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Sağlıklı Senior ve Geriatrik Köpeklerde Hematokimyasal Parametrelerin ve Köpek Bilişsel Disfonksiyon Derecelendirme Ölçeğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 83 - 93, 01.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1142535

Abstract

Yaşlanma, vücutta meydana gelen doğal ve zamana bağlı değişiklikleri içeren bir süreçtir. Yaşam kalitesi olumsuz etkilenmemiş köpekler, sağlıklı yaşlı olarak sınıflandırılır. Yaşlı köpeklerin sağlık değerlendirmesinde kan analizleri ile birlikte davranışsal ve bilişsel durum da dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada 10 sağlıklı yaşlı (Senior grup, SG) ve 14 sağlıklı geriatrik (Geriatrik grup, GG) köpekte hematokimyasal parametrelerin ve köpek bilişsel işlev bozuk-luğu (CCD) ölçeğinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Tam kan sayımı (CBC) analizinde gruplar arasında istatistiksel her-hangi bir fark belirlenmedi. Kan gazı analizinde GG'de pCO2 (P=0.006), baz açığı (P=0.020) ve HCO3 (P=0.041) dü-zeyleri SG'ye göre daha düşük bulundu. Serum biyokimyası analizinde GG'de BUN (P=0.016) ve GGT (P=0.003) dü-zeyleri SG'ye göre daha yüksek olarak belirlenirken, LDH (P=0.008) ve trigliserit (P=0.003) düzeyleri daha düşüktü. Toplam CCD skala skoru SG'de 14.50 (12-23), GG'de 50.50 (32-68) olarak belirlendi (P=0.000). Sonuç olarak, sağlıklı yaşlı ve geriatrik köpekler arasında kan gazları ve serum biyokimya analizleri sonucunda bazı parametrelerde farklılık-lar saptandı ve sağlıklı yaşlı köpeklerde de rutin hematokimyasal analizlerin önemli olduğu sonucuna varıldı. Ayrıca, bu çalışma kapsamında Terrier ırkı köpeklerin CCD skala skorlarının daha yüksek olduğu gözlendi.

References

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  • Bulusu S, Sharma M. What does serum γ-glutamyltransferase tell us as a cardiometabolic risk marker? Ann Clin Biochem 2016; 53(3): 312-32.
  • Caravaca-Fontán F, Azevedo L, Bayo MÁ, Gonzales-Candia B, Luna E, Caravaca F. High levels of both serum gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase are independent preictors of mortality in patients with stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease. Nefrologia 2017; 37(3): 267-75.
  • Catic A. Cellular metabolism and aging. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2018; 155: 85-107.
  • Gilmer DF, Aldwin CM. Health, illness, and optimal ageing: Biological and psychosocial perspectives. Thousand Oaks, Califorina, Sage Publications 2003.
  • Hegele RA. Plasma lipoproteins: genetic influences and clinical implications. Nat Rev Genet 2009; 10(2): 109-21.
  • Landsberg G, Hunthausen W, Ackerman L. The ef-fects of aging on the behaviour of senior pets. Landsberg G, Hunthausen W, Ackerman L. eds. In: Handbook of Behaviour Problems of the Dog and Cat, Second Edition . Edinburgh, UK, Saun-ders 2003; pp. 269-304.
  • Latimer KS. Duncan & Prasse’s Veterinary Laborato-ry Medicine Clinical Pathology. Fifth Edition. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell 2011, pp. 3-82, 11-30, 53-82, 295-330.
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  • Lee SH, Kim JW, Lee BC, Oh HJ. Age-specific varia-tions in hematological and biochemical parame-ters in middle- and large-sized of dogs. J Vet Sci 2020; 21(1): e7.
  • Liu N, Yang G, Hu M, Han J, Cai Y, Hu Z, Jia C, Zhang M. Adipose triglyceride lipase gene poly-morphisms is not associated with free fatty acid levels in Chinese han population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15(9): 474-9.
  • López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. The hallmarks of aging. Cell 2013; 153(6): 1194-217.
  • Lorenzini A. How much should we weigh for a long and healthy life span? The need to reconcile ca-loric restriction versus longevity with body mass index versus mortality data. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 30(5): 121.
  • Lowseth LA, Gillett NA, Gerlach RF, Muggenburg BA. The effects of aging on hematology and serum chemistry values in the beagle dog. Vet Clin Pathol 1990; 19(1): 13-9.
  • Maggio M, Ble A, Ceda GP, Metter EJ. Decline in insulin-like growth factor-I levels across adult life span in two large population studies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61(2):182-3.
  • Marconato L, Crispino G, Finotello R, Mazzotti S, Salerni F, Zini E. Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity in canine malignancies. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 7(4): 236-43.
  • Miglio A, Gavazza A, Siepi D, Bagaglia F, Misia A, Antognoni MT. Hematological and biochemical reference intervals for 5 adult hunting dog breeds using a blood donor database. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10(7): 1-19.
  • Neilson JC, Hart BL, Cliff KD, Ruehl WW. Prevalence of behavioral changes associated with age-related cognitive impairment in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 218(11): 1787-91.
  • Osella MC, Re G, Odore R, Girardi C, Badino P, Barbero R, Bergamasco L. Canine cognitive dys-function syndrome: prevalence, clinical signs and treatment with a neuroprotective nutraceutical. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2007; 105(4): 297-310.
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  • Salvin HE, McGreevy PD, Sachdev PS, Valenzuela MJ. The canine cognitive dysfunction rating scale (CCDR): A data-driven and ecologically relevant assessment tool. Vet J 2011; 188(3): 331-6.
  • Schlichtig R, Grogono AW, Severinghaus JW. Cur-rent status of acid-base quantitation in physiology and medicine. Anesthesiol Clin North Am 1998; 16(1): 211-33.
  • Stockham SL, Scott MA. Fundamentals of veterinary clinical pathology. Second Edition. Ames, IA: Blackwell 2008; pp. 53-222, 675-706, 783-830.
  • Strasser A, Niedermüller H, Hofecker G, Laber G. The effect of aging on laboratory values in dogs. J Vet Med 1993; 40(9-10): 720-30.
  • Targher G. Elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity is associated with increased risk of mortality, incident type 2 diabe-tes, cardiovascular events, chronic kidney dis-ease and cancer - a narrative review. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48(2): 147-57.
  • Thrall MA, Weiser G, Allison RW, Campbell TW. Vet-erinary hematology and clinical chemistry. Sec-ond Edition. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell 2012; pp. 61-140, 401-440, 497-544.
  • Ülgen S, Bayrakal A, Sargın E, Kaymaz AA. The changing patterns in referral rates of geriatric cats and dogs to an university clinic. J Fac Vet Med Istanbul Univ 2015; 41(2): 232-7.
  • Willems A, Paepe D, Marynissen S, Smets P, Van de Maele I, Picavet P, Duchateau L, Daminet S. Results of screening of apparently healthy senior and geriatric dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31(1): 81-92.
  • Yilmaz MI, Turgut F, Kanbay M. Saglam M, Sonmez A, Yaman H, Demirbas S, Unal HU, Gok M, Kara-man M, Ay SA, Demirkaya E, Covic A, Carrero JJ. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels are inversely related to endothelial function in chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 45(4): 1071-8.

Assessment of Hematochemical Parameters and Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating Scale in Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs

Year 2022, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 83 - 93, 01.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1142535

Abstract

Aging is a process that includes natural and time-dependent changes in the body. Dogs whose quality of life is not adversely affected are classified as healthy elderly dogs. Behavioral and cognitive status should be taken into consideration together with blood analyzes in the health evaluation of old dogs. Therefore, it was aimed to evaluate hematochemical parameters and canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) scale in 10 healthy senior (senior group, SG) and 14 healthy geriatric (geriatric group, GG) dogs in this study. No statistical difference was determined between the groups in the CBC analysis. In the blood gases analysis, pCO2 (P=0.006), base excess (P=0.020) and HCO3 (P=0.041) levels were found to be lower in GG compared to the SG. In serum biochemistry analysis, BUN (P=0.016) and GGT (P=0.003) levels were found to be higher whereas LDH (P=0.008) and triglyceride (P=0.003) levels were found to be lower in GG compared to SG. The total CCD scale score was 14.50 (12-23) in the SG and 50.50 (32-68) in the GG (P<0.001). In conclusion, differences in some parameters were determined as a result of blood gases and serum bio-chemistry analyzes between healthy senior and geriatric dogs, and it was concluded that routine hematochemical ana-lyzes are important also in healthy elderly dogs. In addition, it was observed that the CCD scale scores of Terriers were higher in this study.

References

  • Baldwin K, Bartges J, Buffington T, Freeman LM, Grabow M, Legred J, Ostwald D Jr. AAHA nutritional assessment guidelines for dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2010; 46(4): 285-96.
  • Bellows J, Colitz CM, Daristotle L, Ingram DK, Lepine A, Marks SL, Sanderson SL, Tomlinson J, Zhang J. Defining healthy aging in older dogs and differ-entiating healthy aging from disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015; 246(1): 77-89.
  • Bulusu S, Sharma M. What does serum γ-glutamyltransferase tell us as a cardiometabolic risk marker? Ann Clin Biochem 2016; 53(3): 312-32.
  • Caravaca-Fontán F, Azevedo L, Bayo MÁ, Gonzales-Candia B, Luna E, Caravaca F. High levels of both serum gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase are independent preictors of mortality in patients with stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease. Nefrologia 2017; 37(3): 267-75.
  • Catic A. Cellular metabolism and aging. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2018; 155: 85-107.
  • Gilmer DF, Aldwin CM. Health, illness, and optimal ageing: Biological and psychosocial perspectives. Thousand Oaks, Califorina, Sage Publications 2003.
  • Hegele RA. Plasma lipoproteins: genetic influences and clinical implications. Nat Rev Genet 2009; 10(2): 109-21.
  • Landsberg G, Hunthausen W, Ackerman L. The ef-fects of aging on the behaviour of senior pets. Landsberg G, Hunthausen W, Ackerman L. eds. In: Handbook of Behaviour Problems of the Dog and Cat, Second Edition . Edinburgh, UK, Saun-ders 2003; pp. 269-304.
  • Latimer KS. Duncan & Prasse’s Veterinary Laborato-ry Medicine Clinical Pathology. Fifth Edition. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell 2011, pp. 3-82, 11-30, 53-82, 295-330.
  • Lawrence J, Chang YM, Szladovits B, Davison LJ, Garden OA. Breed-specific hematological pheno-types in the dog: A natural resource for the genetic dissection of hematological parameters in a mammalian species. PLoS One 2013; 8(11): e81288.
  • Lee SH, Kim JW, Lee BC, Oh HJ. Age-specific varia-tions in hematological and biochemical parame-ters in middle- and large-sized of dogs. J Vet Sci 2020; 21(1): e7.
  • Liu N, Yang G, Hu M, Han J, Cai Y, Hu Z, Jia C, Zhang M. Adipose triglyceride lipase gene poly-morphisms is not associated with free fatty acid levels in Chinese han population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15(9): 474-9.
  • López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. The hallmarks of aging. Cell 2013; 153(6): 1194-217.
  • Lorenzini A. How much should we weigh for a long and healthy life span? The need to reconcile ca-loric restriction versus longevity with body mass index versus mortality data. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 30(5): 121.
  • Lowseth LA, Gillett NA, Gerlach RF, Muggenburg BA. The effects of aging on hematology and serum chemistry values in the beagle dog. Vet Clin Pathol 1990; 19(1): 13-9.
  • Maggio M, Ble A, Ceda GP, Metter EJ. Decline in insulin-like growth factor-I levels across adult life span in two large population studies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61(2):182-3.
  • Marconato L, Crispino G, Finotello R, Mazzotti S, Salerni F, Zini E. Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity in canine malignancies. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 7(4): 236-43.
  • Miglio A, Gavazza A, Siepi D, Bagaglia F, Misia A, Antognoni MT. Hematological and biochemical reference intervals for 5 adult hunting dog breeds using a blood donor database. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10(7): 1-19.
  • Neilson JC, Hart BL, Cliff KD, Ruehl WW. Prevalence of behavioral changes associated with age-related cognitive impairment in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 218(11): 1787-91.
  • Osella MC, Re G, Odore R, Girardi C, Badino P, Barbero R, Bergamasco L. Canine cognitive dys-function syndrome: prevalence, clinical signs and treatment with a neuroprotective nutraceutical. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2007; 105(4): 297-310.
  • P&G Pet care consumer survey. Mason, Ohio: The IAMS Company, P&G 2011.
  • Rizzi T. Blood testing in the geriatric dog. Vet Focus 2015; 25(1): 31-7.
  • Rowe JW, Kahn RL. Successful aging. Gerontologist 1997; 37(4): 433-40.
  • Ruehl W, Bruyette DS, DePaoli A, Cotman CW, Head E, Milgram NW, Cummings BJ. Canine cognitive dysfunction as a model for human agerelated cognitive decline, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: Clinical presentation, cognitive testing, pathology and response to 1-deprenyl therapy. Yu PM, Tipton KF, Boulton AA. eds. In: Progress in Brain Research. Elsevier Science BV 1995; pp. 217-25.
  • Salvin HE, McGreevy PD, Sachdev PS, Valenzuela MJ. The canine cognitive dysfunction rating scale (CCDR): A data-driven and ecologically relevant assessment tool. Vet J 2011; 188(3): 331-6.
  • Schlichtig R, Grogono AW, Severinghaus JW. Cur-rent status of acid-base quantitation in physiology and medicine. Anesthesiol Clin North Am 1998; 16(1): 211-33.
  • Stockham SL, Scott MA. Fundamentals of veterinary clinical pathology. Second Edition. Ames, IA: Blackwell 2008; pp. 53-222, 675-706, 783-830.
  • Strasser A, Niedermüller H, Hofecker G, Laber G. The effect of aging on laboratory values in dogs. J Vet Med 1993; 40(9-10): 720-30.
  • Targher G. Elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity is associated with increased risk of mortality, incident type 2 diabe-tes, cardiovascular events, chronic kidney dis-ease and cancer - a narrative review. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48(2): 147-57.
  • Thrall MA, Weiser G, Allison RW, Campbell TW. Vet-erinary hematology and clinical chemistry. Sec-ond Edition. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell 2012; pp. 61-140, 401-440, 497-544.
  • Ülgen S, Bayrakal A, Sargın E, Kaymaz AA. The changing patterns in referral rates of geriatric cats and dogs to an university clinic. J Fac Vet Med Istanbul Univ 2015; 41(2): 232-7.
  • Willems A, Paepe D, Marynissen S, Smets P, Van de Maele I, Picavet P, Duchateau L, Daminet S. Results of screening of apparently healthy senior and geriatric dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31(1): 81-92.
  • Yilmaz MI, Turgut F, Kanbay M. Saglam M, Sonmez A, Yaman H, Demirbas S, Unal HU, Gok M, Kara-man M, Ay SA, Demirkaya E, Covic A, Carrero JJ. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels are inversely related to endothelial function in chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 45(4): 1071-8.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erdem Gülersoy 0000-0001-8511-0150

Süleyman Serhat İyigün This is me 0000-0002-3270-1931

Hasan Güzelbekteş This is me 0000-0002-0227-0691

Publication Date August 1, 2022
Submission Date August 12, 2021
Acceptance Date January 27, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 19 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gülersoy, E., İyigün, S. S., & Güzelbekteş, H. (2022). Assessment of Hematochemical Parameters and Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating Scale in Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 83-93. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1142535
AMA Gülersoy E, İyigün SS, Güzelbekteş H. Assessment of Hematochemical Parameters and Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating Scale in Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. August 2022;19(2):83-93. doi:10.32707/ercivet.1142535
Chicago Gülersoy, Erdem, İyigün Süleyman Serhat, and Hasan Güzelbekteş. “Assessment of Hematochemical Parameters and Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating Scale in Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 19, no. 2 (August 2022): 83-93. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1142535.
EndNote Gülersoy E, İyigün SS, Güzelbekteş H (August 1, 2022) Assessment of Hematochemical Parameters and Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating Scale in Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 19 2 83–93.
IEEE E. Gülersoy, S. S. İyigün, and H. Güzelbekteş, “Assessment of Hematochemical Parameters and Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating Scale in Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs”, Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 83–93, 2022, doi: 10.32707/ercivet.1142535.
ISNAD Gülersoy, Erdem et al. “Assessment of Hematochemical Parameters and Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating Scale in Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 19/2 (August 2022), 83-93. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1142535.
JAMA Gülersoy E, İyigün SS, Güzelbekteş H. Assessment of Hematochemical Parameters and Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating Scale in Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2022;19:83–93.
MLA Gülersoy, Erdem et al. “Assessment of Hematochemical Parameters and Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating Scale in Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 19, no. 2, 2022, pp. 83-93, doi:10.32707/ercivet.1142535.
Vancouver Gülersoy E, İyigün SS, Güzelbekteş H. Assessment of Hematochemical Parameters and Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating Scale in Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2022;19(2):83-9.