Doğal gaz ve petrol sistemlerinden kaynaklanan metan emisyonlarının analizi: 1990– 2010

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3, 205 - 224, 01.06.2012

Gökhan Aydın İzzet Karakurt Kerim Aydıner

Öz

Antropojenik sera gazı emisyonlarının atmosferdeki konsantrasyonları, son yıllarda önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Bu artış, sera gazı etkisinin de artmasına yol açmıştır. Sera gazlarından biri olan metan (CH4), çeşitli kaynaklardan açığa çıkmakta olup, atmosferdeki konsantrasyonu son birkaç yüzyılda çarpıcı bir biçimde artmıştır. Doğal gaz ve petrol sistemleri, atmosferdeki konsantrasyonu hızla artan metan emisyonlarının önemli kaynaklarından biridir. Bu nedenle, bölgesel ve ülkeler bazında metan emisyonlarına sebep olan birincil kaynakların belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma, doğal gaz ve petrol sistemlerinden kaynaklanan metan emisyonlarının 1990–2010 yılları arasındaki değişimi incelemektedir. Çalışma, metan emisyonlarındaki değişimi coğrafik ölçekte analiz etmektedir. Sonuçlar, Avrupa Birliği’ne üye olmayan ülkelerin küresel metan emisyonlarına sebep olan ülkeler içerisinde en büyük paya sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu ülkeler içerisinde, en yüksek paya sahip olan ülkenin Rusya Federasyonu olduğu ve bu ülkenin bölgedeki metan emisyonları değişimi açısından baskın ülke olduğu belirlenmiştir. Avrupa Birliği’ne üye olmayan ülkelerin ardından, OECD ve Avrupa Birliği’ne üye ülkeler metan emisyonlarına en fazla sebep olan ülkelerdir. Bu gruplar içerisinde, Birleşik Devletler emisyonların çoğunluğundan sorumludur. Çalışmanın sonuçları ayrıca; doğal gaz ve petrol sistemlerinden kaynaklanan metan emisyonlarının, kullanılan ekipmanların yenilenmesi, yönetim prosedürlerinin iyileştirilmesi, havalandırmanın azaltılması gibi yöntemlerle neredeyse % 100 oranında azaltılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğal gaz, Petrol, Metan emisyonu, Azaltım

Analysis of methane emissions from natural gas and oil systems: 1990-2010

Öz

The concentrations of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere have considerably increased in recent years. This has caused to an increase in the greenhouse effect. Methane (CH4), one of the greenhouse gases, is emitted from a variety of sources and its concentration in atmosphere has increased dramatically over the last few centuries. Natural gas and oil systems are one of the important sources of methane emissions whose concentration in atmosphere has rapidly increased. It is, therefore, highly important to determine the primary sources of emissions in terms of regions and countries. This paper examines the methane emissions from natural gas and oil systems from 1990 to 2010. It analyses the changes in methane emissions on the basis of geographic scale. Results indicate that the non-European Union nations had the biggest share in global methane emissions. Between these nations, Russian Federation was the highest emitter and its natural gas emissions dominate the region’s emissions. Following the non-European Union nations, OECD countries and current members of the European Union were the next biggest contributors to the emissions. The United States was responsible for the majority of emissions in this group. Results also showed that these emissions can be decreased by nearly 100% using technology or equipment upgrades, improving management practices and operational procedures to reduce venting, enhancing management practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Natural gas, Oil, Methane emission, Mitigation

Kaynakça

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