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Türkiye’de Köpeklere Kene Aracılığıyla Bulaşan Hastalıklar*

Year 2016, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 223 - 230, 18.12.2016

Abstract

Köpeklerde dünya genelinde yaygın olarak görülen ve keneler aracılığıya bulaşan hastalıklar anaplasmozis, babesiozis, ehrlichiozis, hemoplasmozis, hepatozoonozis, Lyme borreliozis, kene kaynaklı ensefalitis ve rickettsiozistir. Bulaşmada Ixodidae familyasındaki keneler rol oynamaktadır. Kene kaynaklı ensefalitis hariç, diğerleri ile ilgili Türki-ye’den de bildirimler bulunmaktadır. Bu hastalıklardan bazıları (anaplasmozis, babesiozis, ehrlichiozis, hepatozoonozis ve rickettsiozis) erken dönemde uygun tedavi uygulanmadığında ölümcül olabildiği gibi, bazıları ise (hepatozoonozis ve lyme borreliozis) subklinik bir seyir de gösterebilmektedir. Anaplasmozis, ehrlichiozis, Lyme borreliozis, rickettsiyozis gibi zoonoz karakterde olanlar hem hayvan hemde insan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Lyme borrelliozis hariç diğerlerin-de kullanılan etkili bir aşı olmadığından hastalıklardan korunmada en etkili yol kene mücadelesidir. Bu derlemede Tür-kiye’de köpeklerde görülen kene kaynaklı hastalıklar ve bu hastalıkların Türkiye’deki seroprevalansları hakkında güncel bilgiler sunulmuştur.

References

  • 1. Aktas M, Özübek S, Altay K, Ipek NDS, Bal-kaya İ, Utuk AE, Kırbas A, Şimsek S, Du-manlı N. Molecular detection of tick-borne rickettsial and protozoan pathogens in do-mestic dogs from Turkey. Parasites Vectors 2015; 14(8): 1-6.
  • 2. Aysul N, Ural K, Cetinkaya H, Kuşkucu M, Toros G, Eren H, Durum C. Doxycycline-Chloroquine combination for the treatment of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Acta Sci Vet 2012; 40 (2): 1-7.
  • 3. Aysul N, Ural K, Ulutaş B, Eren H, Karagenç T. Aydın ilinde bir köpekte Babesia gibsoni olgusu. 16. Ulusal Parazitoloji Kongresi. 1-7 Kasım, 2009; Adana-Türkiye.
  • 4. Aysul N, Ural K, Ulutaş B, Eren H, Karagenç T. First detection and molecular identification of Babesia gibsoni in two dogs from the Ay-dın province of Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2013; 37(2): 226-9.
  • 5. Aytuğ N. Köpek ve Kedilerin İç Hastalıkları. Birinci Baskı. Malatya, Medipres Matbaacılık, 2012; s. 277.
  • 6. Baneth G, Vincent-Johson N. Hepatozoono-sis. SE Shaw, MJ Day, eds. In Arthropod-borne Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Third Edition. London: Manson Puplis-hing, 2005; pp. 78-88.
  • 7. Baneth G. Hepatozoonosis. F. Beugent, eds. In Guide to Vector Borne Diseases of Pets. Lyon: Merial, 2013; pp. 281-291.
  • 8. Barker EN, Tasker S, Day MJ, Warman SM, Wolley K, Birtles R, Georges KC, Ezeokoli CD, Newaj-Fayzul A, Campbell MD, Spara-gano OAE, Cleaveland S, Helps CR. Deve-lopment and use of real-time PCR to detect and quantify Mycoplasma haemocanis and ‘‘Candidatus mycoplasma haematoparvum’’ in dogs. Vet Microbiol 2010; 140(1-29): 167-70.
  • 9. Batmaz H, Nevo E, Waner T, Sentürk S, Yıl-maz Z, Harrus S. Seroprevalence of E.canis antibodies among dogs in Turkey. Vet Rec 2001; 148(21): 665-6.
  • 10.Beugnet F, Marié JL. Emerging arthropod-borne diseases of companion animals in Eu-rope. Vet Parasitol 2009; 163(4): 298-305.
  • 11.Bhide M, Yilmaz Z, Golcu E, Torun S, Mikula I. Seroprevalence of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in dogs and horses in Turkey. Ann Agri Environ Med 2008; 15(1): 85-90.
  • 12.Carli E, Tasca S, Trotta M, Furlanello T, Cal-din M, Solano-Gallego L. Detection of eryth-rocyte binding IgM and IgG by flow cyto-metry in sick dogs with Babesia canis canis or Babesia canis vogeli infection. Vet Parasi-tol 2009; 162(1-2): 51-7.
  • 13.Carrade DD, Foley JE, Borjesson DL, Say-kes JE. Canine granulocytic anaplasmosis: A review. J Vet Int Med 2009; 23(6): 1129-41.
  • 14.Dambach DM, Smith CA, Lewis RM, Van Winkle TJ. Morphologic, immunohistochemi-cal, and ultrastructural characterization of a distinctive renal lesion in dogs putatively as-sociated with borrelia burgdorferi infection: 49 cases (1987–1992). Vet Pathol 1997; 34(2): 85-96.
  • 15.Dodurka HT, Bakırel U. Bir köpekte ehrlichio-sis olgusu. İstanbul Univ Vet Fak Derg 2002; 28(1): 11-6.
  • 16.Durden LA, Beati L. Modern tick systematics. DE. Sonenshine, MR Roe, eds. In Biology of Ticks. Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014; pp. 17-59.
  • 17.Düzlü Ö, İnci A, Yıldırım A, Önder Z, Çiloğlu A. Köpeklerde kene kaynaklı bazı protozoon ve rickettsial enfeksiyonların real time PCR ile araştırılması ve saptanan izolatların mole-küler karakterizasyonları. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2014; 61(4): 275-82.
  • 18.Eberts MD, Diniz PPVD, Beall MJ, Stillman BA, Chandrashekar R, Breitschwerdt EB. Typical and atypical manifestations of Anap-lasma phagocytophilum in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2011; 47(6): 86-94.
  • 19.Gallego LS, Baneth G. Babesiosis in dogs and cat-expanting parasitological and clinical spectra. Vet Parasitol 2011; 181(1): 48-60.
  • 20.Gökçe E, Kırmızıgül AH, Taşcı GT, Uzlu E, Gündüz N, Vatansever Z. Türkiye’de köpek-lerde Babesia canis canisin klinik ve parazi-tolojik olarak ilk tesbiti. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2013; 19(4): 717-20.
  • 21.Göksu K, Tüzer E, Bilal T. Bir köpekte hae-mobartonellosis. İst Üniv Vet Fak Derg 1978; 4(1): 79-85.
  • 22.Greene CE, Breitschwerdt EB. Rocky Moun-tain spotted fever, Q Fever, and typhus. CE. Greene, eds. In Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. Second edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1998; pp. 155-62.
  • 23.Gülanber EG, Gülanber A, Albayrak R, Gü-lanber NG, Polat E. Lyme disease (borreliosis) in a Saint Bernard dog: First clinical case in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2007; 31(5): 367-9.
  • 24.Güneş T, Poyraz O, Babacan A. The serop-revalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in clinically healthy dogs from Sinop region of Turkey. Cumhuriyet Med J 2011; 33(4): 396-401.
  • 25.Güneş T, Poyraz Ö, Babacan A. Sinop yöresinde klinik olarak sağlıklı görülen köpekler-de Ehrlichia canis ve Rickettsia conori’nin seroepidemiyolojik araştırılması. Cumhuriyet Tıp Derg 2012; 34(1): 17-22.
  • 26.Harrus S, Waner T, Bark H, Jongejan F, Cor-nelissen AWCA. Minireview. Recent advan-ces in determining the pathogenesis of cani-ne monocytic ehrlichiosis. J Clin Mic 1999; 37(9): 2745-9.
  • 27.Harrus S, Waner T. Diagnosis of canine mo-nocytotropic ehrlichiosis (E.canis): An over-view. Vet J Mar 2011; 187(3): 292-6.
  • 28.Irwin P. Babesiosis and cytauxzoonosis. SE. Shaw, MJ. Day, eds. In Arthropod-born Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Third Edition. London: Manson Puplishing, 2005; pp. 63-72.
  • 29.İcen H, Sekin S, Simsek A, Kochan A, Çelik OY, Altas MG. Prevalence of Diroflaria immi-tis, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi infec-tion in dogs from Diyarbakir in Turkey. Asian J Anim Vet Adv 2011; 6(4): 371-8.
  • 30.Karagenç T, Hoşgör M, Bilgiç HB, Paşa S, Kırlı G, Eren H. Ege bölgesinde köpeklerde E. canis, A. phagocytophilum ve A. platys’ in prevalansının nested-PCR ile tespiti. 14. Ulu-sal Parazitoloji Kongresi, 18-25 Eylül, 2005, İzmir, Türkiye.
  • 31.Karagenç T, Paşa S, Kirli G, Hoşgör M, Bil-giç HB, Ozon YH, Atasoy E, Eren H. A para-sitogical, molecular and serological survey of Hepatozoon canis infection in dogs around the Aegean coast of Turkey. Vet Parasitol 2006; 135(2): 113-9.
  • 32.Kırkan Ş, Savaşan S, Erbaş G, Parın U. Pre-valance of Rickettsia rickettsii infection in dogs frrom the urban and rural areas of wes-tern Turkey. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2013; 60(3): 165-9.
  • 33.Levy SA, Magnarelli LA. Relationship between development of antibodies to Borre-lia burgdorferi in dogs and the subsequent development of limb/joint borreliosis. JAVMA 1992; 200(3): 344-7.
  • 34.McBride JW, Corstvet RE, Gaunt SD, Boudreaux C, Guedry T, Walker DH. Kine-tics of antibody response to Ehrlichia canis immunoreactive proteins. Infect Immun 2003; 71(5): 2516-24.
  • 35.Mazuz LM, Wolkomirsky R, Sherman A, Sa-vitzsky I, Waner T, Golenser J, Shkap V. Concurrent neosporosis and hepatozoonosis in a litter of pups. Israel J Vet Med 2015; 70(1): 53-6.
  • 36.Messick JB. New perspectives about Hemot-rophic mycoplasma (formerly, Haemobarto-nella and Eperythrozoon species) infections in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am-Small Anim Pract 2003; 33(6): 1453-65.
  • 37.Neer TM, Breitschwerdt EB, Green RT, Lap-pin MR. Consensus statement on ehrlichial diseases of small animals from the infectious disease study group of the ACVIM. J Vet Int Med 2002; 16(3): 309-15.
  • 38.Neimark H, Johanson KE, Rikihisa Y, Tully JG. Revision of haemotrophic Mycoplasma species names. Int J Syst Evol Micr 2002; 52(2): 683.
  • 39.Otranto D, Paradies P, Testini G, Latrofa MS, Weigl S, Cantacessi C, Mencke N, de Caprariis D, Parisi A, Capelli G, Stanneck D. Application of 10% imidocarpil 50% permeth-rin to prevent Ehrlichia canis exposure in dog under natural conditions. Vet Parasitol 2008; 153(3-4): 320-8.
  • 40.Paşa S, Kıral F, Karagenc T, Atasoy A, Sey-rek K. Description of dogs naturally infected with Hepatozoon canis in the Aegean region of Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2009; 33(4): 289-95.
  • 41.Pekmezci D, Ural K, Aysul N, Guzel M. As-sessment of renal function using canine cys-tatin-c levels in canine babesiosis and ehrlic-hiosis. Acta Vet-Beograd 2015; 65(1): 56-65.
  • 42.Rikihisa Y. Mechanisms to create a safe ha-ven by members of the family Anaplasmata-ceae. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 990: 548-55.
  • 43.Sari B, Taşçı GT, Kılıç Y. Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis and Borre-lia burgdorferi in dogs in Iğdır province, Tur-key. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2013; 19(5): 735-9.
  • 44.Seyrek K, Karagenç T, Paşa S, Kıral F, Ata-soy A. Serum zinc, iron and copper concent-rations in dogs infected with Hepatozoon canis. Acta Vet Brno 2009; 78(3): 471-5.
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Tick-Borne Diseases in Dogs in Turkey

Year 2016, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 223 - 230, 18.12.2016

Abstract

Diseases commonly occurring and transmitted from ticks to dogs worldwide are anaplasmosis, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, hemoplasmosis, hepatozoonosis, Lyme borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis, and rickettsiosis. Ticks of the family Ixodidae have a role in transmission of disease agents. Except for tick-borne encephalitis, there are also reports from Turkey related to other diseases. Some of these diseases (anaplasmosis, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, hepatozoono-sis, and rickettsiosis) may be fatal if suitable treatment is not administered in the early phase, as well as some of these diseases (hepatozoonosis and Lyme borreliosis) have also subclinical course. Zoonotic diseases such as anaplasmo-sis, ehrlichiosis, Lyme borreliosis, rickettsiosis pose a risk for both animal and human health. Excluding Lyme borrelio-sis vaccine, there are not effective vaccines against the other diseases; therefore the most effective way is the tick control in prevention of these diseases. In this review, current knowledge is presented on tick-borne diseases in dogs and seroprevalences of these diseases in Turkey.

References

  • 1. Aktas M, Özübek S, Altay K, Ipek NDS, Bal-kaya İ, Utuk AE, Kırbas A, Şimsek S, Du-manlı N. Molecular detection of tick-borne rickettsial and protozoan pathogens in do-mestic dogs from Turkey. Parasites Vectors 2015; 14(8): 1-6.
  • 2. Aysul N, Ural K, Cetinkaya H, Kuşkucu M, Toros G, Eren H, Durum C. Doxycycline-Chloroquine combination for the treatment of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Acta Sci Vet 2012; 40 (2): 1-7.
  • 3. Aysul N, Ural K, Ulutaş B, Eren H, Karagenç T. Aydın ilinde bir köpekte Babesia gibsoni olgusu. 16. Ulusal Parazitoloji Kongresi. 1-7 Kasım, 2009; Adana-Türkiye.
  • 4. Aysul N, Ural K, Ulutaş B, Eren H, Karagenç T. First detection and molecular identification of Babesia gibsoni in two dogs from the Ay-dın province of Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2013; 37(2): 226-9.
  • 5. Aytuğ N. Köpek ve Kedilerin İç Hastalıkları. Birinci Baskı. Malatya, Medipres Matbaacılık, 2012; s. 277.
  • 6. Baneth G, Vincent-Johson N. Hepatozoono-sis. SE Shaw, MJ Day, eds. In Arthropod-borne Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Third Edition. London: Manson Puplis-hing, 2005; pp. 78-88.
  • 7. Baneth G. Hepatozoonosis. F. Beugent, eds. In Guide to Vector Borne Diseases of Pets. Lyon: Merial, 2013; pp. 281-291.
  • 8. Barker EN, Tasker S, Day MJ, Warman SM, Wolley K, Birtles R, Georges KC, Ezeokoli CD, Newaj-Fayzul A, Campbell MD, Spara-gano OAE, Cleaveland S, Helps CR. Deve-lopment and use of real-time PCR to detect and quantify Mycoplasma haemocanis and ‘‘Candidatus mycoplasma haematoparvum’’ in dogs. Vet Microbiol 2010; 140(1-29): 167-70.
  • 9. Batmaz H, Nevo E, Waner T, Sentürk S, Yıl-maz Z, Harrus S. Seroprevalence of E.canis antibodies among dogs in Turkey. Vet Rec 2001; 148(21): 665-6.
  • 10.Beugnet F, Marié JL. Emerging arthropod-borne diseases of companion animals in Eu-rope. Vet Parasitol 2009; 163(4): 298-305.
  • 11.Bhide M, Yilmaz Z, Golcu E, Torun S, Mikula I. Seroprevalence of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in dogs and horses in Turkey. Ann Agri Environ Med 2008; 15(1): 85-90.
  • 12.Carli E, Tasca S, Trotta M, Furlanello T, Cal-din M, Solano-Gallego L. Detection of eryth-rocyte binding IgM and IgG by flow cyto-metry in sick dogs with Babesia canis canis or Babesia canis vogeli infection. Vet Parasi-tol 2009; 162(1-2): 51-7.
  • 13.Carrade DD, Foley JE, Borjesson DL, Say-kes JE. Canine granulocytic anaplasmosis: A review. J Vet Int Med 2009; 23(6): 1129-41.
  • 14.Dambach DM, Smith CA, Lewis RM, Van Winkle TJ. Morphologic, immunohistochemi-cal, and ultrastructural characterization of a distinctive renal lesion in dogs putatively as-sociated with borrelia burgdorferi infection: 49 cases (1987–1992). Vet Pathol 1997; 34(2): 85-96.
  • 15.Dodurka HT, Bakırel U. Bir köpekte ehrlichio-sis olgusu. İstanbul Univ Vet Fak Derg 2002; 28(1): 11-6.
  • 16.Durden LA, Beati L. Modern tick systematics. DE. Sonenshine, MR Roe, eds. In Biology of Ticks. Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014; pp. 17-59.
  • 17.Düzlü Ö, İnci A, Yıldırım A, Önder Z, Çiloğlu A. Köpeklerde kene kaynaklı bazı protozoon ve rickettsial enfeksiyonların real time PCR ile araştırılması ve saptanan izolatların mole-küler karakterizasyonları. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2014; 61(4): 275-82.
  • 18.Eberts MD, Diniz PPVD, Beall MJ, Stillman BA, Chandrashekar R, Breitschwerdt EB. Typical and atypical manifestations of Anap-lasma phagocytophilum in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2011; 47(6): 86-94.
  • 19.Gallego LS, Baneth G. Babesiosis in dogs and cat-expanting parasitological and clinical spectra. Vet Parasitol 2011; 181(1): 48-60.
  • 20.Gökçe E, Kırmızıgül AH, Taşcı GT, Uzlu E, Gündüz N, Vatansever Z. Türkiye’de köpek-lerde Babesia canis canisin klinik ve parazi-tolojik olarak ilk tesbiti. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2013; 19(4): 717-20.
  • 21.Göksu K, Tüzer E, Bilal T. Bir köpekte hae-mobartonellosis. İst Üniv Vet Fak Derg 1978; 4(1): 79-85.
  • 22.Greene CE, Breitschwerdt EB. Rocky Moun-tain spotted fever, Q Fever, and typhus. CE. Greene, eds. In Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. Second edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1998; pp. 155-62.
  • 23.Gülanber EG, Gülanber A, Albayrak R, Gü-lanber NG, Polat E. Lyme disease (borreliosis) in a Saint Bernard dog: First clinical case in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2007; 31(5): 367-9.
  • 24.Güneş T, Poyraz O, Babacan A. The serop-revalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in clinically healthy dogs from Sinop region of Turkey. Cumhuriyet Med J 2011; 33(4): 396-401.
  • 25.Güneş T, Poyraz Ö, Babacan A. Sinop yöresinde klinik olarak sağlıklı görülen köpekler-de Ehrlichia canis ve Rickettsia conori’nin seroepidemiyolojik araştırılması. Cumhuriyet Tıp Derg 2012; 34(1): 17-22.
  • 26.Harrus S, Waner T, Bark H, Jongejan F, Cor-nelissen AWCA. Minireview. Recent advan-ces in determining the pathogenesis of cani-ne monocytic ehrlichiosis. J Clin Mic 1999; 37(9): 2745-9.
  • 27.Harrus S, Waner T. Diagnosis of canine mo-nocytotropic ehrlichiosis (E.canis): An over-view. Vet J Mar 2011; 187(3): 292-6.
  • 28.Irwin P. Babesiosis and cytauxzoonosis. SE. Shaw, MJ. Day, eds. In Arthropod-born Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Third Edition. London: Manson Puplishing, 2005; pp. 63-72.
  • 29.İcen H, Sekin S, Simsek A, Kochan A, Çelik OY, Altas MG. Prevalence of Diroflaria immi-tis, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi infec-tion in dogs from Diyarbakir in Turkey. Asian J Anim Vet Adv 2011; 6(4): 371-8.
  • 30.Karagenç T, Hoşgör M, Bilgiç HB, Paşa S, Kırlı G, Eren H. Ege bölgesinde köpeklerde E. canis, A. phagocytophilum ve A. platys’ in prevalansının nested-PCR ile tespiti. 14. Ulu-sal Parazitoloji Kongresi, 18-25 Eylül, 2005, İzmir, Türkiye.
  • 31.Karagenç T, Paşa S, Kirli G, Hoşgör M, Bil-giç HB, Ozon YH, Atasoy E, Eren H. A para-sitogical, molecular and serological survey of Hepatozoon canis infection in dogs around the Aegean coast of Turkey. Vet Parasitol 2006; 135(2): 113-9.
  • 32.Kırkan Ş, Savaşan S, Erbaş G, Parın U. Pre-valance of Rickettsia rickettsii infection in dogs frrom the urban and rural areas of wes-tern Turkey. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2013; 60(3): 165-9.
  • 33.Levy SA, Magnarelli LA. Relationship between development of antibodies to Borre-lia burgdorferi in dogs and the subsequent development of limb/joint borreliosis. JAVMA 1992; 200(3): 344-7.
  • 34.McBride JW, Corstvet RE, Gaunt SD, Boudreaux C, Guedry T, Walker DH. Kine-tics of antibody response to Ehrlichia canis immunoreactive proteins. Infect Immun 2003; 71(5): 2516-24.
  • 35.Mazuz LM, Wolkomirsky R, Sherman A, Sa-vitzsky I, Waner T, Golenser J, Shkap V. Concurrent neosporosis and hepatozoonosis in a litter of pups. Israel J Vet Med 2015; 70(1): 53-6.
  • 36.Messick JB. New perspectives about Hemot-rophic mycoplasma (formerly, Haemobarto-nella and Eperythrozoon species) infections in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am-Small Anim Pract 2003; 33(6): 1453-65.
  • 37.Neer TM, Breitschwerdt EB, Green RT, Lap-pin MR. Consensus statement on ehrlichial diseases of small animals from the infectious disease study group of the ACVIM. J Vet Int Med 2002; 16(3): 309-15.
  • 38.Neimark H, Johanson KE, Rikihisa Y, Tully JG. Revision of haemotrophic Mycoplasma species names. Int J Syst Evol Micr 2002; 52(2): 683.
  • 39.Otranto D, Paradies P, Testini G, Latrofa MS, Weigl S, Cantacessi C, Mencke N, de Caprariis D, Parisi A, Capelli G, Stanneck D. Application of 10% imidocarpil 50% permeth-rin to prevent Ehrlichia canis exposure in dog under natural conditions. Vet Parasitol 2008; 153(3-4): 320-8.
  • 40.Paşa S, Kıral F, Karagenc T, Atasoy A, Sey-rek K. Description of dogs naturally infected with Hepatozoon canis in the Aegean region of Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2009; 33(4): 289-95.
  • 41.Pekmezci D, Ural K, Aysul N, Guzel M. As-sessment of renal function using canine cys-tatin-c levels in canine babesiosis and ehrlic-hiosis. Acta Vet-Beograd 2015; 65(1): 56-65.
  • 42.Rikihisa Y. Mechanisms to create a safe ha-ven by members of the family Anaplasmata-ceae. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 990: 548-55.
  • 43.Sari B, Taşçı GT, Kılıç Y. Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis and Borre-lia burgdorferi in dogs in Iğdır province, Tur-key. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2013; 19(5): 735-9.
  • 44.Seyrek K, Karagenç T, Paşa S, Kıral F, Ata-soy A. Serum zinc, iron and copper concent-rations in dogs infected with Hepatozoon canis. Acta Vet Brno 2009; 78(3): 471-5.
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There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hümam Ömer Tunç This is me

Mustafa Sinan Aktaş

Publication Date December 18, 2016
Submission Date December 23, 2016
Acceptance Date November 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Tunç, H. Ö., & Aktaş, M. S. (2016). Türkiye’de Köpeklere Kene Aracılığıyla Bulaşan Hastalıklar*. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(3), 223-230.
AMA Tunç HÖ, Aktaş MS. Türkiye’de Köpeklere Kene Aracılığıyla Bulaşan Hastalıklar*. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. December 2016;13(3):223-230.
Chicago Tunç, Hümam Ömer, and Mustafa Sinan Aktaş. “Türkiye’de Köpeklere Kene Aracılığıyla Bulaşan Hastalıklar*”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 13, no. 3 (December 2016): 223-30.
EndNote Tunç HÖ, Aktaş MS (December 1, 2016) Türkiye’de Köpeklere Kene Aracılığıyla Bulaşan Hastalıklar*. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 13 3 223–230.
IEEE H. Ö. Tunç and M. S. Aktaş, “Türkiye’de Köpeklere Kene Aracılığıyla Bulaşan Hastalıklar*”, Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 223–230, 2016.
ISNAD Tunç, Hümam Ömer - Aktaş, Mustafa Sinan. “Türkiye’de Köpeklere Kene Aracılığıyla Bulaşan Hastalıklar*”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 13/3 (December 2016), 223-230.
JAMA Tunç HÖ, Aktaş MS. Türkiye’de Köpeklere Kene Aracılığıyla Bulaşan Hastalıklar*. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2016;13:223–230.
MLA Tunç, Hümam Ömer and Mustafa Sinan Aktaş. “Türkiye’de Köpeklere Kene Aracılığıyla Bulaşan Hastalıklar*”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 13, no. 3, 2016, pp. 223-30.
Vancouver Tunç HÖ, Aktaş MS. Türkiye’de Köpeklere Kene Aracılığıyla Bulaşan Hastalıklar*. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2016;13(3):223-30.