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Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Kastamonu Slaughterhouse and Its Importance in Turkish Economy

Year 2024, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 110 - 116, 02.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1515383

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in cattle slaughtered in the slaughterhouse of Kastamonu Municipality, where cattle breeding is common and to determine the economic loss in the country's economy due to this disease. A total of 5511 bovine livers were examined postmortem for CE between January and December 2021. Of the 5511 cattle, 3872 are male and 1639 are female. In the postmortem examination, the livers of the animals were examined and the number of animals with CE was calculated to be 524 and the preva-lence of the disease was 9.51%. In animals, the highest monthly prevalence was observed in July with 14.85% and the lowest prevalence in December with 3.94%. CE was the lowest with 4.94% in winter and the highest with 13.68% in summer. CE was found to be the lowest in male animals with 4.44% in winter and the highest prevalence in summer with 12.70%. The prevalence of the disease in female animals was 6.79% in winter and 21.32% in summer. Livers with CE were destroyed regardless of infection intensity. As a result of this study, with the destruction of 524 livers, 136240 TL (13859 USD) was lost to the Turkish economy. It has been stated that CE is common in Kastamonu as in Turkey and causes great economic losses.

References

  • Acıöz M, Çeliksöz A, Özçelik S, Değerli S. Prevalence of hydatid cyst in cattle slaughtered between April and May 2005 in Sivas. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2008; 32(3): 205-7.
  • Acıöz M, Bozkaya F, Zorbozan H, Yılmaz AI. Economic importance of hydatid cyst in slaughtered cattle of Muğla province. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2021; 45(2): 117-20.
  • Almalki E, Al-Quarishy S, Abdel-Baki AS. Assessment of prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered Sawakny sheep in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2017; 24: 1534-7.
  • Altintas N. Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Turkey. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1998; 92(6): 637-42.
  • Arslan MO, Umur S. The distribution and economic importance of hydatidosis in sheep and cattle slaughtered in Erzurum slaughterhouses. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 1997; 3(2): 167-1.
  • Artures CF, Souza RM, Ribeiro RPM. Prevalence and geographical distrubution of bovine hydatidosis in the state of Minas Gerais, Brasil. Arg Bras Med Vet Zootec 1996; 48(5): 623-7.
  • Ayad A, Benhanifia M, Balla EH, Moussouni L, Ait-Yahia F, Benakhla AA. Retrospective survey of fasciolosis and hydatidosis in domestic ruminants based on Abattoirs’ Data in Bejaia Province, Algeria. Veterinaria 2019; 68(1): 47-51.
  • Aydın MF, Gökmen S, Koc S, Adıgüzel E, Kocaman H, Cöplü M, Sahin A. Evaluation the knowledge levels regarding hydatid cyst among butchers in Karaman province of Turkey. Van Vet J 2015; 26(3): 147-50.
  • Azami M, Anvarinejad M, Ezatpour B, Alirezaei M. Prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered animals in Iran. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2013; 37(2): 102-6.
  • Bağdatlıoğlu AI. Aydın yöresinde mezbahada kesilen sığırlarda bazı cestod larvalarının (Hidatid kist, Cysticercus bovis, Cysticercus tenuicollis) yayılışı, Yüksek lisans tezi, Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniv Sağ Bil Ens, Aydın 2019; p.8.
  • Balkaya I, Simsek S. Prevalence and economic importance of hydatidosis and fasciolosis in slaughtered cattle in Erzurum province of Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2010; 16(5): 793-7.
  • Baspınar S, Kaplan M, Kelestemur N. The Prevalance of cystic echinococcosis in live stock slaughtered between 2008-2012. Fırat Univ Health Sci Vet J 2014; 28(2): 89-92.
  • Celep A, Açmam M, Çetindağ M, Coşkun SZ, Gürsoy S. Helminthological studies on cattle from the Samsun region. Etlik Vet Microbiol J 1990; 6(6): 117-30.
  • Civi S, Güler S, Kesci S. According to the records of Konya Meat And Fish Institution and Konet facilities, economic losses due to hydatid cyst. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 1995; 19(2): 237-42.
  • Dalimi A, Motamedi GH, Hosseini M, Mohammadian B, Malaki H, Ghamari Z, Far FG. Echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Western Iran. Vet Parasitol 2002; 105(2):161-71.
  • Dar FK, Alkarmi T. Public health aspects of cystic echinococcosis in the Arab countries. Acta Trop 1997; 67(1-2): 125-32.
  • Demir P, Mor N. Kars Seasonal Distribution and economic importance of cystic echinococcosis in cattle slaughtered at Kars Municipal Abattoir, Turkey. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2011; 35: 185-8.
  • Dik B, Cantoray R, Handemir E. the distribution and economic importance of hydatidosis in small and bovine animals slaughtered in Konya Meat and Fish Institution Combine. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 1992; 16: 91-9.
  • Düzlü O, Yıldırım A, Sarıözkan S, Inci A. The Economic importance of cystic echinococcosis in sheep and cattle from three different slaughterhouses in Kayseri region. Erciyes Univ Vet Fak Derg 2010; 7(1): 7-11.
  • Eckert J, Deplazes P. Biological, epidemiological and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004; 17: 107-35.
  • Erol U, Urhan OF, Şahin ÖF, Altay K. Sivas ilinde sığırlarda kist hidatik’in yaygınlığının araştırılması . EDUVET Uluslarası Veteriner Bilimleri Kongresi, 25-27 Haziran, 2021; Online-Türkiye.
  • Gıcık Y, Arslan MÖ, Kara M, Köse M. The prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep slaughtered in the Kars province. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2004; 28(3): 136-9.
  • He DL, Wang HA. Report on the epidemiological evaluation of hydatid disease in zeku county, qinghai province. Endem Dis Bull 2001; 16(4): 36-8.
  • Ibrahim MM. Study of cystic Echinococcosis in slaughtered animals in Al Baha Region, Saudi Arabia: Interaction between some biotic and abiotic factors. Acta Trop 2010; 113(1): 26-33.
  • Köse M, Kırcalı Sevimli F. Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered cattle in Afyonkarahisar. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2008; 32(1): 27-30.
  • Kumsa B. Cystic Echinococcosis in slaughtered cattle at addis ababa abattoir enterprise, Ethiopia. Vet Anim Sci 2019; 7: 100050.
  • Kücükyağlıoğlu A, Uslu U. Prevalence and economic significance of hidatidosis in cattle slaughtered at an abattoir in Konya, Turkey. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2022; 46(3): 207-12.
  • Njoroge EM, Mbithi PMF, Gathuma JM, Wachira TM, Gathura PB, Magambo JK, Zeyhle EA. Study of cystic echinococcosis in slaughter animals in three selected areas of northern Turkana, Kenya. Vet Parasitol 2002; 104(1): 85-91.
  • Onah DN, Chiejina SN, Emehelu CO. Epidemiology of echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Anambra State, Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1989; 83(4): 387-93.
  • Öge H, Kalınbacak F, Gıcık Y, Yıldız K. Ankara yöresinde kesilen koyun, keçi ve sıgırlarda bazı metasestodların (Hidatid Kist, Cysticercus tenuicollis, Cysticercus bovis) yayılışı. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 1998; 45: 123-30.
  • Sarıözkan S, Yalcın C. Estimating the production losses due to cystic echinococcosis in ruminants in Turkey. Vet Parasitol 2009; 163(4): 330-4.
  • Sarma MD, Deka DK, Borkakoty MR. Occurrence of hydatidosis and porcine cysticercosis in Guwahati city. J Vet Parasitol 2000; 14(2): 173-4.
  • Senlik B. Prevalence of hydatidosis and its relationship with age, race and gender in sheep from Bursa region. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2000; 24: 304-8.
  • Senlik B. Echinococcosis. Turk Clinics J Vet Sci 2012; 3(2): 88-96.
  • Tashani OA, Zhang LH, Boufana BA, Jegi A, McManus DP. Epidemiology and strain characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus in the Benghazi area of Eastern Libya. Ann Tropic Med Parasitol 2002; 96(4): 369-81.
  • Toparlak M, Gül Y. The prevalence of hydatidosis in animals slaughtered in the municipal slaughterhouse in Van province. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 1989; 36(1): 129-37.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI). Databases, Livestock Statistics. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=101&locale=tr; Accessed Date: 29.05.2022.
  • Ulutaş Esatgil M, Tüzer E. Prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered animals in Thrace, Turkey. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2007; 31(1): 41-5.
  • Umur S, Aslantas O. The Spread and economic importance of hydatidosis in ruminants slaughtered in kars municipality slaughterhouse. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 1993; 17(2): 27-34.
  • Uslu U, Kücükyağlıoğlu A, Senlik B. Prevalence of liver hydatidosis and its economic significance in sheep slaughtered in a private abattoir in Konya. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2021; 45(1): 5-10.
  • Yıldız K, Tuncer C. Prevalence of hydatid cysts in cattle in the province of Kırıkkale. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2005; 29(4): 247-50.

Kastamonu Mezbahanesinde Kesilen Sığırlarda Cystic Echinococcosis’in Prevalansı ve Türkiye Ekonomisindeki Önemi

Year 2024, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 110 - 116, 02.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1515383

Abstract

Bu çalışma, büyükbaş hayvancılığın yaygın olduğu Kastamonu ilinde Belediyeye ait mezbahanede kesilen sığırlar-da Kistik Echinococcosis’in prevalansının araştırılması ve bu hastalık nedeniyle ülke ekonomisindeki ekonomik kaybın belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ocak-Aralık 2021 tarihlerinde toplam 5511 adet sığır karaciğeri kistik echinococcosis yönünden postmortem olarak incelenmiştir. 5511 sığırın 3872 tanesi erkek, 1639 tanesi ise dişidir. Postmortem muaye-nede hayvanların karaciğerleri incelenmiş kistik echinococcosisli hayvan sayısının 524 olduğu ve hastalığın prevalansı-nın %9.51 olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Hayvanlarda aylık olarak en yüksek prevelans %14.85 ile Temmuz ayı, en düşük prevalans ise %3.94 ile Aralık ayı olarak görülmüştür. Kış mevsiminde %4.94 olarak en düşük, yaz mevsiminde %13.68 oran ile en yüksek Kistik Echinococcosis belirlenmiştir. Erkek hayvanlarda kış mevsiminde Kistik Echinococcosis sayısında %4.44 ile en düşük, %12.70 ile ise yaz mevsiminde en yüksek prevalans tespit edilmiştir. Hastalığın preva-lansı dişi hayvanlarda kış mevsiminde %6.79 olarak görülmüş, yaz mevsiminde ise %21.32 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kistik echinococcosisli karaciğerler enfeksiyon yoğunluğuna bakılmaksızın imha edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonucu olarak, 524 adet karaciğerin imhasıyla beraber 136240 TL (13859 USD) Türkiye ekonomisinde kayıp şekillenmiştir. Kistik echino-coccosisin Türkiye genelindeki gibi Kastamonu ilinde de yaygın olduğu ve büyük ekonomik kayıplara sebep olduğu açıklanmıştır.

References

  • Acıöz M, Çeliksöz A, Özçelik S, Değerli S. Prevalence of hydatid cyst in cattle slaughtered between April and May 2005 in Sivas. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2008; 32(3): 205-7.
  • Acıöz M, Bozkaya F, Zorbozan H, Yılmaz AI. Economic importance of hydatid cyst in slaughtered cattle of Muğla province. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2021; 45(2): 117-20.
  • Almalki E, Al-Quarishy S, Abdel-Baki AS. Assessment of prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered Sawakny sheep in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2017; 24: 1534-7.
  • Altintas N. Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Turkey. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1998; 92(6): 637-42.
  • Arslan MO, Umur S. The distribution and economic importance of hydatidosis in sheep and cattle slaughtered in Erzurum slaughterhouses. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 1997; 3(2): 167-1.
  • Artures CF, Souza RM, Ribeiro RPM. Prevalence and geographical distrubution of bovine hydatidosis in the state of Minas Gerais, Brasil. Arg Bras Med Vet Zootec 1996; 48(5): 623-7.
  • Ayad A, Benhanifia M, Balla EH, Moussouni L, Ait-Yahia F, Benakhla AA. Retrospective survey of fasciolosis and hydatidosis in domestic ruminants based on Abattoirs’ Data in Bejaia Province, Algeria. Veterinaria 2019; 68(1): 47-51.
  • Aydın MF, Gökmen S, Koc S, Adıgüzel E, Kocaman H, Cöplü M, Sahin A. Evaluation the knowledge levels regarding hydatid cyst among butchers in Karaman province of Turkey. Van Vet J 2015; 26(3): 147-50.
  • Azami M, Anvarinejad M, Ezatpour B, Alirezaei M. Prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered animals in Iran. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2013; 37(2): 102-6.
  • Bağdatlıoğlu AI. Aydın yöresinde mezbahada kesilen sığırlarda bazı cestod larvalarının (Hidatid kist, Cysticercus bovis, Cysticercus tenuicollis) yayılışı, Yüksek lisans tezi, Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniv Sağ Bil Ens, Aydın 2019; p.8.
  • Balkaya I, Simsek S. Prevalence and economic importance of hydatidosis and fasciolosis in slaughtered cattle in Erzurum province of Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2010; 16(5): 793-7.
  • Baspınar S, Kaplan M, Kelestemur N. The Prevalance of cystic echinococcosis in live stock slaughtered between 2008-2012. Fırat Univ Health Sci Vet J 2014; 28(2): 89-92.
  • Celep A, Açmam M, Çetindağ M, Coşkun SZ, Gürsoy S. Helminthological studies on cattle from the Samsun region. Etlik Vet Microbiol J 1990; 6(6): 117-30.
  • Civi S, Güler S, Kesci S. According to the records of Konya Meat And Fish Institution and Konet facilities, economic losses due to hydatid cyst. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 1995; 19(2): 237-42.
  • Dalimi A, Motamedi GH, Hosseini M, Mohammadian B, Malaki H, Ghamari Z, Far FG. Echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Western Iran. Vet Parasitol 2002; 105(2):161-71.
  • Dar FK, Alkarmi T. Public health aspects of cystic echinococcosis in the Arab countries. Acta Trop 1997; 67(1-2): 125-32.
  • Demir P, Mor N. Kars Seasonal Distribution and economic importance of cystic echinococcosis in cattle slaughtered at Kars Municipal Abattoir, Turkey. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2011; 35: 185-8.
  • Dik B, Cantoray R, Handemir E. the distribution and economic importance of hydatidosis in small and bovine animals slaughtered in Konya Meat and Fish Institution Combine. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 1992; 16: 91-9.
  • Düzlü O, Yıldırım A, Sarıözkan S, Inci A. The Economic importance of cystic echinococcosis in sheep and cattle from three different slaughterhouses in Kayseri region. Erciyes Univ Vet Fak Derg 2010; 7(1): 7-11.
  • Eckert J, Deplazes P. Biological, epidemiological and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004; 17: 107-35.
  • Erol U, Urhan OF, Şahin ÖF, Altay K. Sivas ilinde sığırlarda kist hidatik’in yaygınlığının araştırılması . EDUVET Uluslarası Veteriner Bilimleri Kongresi, 25-27 Haziran, 2021; Online-Türkiye.
  • Gıcık Y, Arslan MÖ, Kara M, Köse M. The prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep slaughtered in the Kars province. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2004; 28(3): 136-9.
  • He DL, Wang HA. Report on the epidemiological evaluation of hydatid disease in zeku county, qinghai province. Endem Dis Bull 2001; 16(4): 36-8.
  • Ibrahim MM. Study of cystic Echinococcosis in slaughtered animals in Al Baha Region, Saudi Arabia: Interaction between some biotic and abiotic factors. Acta Trop 2010; 113(1): 26-33.
  • Köse M, Kırcalı Sevimli F. Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered cattle in Afyonkarahisar. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2008; 32(1): 27-30.
  • Kumsa B. Cystic Echinococcosis in slaughtered cattle at addis ababa abattoir enterprise, Ethiopia. Vet Anim Sci 2019; 7: 100050.
  • Kücükyağlıoğlu A, Uslu U. Prevalence and economic significance of hidatidosis in cattle slaughtered at an abattoir in Konya, Turkey. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2022; 46(3): 207-12.
  • Njoroge EM, Mbithi PMF, Gathuma JM, Wachira TM, Gathura PB, Magambo JK, Zeyhle EA. Study of cystic echinococcosis in slaughter animals in three selected areas of northern Turkana, Kenya. Vet Parasitol 2002; 104(1): 85-91.
  • Onah DN, Chiejina SN, Emehelu CO. Epidemiology of echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Anambra State, Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1989; 83(4): 387-93.
  • Öge H, Kalınbacak F, Gıcık Y, Yıldız K. Ankara yöresinde kesilen koyun, keçi ve sıgırlarda bazı metasestodların (Hidatid Kist, Cysticercus tenuicollis, Cysticercus bovis) yayılışı. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 1998; 45: 123-30.
  • Sarıözkan S, Yalcın C. Estimating the production losses due to cystic echinococcosis in ruminants in Turkey. Vet Parasitol 2009; 163(4): 330-4.
  • Sarma MD, Deka DK, Borkakoty MR. Occurrence of hydatidosis and porcine cysticercosis in Guwahati city. J Vet Parasitol 2000; 14(2): 173-4.
  • Senlik B. Prevalence of hydatidosis and its relationship with age, race and gender in sheep from Bursa region. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2000; 24: 304-8.
  • Senlik B. Echinococcosis. Turk Clinics J Vet Sci 2012; 3(2): 88-96.
  • Tashani OA, Zhang LH, Boufana BA, Jegi A, McManus DP. Epidemiology and strain characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus in the Benghazi area of Eastern Libya. Ann Tropic Med Parasitol 2002; 96(4): 369-81.
  • Toparlak M, Gül Y. The prevalence of hydatidosis in animals slaughtered in the municipal slaughterhouse in Van province. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 1989; 36(1): 129-37.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI). Databases, Livestock Statistics. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=101&locale=tr; Accessed Date: 29.05.2022.
  • Ulutaş Esatgil M, Tüzer E. Prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered animals in Thrace, Turkey. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2007; 31(1): 41-5.
  • Umur S, Aslantas O. The Spread and economic importance of hydatidosis in ruminants slaughtered in kars municipality slaughterhouse. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 1993; 17(2): 27-34.
  • Uslu U, Kücükyağlıoğlu A, Senlik B. Prevalence of liver hydatidosis and its economic significance in sheep slaughtered in a private abattoir in Konya. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2021; 45(1): 5-10.
  • Yıldız K, Tuncer C. Prevalence of hydatid cysts in cattle in the province of Kırıkkale. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2005; 29(4): 247-50.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Parasitology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Burak Şahin 0000-0003-1836-5510

Pelin Şahin 0000-0002-3269-4532

Uğur Uslu 0000-0003-3456-312X

Publication Date August 2, 2024
Submission Date November 6, 2023
Acceptance Date March 14, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 21 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Şahin, B., Şahin, P., & Uslu, U. (2024). Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Kastamonu Slaughterhouse and Its Importance in Turkish Economy. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 110-116. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1515383
AMA Şahin B, Şahin P, Uslu U. Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Kastamonu Slaughterhouse and Its Importance in Turkish Economy. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. August 2024;21(2):110-116. doi:10.32707/ercivet.1515383
Chicago Şahin, Burak, Pelin Şahin, and Uğur Uslu. “Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Kastamonu Slaughterhouse and Its Importance in Turkish Economy”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 21, no. 2 (August 2024): 110-16. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1515383.
EndNote Şahin B, Şahin P, Uslu U (August 1, 2024) Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Kastamonu Slaughterhouse and Its Importance in Turkish Economy. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 21 2 110–116.
IEEE B. Şahin, P. Şahin, and U. Uslu, “Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Kastamonu Slaughterhouse and Its Importance in Turkish Economy”, Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 110–116, 2024, doi: 10.32707/ercivet.1515383.
ISNAD Şahin, Burak et al. “Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Kastamonu Slaughterhouse and Its Importance in Turkish Economy”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 21/2 (August 2024), 110-116. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1515383.
JAMA Şahin B, Şahin P, Uslu U. Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Kastamonu Slaughterhouse and Its Importance in Turkish Economy. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2024;21:110–116.
MLA Şahin, Burak et al. “Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Kastamonu Slaughterhouse and Its Importance in Turkish Economy”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 21, no. 2, 2024, pp. 110-6, doi:10.32707/ercivet.1515383.
Vancouver Şahin B, Şahin P, Uslu U. Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Cattle Slaughtered in Kastamonu Slaughterhouse and Its Importance in Turkish Economy. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2024;21(2):110-6.