NİKEL ESASLI SÜPERALAŞIMLARIN VE TİTANYUM ALAŞIMLARININ İŞLENEBİLİRLİĞİ 1. BÖLÜM: SİNTERLENMİŞ KARBÜR TAKIMLARIN PERFORMANSLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 302 - 330, 01.02.2009

Ali Rıza Motorcu

Öz

Nikel esaslı süperalaşımlar ile titanyum ve alaşımları gibi gelişmiş malzemeler yüksek ısıl direnç, sertlik ve aşınma dayanımı gibi özelliklerin birleşimi nedeniyle talaş kaldırma sırasında kesici takım malzemelerine ciddi güçlükler doğurmaktadır. Süperalaşımların düşük işlenebilirlik özellikleri kesici takım malzemeleri üzerinde plastik deformasyona ve hızla artan takım aşınmalarına yol açan kesme kenarına yakın oldukça yüksek termal ve mekanik gerilmelerin oluşmasına neden olmaktadır. Nikel esaslı süperalaşımların ve titanyum alaşımlarının işlenmesinde tipik aşınma tipleri burunda ve/veya talaş derinliği çizgisine yakın çentik, serbest yüzey aşınması, krater aşınması, çıtlama ve ani takım kırılmalarıdır. Geliştirilmiş sertlikleri ile kaplamasız ve kaplamalı sinterlenmiş karbürler, seramikler ve kübik bor nitrürler (CBN) bu süperalaşımların işlenmesinde oldukça sık kullanılmaktadır. CBN ve seramik takımlar genellikle yüksek hızlardaki sürekli kesme işlemlerinde kullanılmaktadır. Diğer taraftan sinterlenmiş karbür takımlar da nikel esaslı süperalaşımların ve titanyum alaşımlarının işlenmesinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kaplamasız ve kaplamalı olmak üzere iki karbür kesici takım kategorisi bu süperalaşımların ticari işleme uygulamalarında kullanılmaktadır.Bu çalışmada, son yıllardaki çalışmalar ve nikel esaslı süperalaşımların ve titanyum alaşımlarının işlenebilirliği ile ilgili gelişmeler sunulmuştur. Bu süperalaşımların işlenmesinde farklı kesme yöntemleri, soğutma uygulamaları, kesme kuvvetleri ve sinterlenmiş karbür takımların takım ömrü ve takım aşınma davranışları değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşlenebilirlik, Nikel esaslı süperalaşım, Titanyum alaşımları, Karbür kesici takım, Takım ömrü, Takım aşınması.

MACHINABILITY OF NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOYS AND TITANIUM ALLOYS PART 1: EVALUATION OF CEMENTED CARBIDE TOOLS’ PERFORMANCES

Öz

Advanced materials such as nickel based super alloys, titanium and its alloys provide serious challenge for cutting tool materials during machining due to their combinations of properties such as high thermal resistance, hardness and wear resistance. The poor machinability of superalloys subject cutting tool materials to extreme thermal and mechanical stress close to the cutting edge often leading to plastic deformation and accelerated tool wear. Typical failure modes when machining nickel based superalloys and titanium alloys are notching at the nose and/or depth of cut line, flank wear, crater wear, chipping and catastrophic tool failure. Tool materials with improved hardness like uncoated and coated cemented carbides, ceramics and cubic boron nitrides (CBN) are the most frequently used for machining these superalloys. CBN and ceramic tools are generally preferred for high speed continuously machining as smoot cut. On the other hand, cemented carbide tools are still largely used for machining the nickel based superalloys and titanium alloys. Two categories of carbide cutting tool are available for commercial machining application of these superalloys; uncoated and coated carbide tools.In this study, recent works and advances concerning machining of nickel based superalloys and titanium alloys with carbide tools are presented. Different cutting methods, coolant applications, cutting forces and tool life and tool wear of cemented carbide tools are evaluated in the machining of these superalloys.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Machinability, Nickel-based superalloy, Titanium alloy, Carbide cutting tool, Tool life, Tool wear

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