Mikrobiyal biyosürfektanlar: Yüzey aktif bileşikler

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 3, 1 - 9, 01.06.2015

Fatma Neslihan Yüksel Mustafa Akçelik

Öz

Sürfektanlar, günlük yaşamda yaygın olarak kullanılan yüzey aktif ajanlardır. Kontaminant çözünürlüğünü arttırabilen sürfektanların sentetik olanları çoğunlukla toksik olup ek kontaminasyon kaynakları oluştururken, biyosürfektanlar, yenilenebilir kaynaklardan elde edilmeleri, düşük toksititeye sahip olmaları ya da toksik olmamaları, biyolojik olarak parçalanabilir olmaları gibi özelliklerinden ötürü daha avantajlı kullanım alanlarına sahiptir. Biyosürfektanlar, çok iyi derecede yüzey aktivitesine sahiptir, tekrar kullanılabilir, aşırı sıcaklık ve pH koşulları altında etkinlerini sentetik sürfektanlara kıyasla daha uzun süre muhafaza edebilir. Biyosürfektanlar, sıvıların yüzey ve arayüzey gerilimini azaltan özelliklere sahiptir. Biyosürfektanların önemli fonksiyonları arasında; patojenik organizmaların birçoğuna karşı antimikrobiyal ve antifungal aktivite göstermelerinin yanı sıra; çözme, emülsifiye etme, dağıtma, ıslatma, köpürme ve deterjan gibi fonksiyonları da bulunmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında farklı mikrobiyal sürfektanlar ve bu sürfektanların endüstriyel ve biyomedikal uygulama alanları hakkında literatür bilgileri tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyosürfektan, antibakteriyel, antifungal, endüstriyel uygulama, biyomedikal uygulama

Microbial biosurfactants: Surface active agents

Öz

Surfactants, surface active compounds, are one of the most common used agents in daily life. While synthetic surfactants which are able to increase the contaminant solubility are often toxic, representing an additional source of contamination, biosurfactants offer advantages rather than synthetic surfactants due to their derivation from renewable resources, low or non-toxicity, biodegradability. Biosurfactants that has excellent surface activity are reusable and able to maintain their effectiveness under extreme temperature and pH conditions. They have the unique property of reducing the surface and interfacial tension of liquids. The major functions of biosurfactants includes solubilization, emulsification, dispersion, wetting, foaming, and detergent capacity, as well as antimicrobial and antifungal activity against a number of pathogenic organisms. In this review we have discussed the literature about different microbial surfactants and their industrial and biomedical applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biosurfactant, antibacterial, antifungal, industrial applications, biomedical applications

Kaynakça

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