The Effect of Light Intensity and Temperature-Humidity Index on Egg Performance and Growth Rate in Laying Hens Raised in Different Cage Tiers

Year 2024, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 184 - 193, 02.12.2024

Uğur Özentürk , Ömer Çoban , Ali Osman Kesen , Ayşe Uysal

https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1587451

Abstract

The aim of this research is to evaluate the effects of light intensity and the temperature-humidity index (THI) on egg performance and growth rate in laying hens reared on different cage tiers. Additionally, the study seeks to un-derstand the sensitivity and efficiency of chickens' comfort conditions under various climatic environmental conditions. Brown layer Hyline Brown hens were used as the animal material. In the experiment, 392 hens were housed in a total of 56 cages, with 7 hens per cage in a 4-tier cage system. During the experiment, live weights, growth rates, egg pro-duction, and egg weights of the hens were recorded and correlated with the THI and light intensity values measured in front of each cage. The results indicated that hens on the upper tiers had higher live weights, body weight gains, growth rates, egg production, and egg weights compared to those on the lower tiers. A negative relationship was found between the THI value and both growth rate and egg production. Increasing THI values negatively affected both body weight and egg production. Significant positive relationships were observed between light intensity and egg weight, egg production, and average egg production. In conclusion, environmental management and physiological factors are crucial in optimizing the performance of laying hens. Appropriate housing conditions, including optimal light intensity, and temperature management, are essential for maximizing both growth and reproductive performance. Additionally, achieving an ideal body weight at the beginning of the productive period is a crucial for egg production.

Keywords

Cage tier, egg production, growth rate, light intensity, temperature-humidity index

Farklı Kafes Katlarında Yetiştirilen Yumurtacı Tavuklarda Işık Şiddeti ve Sıcaklık-Nem İndeksinin Yumurta Performansı ve Büyüme Hızına Etkisi

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, farklı kafes katlarında yetiştirilen yumurtacı tavuklarda ışık şiddeti ve sıcaklık-nem indeksi-nin yumurta performansı ve büyüme hızı üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Ayrıca çalışma, çeşitli iklimsel çevre ko-şulları altında tavukların konfor koşullarının hassasiyetini ve verimliliğini anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Hayvan materyali olarak kahverengi yumurtacı Hyline Brown tavukları kullanıldı. Denemede 4 katlı kafes sisteminde kafes başına 7 tavuk olacak şekilde toplam 56 kafese 392 tavuk yerleştirildi. Tavukların canlı ağırlıkları, büyüme oranları, yumurta üretimleri ve yumurta ağırlıkları kaydedilerek her kafesin önünden ölçülen THI ve ışık şiddeti değerleri ile ilişkilendirildi. Araştır-mada, üst kattaki tavukların canlı ağırlık, büyüme hızı, yumurta üretimi ve yumurta ağırlığı değerleri alt kattakilere göre daha yüksekti. THI değeri ile hem büyüme hızı hem de yumurta üretimi arasında negatif bir ilişki bulundu. THI değeri-nin artması hem canlı ağırlığı hem de yumurta üretimini olumsuz etkiledi. Işık şiddeti ile yumurta ağırlığı, yumurta üreti-mi ve ortalama yumurta üretimi arasında önemli pozitif ilişkiler gözlendi. Sonuç olarak, çevre yönetimi ve fizyolojik fak-törler yumurtacı tavukların performansının optimize edilmesinde çok önemlidir. Optimum ışık şiddeti ve sıcaklık yöneti-mi de dâhil olmak üzere uygun barınma koşulları, hem büyüme hem de üreme performansını en üst düzeye çıkarmak için gereklidir. Ayrıca, üretim dönemi başında ideal canlı ağırlığa ulaşılması yumurta üretimi için çok önemlidir.

Keywords

Büyüme hızı, ışık şiddeti, kafes katı, sıcaklık-nem indeksi, yumurta verimi

References

• Adegbenro M, Omole TR, Jongbo AO, Osho IB. Influ-ence of cage tiers height on cloaca temperature, performance, and egg quality of Isa-Brown laying hens reared in a humid tropical climate. Arch Zoo-tech 2023; 26(2): 116-34.
• Akkuş B, Yıldırım İ. Beyaz ve kahverengi ticari yu-murtacı tavuklarda tavuk yaşı ve kafes katının yu-murta dış kalite parametreleri üzerine etkileri. Akad. Ziraat Derg 2018; 7(2): 211-8.
• Amaripadath D, Rahif R, Velickovic M, Attia S. A sys-tematic review on role of humidity as an indoor thermal comfort parameter in humid climates. J Build Eng 2023; 68: 106039.
• Anderle M, Brambilla M, Hilpold A, Matabishi JG, Paniccia C, Rocchini D, et al. Habitat heterogeneity promotes bird diversity in agricultural landscapes: Insights from remote sensing data. Basic Appl Ecol 2023; 70: 38-49.
• Bahuti M, Junior TY, Fassani ÉJ, Ribeiro BPVB, de Lima RR, Campos AT. Evaluation of different light intensities on the well-being, productivity, and eggs quality of laying hens. Comput Electron Agr 2023; 215: 108423.
• Barros JSG, Barros TADS, Sartor K, Raimundo JA, Rossi LA. The effect of linear lighting systems on the productive performance and egg quality of lay-ing hens. Poult Sci 2020; 99(3): 1369-78.
• Dereli Fidan E, Nazligul A. The effect of cage position and density on some production traits in Denizli chickens. Anim Health Prod Hyg 2012; 1: 31-7.
• Durmuş İ, Kamanlı S. Yumurtacı tavuklarda kafes katlarının bazı verim özelliklerine etkisi ile verimler arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi. Akad. Ziraat Derg 2012; 2: 77-82.
• Eleroğlu H. The effect of breeding age end cages tiers on egg quality of white layer pure line. Turjaf 2019; 7: 173-82.
• Elghardouf N, Lahlouh I, Elakkary A, Sefiani N. To-wards modelling, and analysis of differential pres-sure and air velocity in a mechanical ventilation poultry house: Application for hot climates. Heliyon 2023; 9; e12936.
• Elshafaei HE, Rashed RR, Goma AA, El-Kazaz SE, Kerr MJ, Smith M, et al. Use of water electrolyte supplementation for three days prior to processing helps alleviate the consequences of a severe thermal challenge on performance in meat chickens. Livest Sci 2020; 242: 104-260.
• England A, Ruhnke I. The influence of light of different wavelengths on laying hen production and egg quality. J World’s Poult Sci 2020; 76(3): 443-58.
• Erensoy K, Sarıca M, Noubandiguim M, Dur M, Aslan R. Effect of light intensity and stocking density on the performance, egg quality, and feather condition of laying hens reared in a battery cage system over the first laying period. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53(2): 320.
• Farag MR, Alagawany M. Physiological alterations of poultry to the high environmental temperature. J Therm Biol 2018; 76: 101-6.
• Gonzalez Ariza A, Arando Arbulu A, Navas Gonzalez FJ, Nogales Baena S, Delgado Bermejo JV, Camacho Vallejo ME. The study of growth and performance in local chicken breeds and varieties: A review of methods and scientific transference. Animals 2021; 11(9): 24-92.
• He SP, Arowolo MA, Medrano RF, Li S, Yu QF, Chen JY, et al. Impact of heat stress and nutritional inter-ventions on poultry production. J World’s Poult Sci 2018; 74(4): 647-64.
• Karaman S, Sekeroglu A, Duman M. Physical char-acteristics and performance of laying hens caged in different tiers and environmental parameters of each tier. J Asabe Trans 2013; 56(1): 321-8.
• Kılıç İ, Şimşek E. Derin tabanlı bir yumurta tavuğu kümesinde iç ortam çevre koşullarının yeterliliğinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Bursa Uludag Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg 2008; 22(1): 17-29.
• Kim DH, Lee KW. An update on heat stress in laying hens. J World’s Poult Sci 2023; 79(4): 689-712.
• Kim DH, Lee YK, Kim SH, Lee KW. The Impact of Temperature and humidity on the performance and physiology of laying hens. Animals 2021; 11(1): 56.
• Küçüktopçu E, Cemek B, Simsek H. Modeling environmental conditions in poultry production: computational fluid dynamics approach. Animals 2024; 14(3): 501.
• Loengbudnark W, Chankitisakul V, Boonkum W. The genetic impact of heat stress on the egg production of Thai native chickens (Pradu Hang dum). Plos one 2023; 18(2): e0281328.
• Majewski E, Potori N, Sulewski P, Wąs A, Mórawska M, Gębska M, et al. End of the cage age? A study on the impacts of the transition from cages on the EU laying hen sector. Agriculture 2024; 14(1): 111.
• Mancinelli AC, Menchetti L, Birolo M, Bittante G, Chi-attelli D, Castellini C. Crossbreeding to improve local chicken breeds: predicting growth perfor-mance of the crosses using the Gompertz model and estimated heterosis. Poult Sci 2023; 102(8): 102783.
• Mohammed HH. Assessment of the role of light in welfare of layers. SVU-IJVS 2019; 2(1): 36-50.
• Nega TE. Influence of day length, light color, light intensity, and sources on the performance of grow-ers, and layers of different strains of chicken: A Review. EC Nu 2024; 19: 1-17.
• Oloyo A. The use of housing system in the management of heat stress in poultry production in hot and humid climate: A Review. Poult Sci 2018; 6 (1): 1-9.
• Onbaşılar EE, Aksoy FT. Stress parameters and immune response of layers under different cage floor and density conditions. Livest Prod Sci 2005; 95(3): 255-63.
• Özentürk U, Yildiz A, Genç M. Assessment of the feather score and health score in laying hens reared at different cage densities. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 2023; 70(1): 1-8.
• Özentürk U, Yildiz A. Comparison of performance parameters, stress, and immunity levels of native and commercial layers reared in different cage densities in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2021; 45(6): 1052-64.
• Pawar SS, Sajjanar B, Lonkar VD, Kurade NP, Ka-dam AS, Nirmal AV, et al. Assessing and mitigating the impact of heat stress in poultry. Adv Anim Vet Sci 2016; 4(6): 332–41.
• Qi F, Zhao X, Shi Z, Li H, Zhao W. Environmental factor detection and analysis technologies in live-stock and poultry houses: A Review. Agriculture 2023; 13(8): 1489.
• Saad HF, AL-hummod SK, Karomy AS. Lighting systems in the fields of laying hens (their importance and impact on the productive and immunological) performance of laying hens. EJARE 2024; 5(2); 1-6.
• Sahin S. Effects of cage location and tier level on performance and egg quality traits of laying hens. J Anim Vet Adv 2012; 11(14): 2380-3.
• Sarıca M, Türkoğlu M, Yamak US. Tavukçuluktaki gelişmeler ve Türkiye tavukçuluğu. Tavukçuluk bilimi, yetiştirme, besleme, hastalıklar (Editörler M Türkoğlu, M Sarıca). 2018; 1(36): 5.
• Shin H, Lee S yeon, Kim J gyu, Park DH, Jo SK, Kwak Y. Applicability evaluation of a temperature humidity index-controlled ventilation system in live-stock using a building energy simulation model. Case Stud Therm Eng 2024; 57: 104335.
• Sogunle OM, Fagbamila OE, Ayo-Ajasa OY, Sanda AJ, Odutayo OJ, Olatunbosun OB, et al. Age and Cage Tiers: Effects on productive performance, blood profile and egg quality traits of egg-type chickens. NJAS 2022; 24(3): 28-42.
• Şekeroğlu A, Duman M, Tahtalı Y, Yıldırım A, Eleroğlu H. Effect of cage tier and age on performance, egg quality and stress parameters of laying hens. S Afr J Anim Sci 2014; 44(3): 288-97.
• Türker İ, Kamanlı S, Çelen MF. Batarya tipi kafesler-de ışığın geliş açısının yumurta verimi ve kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Ordu Üniv Bil Tek Derg 2021; 11(2): 152-8.
• Yıldırım İ, Parlat SS, Aygün A, Yetişir R. Apartman tipi kafeste uygulanan askılı aydınlatma sisteminin kahverengi yumurtacı hibritlerin performans, yu-murta kalite özellikleri ve stres düzeyine etkileri. Selcuk J Agric Food Sci 2008; 22(44): 7-11.
• Yildiz A, Lacin E, Hayirli A, Macit M. Effects of cage location and tier level with respect to light intensity in semiconfined housing on egg production and quality during the late laying period. JAPR 2006; 15(3): 355-61.
• Zulovich JM, DeShazer JA. Estimating egg production declines at high environmental temperatures and humidities. Paper-American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 1990; 90: 4021.