While the impact of high-performance human resource practices on employee performance has been a topic of increasing interest in recent years, there is limited research on the effects of these practices on employees innovative behavior In this study, the relationship between high-performance human resource practices and employees innovative behavior was investigated. Data was collected through a survey technique from 218 employees working in medium and large-scale businesses operating in Kayseri. The hypotheses of the study were tested using multiple linear regression analysis. According to the results of the regression analysis, it was found that the talent development, motivation enhancement, and opportunity-enhancing incentivizing practices that constitute high-performance human resource practices are positively related to employees' innovative behavior. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that high-performance human resource practices have a positive impact on employees innovative behavior. By adopting these practices, organizations can enhance their employees innovative potential and achieve sustainable competitive advantage.
Alayoğlu, N. (2010). Rekabet üstünlüğü sağlamada insan kaynakları ve rekabet stratejileri uyumunun önemi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 9(17), s.27-49.
Amabile, T. M., & Pratt, M. G. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in
organizations: Making progress, making meaning. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 157-183.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001
Amabile, T. M., Barsade, S. G., Mueller, J. S., & Staw, B. M. (2005). Affect and creativity at work. Administrative
Science Quarterly, 50(3), 367-403. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2005.50.3.367
Appelbaum, E., Bailey, T., Berg, S., & Kalleberg, A. L. (2000). Manufacturing advantage: Why high-performance
work systems pay off. Cornell University Press.
Baer, M. (2012). Putting creativity to work: The implementation of creative ideas in organizations. Academy of
Management Journal, 55(5), 1102-1119. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.0470
Blau, P. M. (2017). Exchange and Power in Social Life (1. bs). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203792643
Boon, C., Jiang, K., Takeuchi, R., & Gong, Y. (2022). Strategic Human Resource Management and Organizational
Effectiveness. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Bordia, S., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia S. & Tang, R. L. (2017). Effects of resource availability on social exchange
relationships: the case of employee psychological contract obligations. Journal of Management, 43(5), 1447-
1471.
Bos-Nehles, A. C., Van Riemsdijk, M. J., & Kees Looise, J. (2013). Employee perceptions of line management
performance: Applying the AMO theory to explain the effectiveness of line managers’ HRM implementation:
Employee perceptions of line management performance. Human Resource Management, 52(6), 861-877.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21578
Boxall, P., & Macky, K. (2009). Research and theory on high-performance work systems: Progressing the high-
involvement stream. Human Resource Management Journal, 19(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-
8583.2008.00082.x
Brown, A., Shipton, H., Sparrow, S., & Budhwar, S. (Eds.). (2016). Human Resource Management, Innovation and
Performance. Palgrave Macmillan.
Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming.
Routledge.
Chamberlin, M., Newton, D. W., & LePine, J. A. (2018). A meta‐analysis of empowerment and voice as transmitters
of high‐performance managerial practices to job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(10),
1296-1313. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2295
Choi, W. S., Kang, S. W., & Choi, S. B. (2021). Innovative behavior in the workplace: An empirical study of
moderated mediation model of self-efficacy, perceived organizational support, and leader–member
exchange. Behavioral Sciences, 11(12), 182.
Cole, M. S., Bruch, H., & Vogel, B. (2006). Emotion as mediators of the relations between perceived supervisor
support and psychological hardiness on employee cynicism. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The
International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 27(4), 463-484.
Combs, J., Liu, Y., Hall, A., & Ketchen, D. (2006). How much do high-performance work practices matter? A meta-
analysis of their effects on organizational performance. Personnel Psychology, 59(3), 501-528.
Cropanzano, R. & Mitchell, M. (2005). Social exhange theory: An interdiciplinary review. Journal of Management,
31(6), 874-900.
Cropanzano, R., Anthony, E. L., Daniels, S. R., & Hall, A. V. (2017). Social exchange theory: A critical review with
theoretical remedies. Academy of Management Annals, 11(1), 479-516. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2015.0099
Çalışkan, A., Akkoç, İ., & Turunç, Ö. (2019). Yenilikçi davraniş: bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Uluslararası İktisadi ve
İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 94-111.
Eisenbeiss, S. A., Van Knippenberg, D., & Boerner, S. (2008). Transformational leadership and team innovation:
integrating team climate principles. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1438.
Escribá-Carda, N., Balbastre-Benavent, F., & Canet-Giner, M. T. (2017). Employees’ perceptions of high-
performance work systems and innovative behaviour: The role of exploratory learning. European Management
Journal, 35(2), 273-281.
Evans, A., & Chun, E. (2012). Creating a tipping point: strategic human resources in higher education: ASHE
higher education report. John Wiley & Sons.
Farazmand, A. (2023). Global encyclopedia of public administration, public policy, and governance. Springer
Nature.
Guthrie, J. P. (2001). High-involvement work practices, turnover, and productivity: evidence from new zealand.
Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), 180-190. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069345
Gürbüz, S. (2021). AMOS ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi [Structural equation modeling with AMOS]. Seckin
Publishing.
Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Seckin Publishing.
Gürbüz, S., Schaufeli, W. B., Freese, C., & Brouwers, E. P. M. (2024). Fueling creativity: HR practices, work
engagement, personality, and autonomy. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(22),
3770-3799. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2024.2429125
Gürlek, M. (2020). Yüksek performanslı insan kaynakları uygulamaları hizmet odaklı örgütsel vatandaşlık
davranışını nasıl etkiler? İş tutumlarının aracılık rolü. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 7(1), 59-76.
Huang, X., Iun, J., Liu, A., & Gong, Y. (2010). Does participative leadership enhance work performance by inducing
empowerment or trust? The differential effects on managerial and non-managerial subordinates. Journal of
Organizational Behavior, 31(1), 122-143. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.636
Imran, R., & Al-Ansi, K. S. H. (2019, March). High performance work system, job engagement and innovative work
behavior: An exploration in Omani context. In Proceedings of the 2019 2nd International Conference on
Computers in Management and Business (pp. 24-28).
İspir, İ., & Yeşil, S. (2020). İnsan kaynakları yönetimi uygulamalarının çalışanların iş tatminine, yenilikçiliğine ve
performansına etkisi. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, 15(58), 190-209.
Jaiswal, D., & Dhar, R. L. (2017). Impact of human resources practices on employee creativity in the hotel
industry: The impact of job autonomy. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 16(1), 1-21.
Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Hu, J., & Baer, J. C. (2012). How does human resource management influence
organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms. Academy of management
Journal, 55(6), 1264-1294.
Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press.
Kozbelt, A., Beghetto, R. A., & Runco, M. A. (2010). Theories of Creativity. İçinde J. C. Kaufman & R. J. Sternberg
(Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity (ss. 20-47). Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511763205.004
Lawler, E. E. (1986). High-involvement management (1st ed). Jossey-Bass.
Miao, R., Lu, L., Cao, Y., & Du, Q. (2020). The high-performance work system, employee voice, and innovative
behavior: The moderating role of psychological safety. International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health, 17(4), 1150.
Mitchell, R., Obeidat, S., & Bray, M. (2013). The effect of strategic human resource management on organizational
performance: The mediating role of high‐performance human resource practices. Human Resource
Management, 52(6), 899-921.
Mostafa, A. M. S. (2017). High-performance HR practices, positive affect and employee outcomes. Journal of
Managerial Psychology, 32(2), 163-176.
OECD. (2020). Getting skills right: Workforce innovation to foster positive learning environments in Canada.
OECD Publishing.
Oldham, G. R., & Hackman, J. R. (2010). Not what it was and not what it will be: The future of job design research.
Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(2-3), 463-479. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.678
Paré, G., & Tremblay, M. (2007). The influence of high-involvement human resources practices, procedural
justice, organizational commitment, and citizenship behaviors on information technology professionals’
turnover intentions. Group & Organization Management, 32(3), 326-357.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601106286875
Pelenk, S. E. (2020). İş güvencesizliğinin görev performansına etkisi: yenilikçi davranışın düzenleyici rolü. Bilecik
Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(1), 214-228.
https://doi.org/10.33905/bseusbed.730234
Posthuma, R. A., Campion, M. C., Masimova, M., & Campion, M. A. (2013). A high performance work practices
taxonomy: integrating the literature and directing future research. Journal of Management, 39(5), 1184-1220.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313478184
Prieto, I. M., & Santana, P. P. M. (2012). Building ambidexterity: The role of human resource practices in the
performance of firms from Spain. Human Resource Management, 51(2), 189-211.
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determınants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in
the workplace. Academy Of Management Journal, 37(3), 580-607.
Sezgin, O. B., Uçar, Z., & Duygulu, E. (2015). Güven, yenilikçi iş davranışı ilişkisinde bilgi paylaşımının aracılık rolü.
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 1-1. https://doi.org/10.24889/ifede.268156
Sun, L. Y., Aryee, S., & Law, K. S. (2007). High-performance human resource practices, citizenship behavior, and
organizational performance: A relational perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 50(3), 558-577.
Takeuchi, R., Chen, G., & Lepak, D. S. (2009). Through the looking glass of a social system: Cross-level effects of
high-performance work systems on employees’ attitudes. Personnel Psychology, 62, 1–29.
Tsai, C. Y., Horng, J. S., Liu, C. H., & Hu, D. C. (2015). Work environment and atmosphere: The role of organizational
support in the creativity performance of tourism and hospitality organizations. International Journal of
Hospitality Management, 46, 26-35.
Türkoğlu, İ. (2020). ASEAD 5. uluslararası sosyal bilimler sempozyumu bildiriler kitabı. Astana Yayınları.
Wei, Y.-C., Han, T.-S., & Hsu, I.-C. (2010). High-performance HR practices and OCB: A cross-level investigation of
a causal path. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 1631–1648.
Werner, J. M. (2021). Human resource development: Talent development. Cengage Learning.
Whitener, E. M. (2001). Do “high commitment” human resource practices affect employee commitment?: A
cross-level analysis using hierarchical linear modeling. Journal of management, 27(5), 515-535.
Woodman, R. W., Sawyer, J. E., & Griffin, R. W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. The Academy
of Management Review, 18(2), 293. https://doi.org/10.2307/258761
Yılmaz, H., & Karahan, A. (2015). Yüksek performanslı insan kaynakları yönetimi uygulamaları, psikolojik
güçlendirme ve duygusal bağlılık arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi: Tekstil sektöründe bir araştırma. Dokuz Eylül
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YÜKSEK PERFORMANSLI İNSAN KAYNAKLARI UYGULAMALARININ YENİLİKÇİ DAVRANIŞ İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Year 2025,
Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 228 - 253, 25.03.2025
Yüksek performanslı insan kaynakları uygulamalarının çalışanların performansları üzerindeki etkisi son yıllarda ilgi çeken konulardan birisi olmasına rağmen bu uygulamaların işgörenlerin yenilikçi davranışları üzerindeki etkisine yönelik kısıtlı sayıda araştırma olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada yüksek performanslı insan kaynakları uygulamalarının işgörenlerin yenilikçi davranışlarıyla ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırman hipotezlerini test etmek amacıyla Kayseri’de faaliyet gösteren orta ve büyük ölçekli işletmelerde çalışan 218 işgörenden anket tekniği kullanılarak veri toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın hipotezleri çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, yüksek performanslı insan kaynakları uygulamalarını oluşturan yetenek geliştirici, motivasyon artırıcı ve olanak artırıcı teşvik edici uygulamalarının işgörenlerin yenilikçi davranışlarıyla olumlu yönde ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yüksek performanslı insan kaynakları uygulamalarının işgörenlerin yenilikçi davranışları üzerinde olumlu bir etkisi olduğu bu çalışma ile gösterilmiştir. İşletmeler bu uygulamaları benimseyerek işgörenlerin yenilikçilik potansiyelini artırabilir ve sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı elde edebilirler.
Alayoğlu, N. (2010). Rekabet üstünlüğü sağlamada insan kaynakları ve rekabet stratejileri uyumunun önemi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 9(17), s.27-49.
Amabile, T. M., & Pratt, M. G. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in
organizations: Making progress, making meaning. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 157-183.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001
Amabile, T. M., Barsade, S. G., Mueller, J. S., & Staw, B. M. (2005). Affect and creativity at work. Administrative
Science Quarterly, 50(3), 367-403. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2005.50.3.367
Appelbaum, E., Bailey, T., Berg, S., & Kalleberg, A. L. (2000). Manufacturing advantage: Why high-performance
work systems pay off. Cornell University Press.
Baer, M. (2012). Putting creativity to work: The implementation of creative ideas in organizations. Academy of
Management Journal, 55(5), 1102-1119. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.0470
Blau, P. M. (2017). Exchange and Power in Social Life (1. bs). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203792643
Boon, C., Jiang, K., Takeuchi, R., & Gong, Y. (2022). Strategic Human Resource Management and Organizational
Effectiveness. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Bordia, S., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia S. & Tang, R. L. (2017). Effects of resource availability on social exchange
relationships: the case of employee psychological contract obligations. Journal of Management, 43(5), 1447-
1471.
Bos-Nehles, A. C., Van Riemsdijk, M. J., & Kees Looise, J. (2013). Employee perceptions of line management
performance: Applying the AMO theory to explain the effectiveness of line managers’ HRM implementation:
Employee perceptions of line management performance. Human Resource Management, 52(6), 861-877.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21578
Boxall, P., & Macky, K. (2009). Research and theory on high-performance work systems: Progressing the high-
involvement stream. Human Resource Management Journal, 19(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-
8583.2008.00082.x
Brown, A., Shipton, H., Sparrow, S., & Budhwar, S. (Eds.). (2016). Human Resource Management, Innovation and
Performance. Palgrave Macmillan.
Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming.
Routledge.
Chamberlin, M., Newton, D. W., & LePine, J. A. (2018). A meta‐analysis of empowerment and voice as transmitters
of high‐performance managerial practices to job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(10),
1296-1313. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2295
Choi, W. S., Kang, S. W., & Choi, S. B. (2021). Innovative behavior in the workplace: An empirical study of
moderated mediation model of self-efficacy, perceived organizational support, and leader–member
exchange. Behavioral Sciences, 11(12), 182.
Cole, M. S., Bruch, H., & Vogel, B. (2006). Emotion as mediators of the relations between perceived supervisor
support and psychological hardiness on employee cynicism. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The
International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 27(4), 463-484.
Combs, J., Liu, Y., Hall, A., & Ketchen, D. (2006). How much do high-performance work practices matter? A meta-
analysis of their effects on organizational performance. Personnel Psychology, 59(3), 501-528.
Cropanzano, R. & Mitchell, M. (2005). Social exhange theory: An interdiciplinary review. Journal of Management,
31(6), 874-900.
Cropanzano, R., Anthony, E. L., Daniels, S. R., & Hall, A. V. (2017). Social exchange theory: A critical review with
theoretical remedies. Academy of Management Annals, 11(1), 479-516. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2015.0099
Çalışkan, A., Akkoç, İ., & Turunç, Ö. (2019). Yenilikçi davraniş: bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Uluslararası İktisadi ve
İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 94-111.
Eisenbeiss, S. A., Van Knippenberg, D., & Boerner, S. (2008). Transformational leadership and team innovation:
integrating team climate principles. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1438.
Escribá-Carda, N., Balbastre-Benavent, F., & Canet-Giner, M. T. (2017). Employees’ perceptions of high-
performance work systems and innovative behaviour: The role of exploratory learning. European Management
Journal, 35(2), 273-281.
Evans, A., & Chun, E. (2012). Creating a tipping point: strategic human resources in higher education: ASHE
higher education report. John Wiley & Sons.
Farazmand, A. (2023). Global encyclopedia of public administration, public policy, and governance. Springer
Nature.
Guthrie, J. P. (2001). High-involvement work practices, turnover, and productivity: evidence from new zealand.
Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), 180-190. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069345
Gürbüz, S. (2021). AMOS ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi [Structural equation modeling with AMOS]. Seckin
Publishing.
Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Seckin Publishing.
Gürbüz, S., Schaufeli, W. B., Freese, C., & Brouwers, E. P. M. (2024). Fueling creativity: HR practices, work
engagement, personality, and autonomy. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(22),
3770-3799. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2024.2429125
Gürlek, M. (2020). Yüksek performanslı insan kaynakları uygulamaları hizmet odaklı örgütsel vatandaşlık
davranışını nasıl etkiler? İş tutumlarının aracılık rolü. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 7(1), 59-76.
Huang, X., Iun, J., Liu, A., & Gong, Y. (2010). Does participative leadership enhance work performance by inducing
empowerment or trust? The differential effects on managerial and non-managerial subordinates. Journal of
Organizational Behavior, 31(1), 122-143. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.636
Imran, R., & Al-Ansi, K. S. H. (2019, March). High performance work system, job engagement and innovative work
behavior: An exploration in Omani context. In Proceedings of the 2019 2nd International Conference on
Computers in Management and Business (pp. 24-28).
İspir, İ., & Yeşil, S. (2020). İnsan kaynakları yönetimi uygulamalarının çalışanların iş tatminine, yenilikçiliğine ve
performansına etkisi. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, 15(58), 190-209.
Jaiswal, D., & Dhar, R. L. (2017). Impact of human resources practices on employee creativity in the hotel
industry: The impact of job autonomy. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 16(1), 1-21.
Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Hu, J., & Baer, J. C. (2012). How does human resource management influence
organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms. Academy of management
Journal, 55(6), 1264-1294.
Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press.
Kozbelt, A., Beghetto, R. A., & Runco, M. A. (2010). Theories of Creativity. İçinde J. C. Kaufman & R. J. Sternberg
(Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity (ss. 20-47). Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511763205.004
Lawler, E. E. (1986). High-involvement management (1st ed). Jossey-Bass.
Miao, R., Lu, L., Cao, Y., & Du, Q. (2020). The high-performance work system, employee voice, and innovative
behavior: The moderating role of psychological safety. International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health, 17(4), 1150.
Mitchell, R., Obeidat, S., & Bray, M. (2013). The effect of strategic human resource management on organizational
performance: The mediating role of high‐performance human resource practices. Human Resource
Management, 52(6), 899-921.
Mostafa, A. M. S. (2017). High-performance HR practices, positive affect and employee outcomes. Journal of
Managerial Psychology, 32(2), 163-176.
OECD. (2020). Getting skills right: Workforce innovation to foster positive learning environments in Canada.
OECD Publishing.
Oldham, G. R., & Hackman, J. R. (2010). Not what it was and not what it will be: The future of job design research.
Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(2-3), 463-479. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.678
Paré, G., & Tremblay, M. (2007). The influence of high-involvement human resources practices, procedural
justice, organizational commitment, and citizenship behaviors on information technology professionals’
turnover intentions. Group & Organization Management, 32(3), 326-357.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601106286875
Pelenk, S. E. (2020). İş güvencesizliğinin görev performansına etkisi: yenilikçi davranışın düzenleyici rolü. Bilecik
Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(1), 214-228.
https://doi.org/10.33905/bseusbed.730234
Posthuma, R. A., Campion, M. C., Masimova, M., & Campion, M. A. (2013). A high performance work practices
taxonomy: integrating the literature and directing future research. Journal of Management, 39(5), 1184-1220.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313478184
Prieto, I. M., & Santana, P. P. M. (2012). Building ambidexterity: The role of human resource practices in the
performance of firms from Spain. Human Resource Management, 51(2), 189-211.
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determınants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in
the workplace. Academy Of Management Journal, 37(3), 580-607.
Sezgin, O. B., Uçar, Z., & Duygulu, E. (2015). Güven, yenilikçi iş davranışı ilişkisinde bilgi paylaşımının aracılık rolü.
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 1-1. https://doi.org/10.24889/ifede.268156
Sun, L. Y., Aryee, S., & Law, K. S. (2007). High-performance human resource practices, citizenship behavior, and
organizational performance: A relational perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 50(3), 558-577.
Takeuchi, R., Chen, G., & Lepak, D. S. (2009). Through the looking glass of a social system: Cross-level effects of
high-performance work systems on employees’ attitudes. Personnel Psychology, 62, 1–29.
Tsai, C. Y., Horng, J. S., Liu, C. H., & Hu, D. C. (2015). Work environment and atmosphere: The role of organizational
support in the creativity performance of tourism and hospitality organizations. International Journal of
Hospitality Management, 46, 26-35.
Türkoğlu, İ. (2020). ASEAD 5. uluslararası sosyal bilimler sempozyumu bildiriler kitabı. Astana Yayınları.
Wei, Y.-C., Han, T.-S., & Hsu, I.-C. (2010). High-performance HR practices and OCB: A cross-level investigation of
a causal path. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21, 1631–1648.
Werner, J. M. (2021). Human resource development: Talent development. Cengage Learning.
Whitener, E. M. (2001). Do “high commitment” human resource practices affect employee commitment?: A
cross-level analysis using hierarchical linear modeling. Journal of management, 27(5), 515-535.
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of Management Review, 18(2), 293. https://doi.org/10.2307/258761
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