Research Article
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Köpeklerde Ekstremitelerin Topografik ve Klinik Yeni Yaklaşımları ve Korelasyonları

Year 2025, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 95 - 102, 08.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1652752

Abstract

Köpeklerin ekstremitelerinde çeşitli travmatik lezyonlar görülmektedir. Cerrahlar için, organlara ve damarlara erişim için en uygun lokasyonu seçerken, ilgili yüzey işaretlerine aşinalık, kesi yerlerinin başarılı bir şekilde seçilmesi için ön koşuldur. Bu çalışma, köpeklerde ekstremitelerin topografik ve klinik anatomisini ayrıntılı olarak ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, köpeklerin ekstremitelerine topografik olarak yaklaşılmış, katmanlar fotoğraflanmış ve bölgede görülen anatomik yapılar isimlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, klinik yaklaşımlar için seçim bölgeleri belirlenmiş ve bölgelerin birbirleriyle korelasyonları, elle muayene edilebilen kemik noktaları kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, köpeklerde yapılan bu çalışma, literatüre renkli ve taze operasyon fotoğrafları eklenmesine katkıda bulunmakla kalmamış, aynı zamanda sinir boşluğuna uygulanan bazı anesteziler için yeni ve basit teknikler ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, farklı bir teknik kullanılarak yapılan osteometrik analizler, bölgeler arasında pozitif bir korelasyon olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Canlı bir köpekte dışarıdan elle muayene edilebilen noktalar arasındaki bazı ölçümlerin, diğer uzunlukları hesaplamak için kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Project Number

TDK-2016-6714

References

  • Akman ŞD, Karakaş P, Bozkır MG. The morphometric measurements of humerus segments. Turk J Med Sci 2006; 36: 81-5.
  • Alpak H, Mutuş R, Onar V. Correlation analysis of the skull and long bone measurements of the dog. Ann Anat 2004; 186: 323-30.
  • Berteaux D, Guintard C. Osteometric study of the metapodials of Amsterdam Island feral cattle. Acta Theriol 995; 40(1): 97-110.
  • Campoy L, Bezuidenhout AJ, Gleed RD, Flores MM, Raw RM, Santare CL, Jay AR, Wang AL. Ultrasound-guided approach for axillary brachial plexus, femoral nerve, and sciatic nerve blocks in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2010; 37: 144-53.
  • Çalışlar T, Kahvecioğlu O, Mutuş R. Veteriner Topografik Anatomi. Ankara, Turkey: Medisan; 1998: 40-63.
  • Done HS, Goody PC, Evans SA, Stickland NC. Color Atlas of Veterinary Anatomy. 2nd ed. China: Elsevier; 2009; pp. 237-556.
  • Dursun N. Veteriner Topografik Anatomi. Ankara, Turkey: Medisan; 2008: pp. 129-81.
  • Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJG. Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2010: pp. 476-500.
  • Evans HE, Lahunta A. Guide to the Dissection of the Dog. 7th ed. China: Saunders; 2010: pp. 7-186.
  • König HE, Liebich HG. Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals. 6th ed. Germany: Schattauer; 2014: pp. 151-722.
  • Mahler SP, Adogwa AO. Anatomical and experimental studies of brachial plexus, sciatic, and femoral nerve-location using peripheral nerve stimulation in the dog. Vet Anaesth Analg 2008; 35: 80-9.
  • Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (5 th ed). International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature, Hannover-Columbia-MO-Ghent-Sapporo 2012; pp. 4-136.
  • Onar V, Janeczek M, Pazvant G, Gezer Ince N, Alpak H, Armutak A, Chrószcz A, Kızıltan Z. Estimating the body weight of Byzantine dogs from the Theodosius Harbour at Yenikapı, İstanbul. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2015; 21(1): 55-9.
  • Onar V, Kahvecioğlu KO. Morphometric examination of the humerus in German Shepherd dogs. Tr J Vet Anim Sci 1999; 23(Suppl 1): 189-91.
  • Pazvant G, Kahvecioğlu KO. Studies on homotypic variations of fore and hind limb long bones in guinea pigs. İstanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2013; 39(1): 20-32.
  • Pazvant G, Onar V, Alpak H, Gezer İnce N, Kahvecioğlu O, Armutak A, Kızıltan Z. Osteometric examination of metapodial bones in sheep (Ovis aries L.) and goat (Capra hircus L.) unearthed from the Yenikapı metro and Marmaray excavations in İstanbul. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2015; 21(2): 147-53.
  • Salami SO, Ibe CS, Umosen AD, Ajayi IE, Maidawa SM. Comparative osteometric study of long bones in Yankasa sheep and Red Skoto goats. Int J Morphol 2011; 29(1): 100-4.
  • Standring S. Evidence-based surface anatomy. Clin Anat 2012; 25: 813-5.
  • Steyn M, İşcan MY. Osteometric variation in the humerus: Sexual dimorphism in South Africans. Forensic Sci Int 1999; 106: 77-85.
  • Süer C, Sağlam M. Clinical studies on the distribution and treatment of traumatic lesions of the hind limb in dogs. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 2006; 53: 15-23.
  • Taşer F, Toker S, Kılınçoğlu V. Evaluation of morphometric characteristics of the fibular incisura on dry bones. Joint Dis Rel Surg 2009; 0(1): 52-8.
  • Tobias KM, Johnston SA. (eds.) Veterinary Surgery Small Animal. Canada: Elsevier 2012; pp. 553-1190.

Topographic and Clinical New Approaches and Correlations of Extremities in Dogs

Year 2025, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 95 - 102, 08.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1652752

Abstract

Various traumatic lesions are encountered in the extremities of dogs. For surgeons, familiarity with relevant surface landmarks is a prerequisite for the successful selection of incision sites in choosing the most suitable location for access to organs and vessels. This study aimed to reveal in detail the topographic and clinical anatomy of the extremities in dogs. In this study, the extremities of dogs were approached topographically, the layers were photographed and the anatomical structures seen in the region were named. In addition, selection sites for clinical approaches were determined and correlations of the sites with each other were examined using palpable bone points. In conclusion, this study conducted in dogs not only contributed to adding colourful and fresh operation photographs to the literature but also revealed new and simple techniques for some of the anaesthesia applied to the nerve space. Additionally, osteometric analyses using a different technique revealed a positive correlation between regions. It has been concluded that some measurements between externally palpable points on a live dog can be used to calculate other lengths.

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Projects Unit

Project Number

TDK-2016-6714

Thanks

This study is summarized from the Thesis project coded TDK-2016-6714 supported by Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Unit.

References

  • Akman ŞD, Karakaş P, Bozkır MG. The morphometric measurements of humerus segments. Turk J Med Sci 2006; 36: 81-5.
  • Alpak H, Mutuş R, Onar V. Correlation analysis of the skull and long bone measurements of the dog. Ann Anat 2004; 186: 323-30.
  • Berteaux D, Guintard C. Osteometric study of the metapodials of Amsterdam Island feral cattle. Acta Theriol 995; 40(1): 97-110.
  • Campoy L, Bezuidenhout AJ, Gleed RD, Flores MM, Raw RM, Santare CL, Jay AR, Wang AL. Ultrasound-guided approach for axillary brachial plexus, femoral nerve, and sciatic nerve blocks in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2010; 37: 144-53.
  • Çalışlar T, Kahvecioğlu O, Mutuş R. Veteriner Topografik Anatomi. Ankara, Turkey: Medisan; 1998: 40-63.
  • Done HS, Goody PC, Evans SA, Stickland NC. Color Atlas of Veterinary Anatomy. 2nd ed. China: Elsevier; 2009; pp. 237-556.
  • Dursun N. Veteriner Topografik Anatomi. Ankara, Turkey: Medisan; 2008: pp. 129-81.
  • Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJG. Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2010: pp. 476-500.
  • Evans HE, Lahunta A. Guide to the Dissection of the Dog. 7th ed. China: Saunders; 2010: pp. 7-186.
  • König HE, Liebich HG. Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals. 6th ed. Germany: Schattauer; 2014: pp. 151-722.
  • Mahler SP, Adogwa AO. Anatomical and experimental studies of brachial plexus, sciatic, and femoral nerve-location using peripheral nerve stimulation in the dog. Vet Anaesth Analg 2008; 35: 80-9.
  • Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (5 th ed). International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature, Hannover-Columbia-MO-Ghent-Sapporo 2012; pp. 4-136.
  • Onar V, Janeczek M, Pazvant G, Gezer Ince N, Alpak H, Armutak A, Chrószcz A, Kızıltan Z. Estimating the body weight of Byzantine dogs from the Theodosius Harbour at Yenikapı, İstanbul. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2015; 21(1): 55-9.
  • Onar V, Kahvecioğlu KO. Morphometric examination of the humerus in German Shepherd dogs. Tr J Vet Anim Sci 1999; 23(Suppl 1): 189-91.
  • Pazvant G, Kahvecioğlu KO. Studies on homotypic variations of fore and hind limb long bones in guinea pigs. İstanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2013; 39(1): 20-32.
  • Pazvant G, Onar V, Alpak H, Gezer İnce N, Kahvecioğlu O, Armutak A, Kızıltan Z. Osteometric examination of metapodial bones in sheep (Ovis aries L.) and goat (Capra hircus L.) unearthed from the Yenikapı metro and Marmaray excavations in İstanbul. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2015; 21(2): 147-53.
  • Salami SO, Ibe CS, Umosen AD, Ajayi IE, Maidawa SM. Comparative osteometric study of long bones in Yankasa sheep and Red Skoto goats. Int J Morphol 2011; 29(1): 100-4.
  • Standring S. Evidence-based surface anatomy. Clin Anat 2012; 25: 813-5.
  • Steyn M, İşcan MY. Osteometric variation in the humerus: Sexual dimorphism in South Africans. Forensic Sci Int 1999; 106: 77-85.
  • Süer C, Sağlam M. Clinical studies on the distribution and treatment of traumatic lesions of the hind limb in dogs. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 2006; 53: 15-23.
  • Taşer F, Toker S, Kılınçoğlu V. Evaluation of morphometric characteristics of the fibular incisura on dry bones. Joint Dis Rel Surg 2009; 0(1): 52-8.
  • Tobias KM, Johnston SA. (eds.) Veterinary Surgery Small Animal. Canada: Elsevier 2012; pp. 553-1190.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İmdat Orhan 0000-0002-6723-8617

İsmail Hakkı Nur 0000-0001-7215-8112

Project Number TDK-2016-6714
Early Pub Date August 7, 2025
Publication Date August 8, 2025
Submission Date March 6, 2025
Acceptance Date May 14, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 22 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Orhan, İ., & Nur, İ. H. (2025). Topographic and Clinical New Approaches and Correlations of Extremities in Dogs. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1652752
AMA Orhan İ, Nur İH. Topographic and Clinical New Approaches and Correlations of Extremities in Dogs. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. August 2025;22(2):95-102. doi:10.32707/ercivet.1652752
Chicago Orhan, İmdat, and İsmail Hakkı Nur. “Topographic and Clinical New Approaches and Correlations of Extremities in Dogs”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 22, no. 2 (August 2025): 95-102. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1652752.
EndNote Orhan İ, Nur İH (August 1, 2025) Topographic and Clinical New Approaches and Correlations of Extremities in Dogs. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 22 2 95–102.
IEEE İ. Orhan and İ. H. Nur, “Topographic and Clinical New Approaches and Correlations of Extremities in Dogs”, Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 95–102, 2025, doi: 10.32707/ercivet.1652752.
ISNAD Orhan, İmdat - Nur, İsmail Hakkı. “Topographic and Clinical New Approaches and Correlations of Extremities in Dogs”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 22/2 (August 2025), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1652752.
JAMA Orhan İ, Nur İH. Topographic and Clinical New Approaches and Correlations of Extremities in Dogs. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2025;22:95–102.
MLA Orhan, İmdat and İsmail Hakkı Nur. “Topographic and Clinical New Approaches and Correlations of Extremities in Dogs”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 2, 2025, pp. 95-102, doi:10.32707/ercivet.1652752.
Vancouver Orhan İ, Nur İH. Topographic and Clinical New Approaches and Correlations of Extremities in Dogs. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2025;22(2):95-102.