smith TJ. Osteochondral autograft transfer for treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the caudocentral humeral head in dogs. Vet Surg 2010; 39(8): 925-35.
• 7. Johnson AL. Growth Deformities. Olmstead ML. eds. In: Small Animal Orthopaedics. Phila-delphia: Mosby, 1995: pp. 293-309.
• 8. Johnston AS. Osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral head. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1998; 28(1): 33-49.
• 9. Kuroki K, Cook JL, Tomlinson JL, Kreeger JM. In vitro characterization of chondrocytes isola-ted from naturally occurring osteochondrosis lesions of the humeral head of dogs. Am J Vet Res 2002; 63(2): 186-93.
• 10. Kippenes H, Johnston G. Diagnostic imaging of osteochondrosis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1998; 28(1): 137-60.
• 11. Lande R, Reese SL, Cuddy LC, Berry CR, Poz-zi A. Prevalance of computed tomographic subchondral bone lesions in the scapulohume-ral joint of 32 immature dogs with thoracic limb lameness. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2014; 55(1): 23-8.
• 12. Leighton RL. Historical perspectives of osteoc-hondrosis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1998; 28(1): 1-16.
• 13. Mistieri MLA, Pascon JPE, Duarte AC. Diag-nostic ultrasonography of the shoulder in dogs-scan techniques and common findings. Semin-Cienc Agrar 2015; 36(5): 3245-56.
• 14. Morgan JP, Wind A, Davidson AP, eds. Heredi-tary Bone and Joint Diseases in the Dog: Oste-ochondroses, Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia. First Edition. Hannover: Schlütersche GmbH&Co. KG, 2000; pp.21-3.
• 15. Necas A, Dvorak M, Zatloukal J. Incidence of osteochondrosis in dogs and its late diagnosis. Acta Vet Brno 1999; 68(2): 131-9.
• 16. Novotny D, Runyon CL. Osteochondrosis dis-secans in the dog. Iowa State University Veteri-narian. 1986; 48(1): 12
• 17. Olivieri M, Ciliberto E, Hulse AD, Vezzoni A, Ingravalle F, Peirone B. Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the shoulder in 126 dogs. Vet Comp Orthopaed 2007; 20(1): 65-9.
• 18. Olstad K, Ekman S, Carlson CS. An update on the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis. Vet Pat-hol 2015; 52(5): 785-802.
• 19. Orellana-Jaimes N, Ginja MM, Roman-Llorens FS, Garcia-Gomez M, Orden MA, Altonaga JR, Gonzalo-Orden JM. Magnetic resonance ima-ging: findings of osteochondrosis like-lesions in glenoid fossa and proximal humeral me-taphyses in a dog: A case report. Vet Med-Chzech 2015; 60(7): 387-90.
• 20. Peterson CJ. Osteochondritis disecans of the humeral head of a cat. NZ Vet J 1984; 32(7): 115-6.
• 21. Ralphs SC. Bilateral stifle osteochondritis dis-secans in a cat. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2005; 41(1):78-80.
• 22. Schwarze RA, Tano CA, Carroll VW. Glenoid dysplasia and osteochondritis dissecans in a cat. Can Vet J 2015; 56(7): 749-52.
• 23. Story EC. Prognostic value of arthrography in canine shoulder osteochondrosis (osteochon- dritis) dissecans. Vet Clin Noth Am 1978; 8: 30-308.
• 24. Trostel CT, McLaughlin RM, Pool RR. Canine lameness caused by developmental diseases: osteochondrosis. Compendium Cont Ed Pract 2002; 24: 836-54.
• 25. Van Bree HJ, Van Ryssen B. Diagnostic and surgical arthroscopy in osteochondrosis lesi-ons. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1998; 28(1): 161-89.
• 26. Wall CR, Cristi R. Cook CR, Cook JI. Diagnos-tic sensitivity of radiography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging for detecting shoulder osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dis-secans in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2015; 56(1): 3-11.
• 27. Ytrehus B, Carlson CS, Ekman S. Etiology and pathogenesis of osteochondrosis. Vet Pathol 2007; 44(4): 429-48.