A Contemporary Perspective on Organizational Ecology Theory: The Role of State-Owned Enterprises in Global Markets

Year 2021, , 85 - 106, 30.04.2021

Bora Coşar

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.698186

Cited By: 1

Abstract

In this article, it was argued that the organizational ecology theory and its approaches,
which Hannan and Freeman put forward and which filled an important gap of the period during which
they emerged, have not validity in today's global markets; and accordingly, the development of a
current perspective was aimed. In this context, state-owned enterprises, known as the great powers of
today, were examined, and their dominant positions in the markets were taken into account. It is
argued that the natural selection process of organizational ecology has lost its meaning due to the fact
that these organizations are both rivals to other firms in the market and take part in the form of the
legislator as the state, and this situation shapes markets as the artificial selection process under the
selectivity of these organizations. In this context, other approaches of the theory were also criticized
and new approaches to the subject were proposed.

Keywords

Organizational Ecology, Artificial Selection, Structural Flexibility, Owned Enterprise, State-Owned Enterprise

Örgütsel Ekoloji Kuramına Güncel Bir Bakış: Kamu İktisadi Teşekküllerinin Küresel Pazarlardaki Rolü

Abstract

Bu makalede Hannan ve Freeman tarafından ortaya konan ve bulunduğu dönemin önemli bir boşluğunu dolduran örgütsel ekoloji kuramının ve yaklaşımlarının, günümüzün küresel pazarlarında geçerliliği olmadığı savunulmuş ve buna bağlı olarak güncel bir bakış açısı getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda günümüzün büyük güçleri olarak bilinen kamu iktisadi teşekkülleri incelenmiş ve onların pazarlardaki baskın konumu göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Bu örgütlerin hem pazardaki diğer firmalara rakip olması hem de devlet olarak kanun koyucu şeklinde yer almasıyla, örgütsel ekolojinin doğal seçilim sürecinin anlamını yitirdiği ve bu durumun bu örgütlerin seçiciliği altında yapay seçilim süreci olarak pazarları şekillendirdiği savunulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda kuramın diğer yaklaşımları da eleştirilmiş ve konuyla ilgili yeni yaklaşımlar önerilmiştir.

Keywords

Örgütsel Ekoloji, Yapay Seçilim, Yapısal Esneklik, Kamu İktisadi Teşekkülleri

References

• Amburgey, T. L., Dacin, T., & Kelly, D. (1994). Disruptive selection and population segmentation: Interpopulation competition as a segregating process. Evolutionary dynamics of organizations, 240, 245.
• Amburgey, T. L., & Rao, H. (1996). Organizational ecology: Past, present, and future directions. Academy of management journal, 39(5), 1265-1286.
• Amirkabiri, A., Eyvazi, M., Mirzaie, M. H., & Kheirkhah, M. (2016). The Study of Population Ecology Approach to Organizatıon. Turkish Onlıne Journal Of Design Art And Communication, 6, 2076-2079.
• Astley, W. G., & Van de Ven, A. H. (1983). Central perspectives and debates in organization theory. Administrative science quarterly, 245-273.
• Bai, C. E., Liu, Q., Lu, J., Song, F. M., & Zhang, J. (2004). Corporate governance and market valuation in China. Journal of comparative economics, 32(4), 599-616.
• Başbakanlık Yüksek Denetleme Kurulu (YDK). (2010). Genel Rapor 2007 Kamu İktisadi Teşebbüsleri Diğer Kuruluşlar İştirakler, Ankara.
• Baum, J.A. (1996). Organizational ecology. S. Clegg, C. Hardy ve W Nord (eds) Handbook of Organization Studies, London: Sage, 77–114.
• Baum, J.A. ve Amburgey, T.L. (2000). Organizational Ecology. In J. A. C. Baum (Ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Organizations, Oxford: Blackwell, 304–326.
• Baum, J. A., & Singh, J. V. (Eds.). (1994). Evolutionary dynamics of organizations. Oxford University Press.
• Betton, J., & Dess, G. G. (1985). The application of population ecology models to the study of organizations. Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 750-757.
• Boone, C., Brdcheler, V., & Carroll, G. R. (2000). Custom service: Application and tests of resource-partitioning theory among Dutch auditing firms from 1896 to 1992. Organization Studies, 21(2), 355-381.
• Brouwer, A. E. (2001). Organizational Ecology and Industrial Organization; Old Firms in the Netherlands.
• Bruderl, J., & Schussler, R. (1990). Organizational mortality: The liabilities of newness and adolescence. Administrative Science Quarterly, 530-547.
• Capobianco, A., & Christiansen, H. (2011). Competitive Neutrality and State-Owned Enterprises. OECD Corporate Governance Working Papers, No.1, (www.oecd.org/daf/corporateaffairs/wp)
• Carroll, G. R. (1985). Concentration and specialization: Dynamics of niche width in populations of organizations. American journal of sociology, 90(6), 1262-1283.
• Carpenter, W. (2018). The World’s Biggest State-Owned Oil Companies. https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/121715/worlds-biggest-state-owned-oil-companies.asp
• Carroll, G. R. (1984). Organizational Ecology, Annual Review of Sociology, 10, 719
• Cendrowski, S. (2014). China's Global 500 companies are bigger than ever—and mostly state-owned. (http://fortune.com/2015/07/22/china-global-500-government-owned/)
• Chandler, A. D. (1977). The visible hand: The managerial revolution in American business. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England.
• Erdil, O., Kalkan, A., & Alparslan, A. M. (2011). Örgütsel ekoloji kuramından stratejik yönetim anlayışına. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 12(1), 17-31.
• Furukawa, M., Hirobayashi, S., & Misawa, T. (2014). A study on the" flexibility" of information systems (part 3): MIS flexibility planning scheme for IT/Business strategy alignment. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(6), 88.
• Habermas, J. (2005). Kamusallığın Yapısal Dönüşümü, (Çev: T. Bora ve M. Sancar), İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Hannan, M. T., & Carroll, G. R. (1992). Dynamics of organizational populations: Density, legitimation, and competition. Oxford University Press.
• Hannan, M. T., & Carroll, G. R. (1995). An introduction to organizational ecology. Organizations in industry: Strategy, structure and selection, 17-31.
• Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1977). The population ecology of organizations. American journal of sociology, 82(5), 929-964.
• Hannan, M. T., Freeman, J. (1984). Structural Inertia and Organizational Change, American Sociological Review, 49, 149-164
• Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1993). Organizational ecology. Harvard University Press.
• Heerwagen, J., Kelly, K., & Kampschroer, K. (2010). The changing nature of organizations, work, and workplace. Whole Building Design Guide,< www. wbdg. org/design/chngorgwork. php.
• Hjalager, A. M. (2000). Organisational ecology in the Danish restaurant sector. Tourism Management, 21(3), 271-280.
• IFC. (2018). State-Owned Enterprises. (https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/ifc+cg/topics/state-owned+enterprises).
• Jorfi, S., Nor, K. M., Najjar, L., & Jorfi, H. (2011). The impact of IT flexibility on strategic alignment (with focus on export). International Journal of Business and Management, 6(8), 264.
• Kenton, W. (2019). State-Owned Enterprise. (https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/soe.asp)
• Keyman, E. Fuat (2000), “Globalleşme söylemleri ve kimlik talepleri: ‘Türban sorununu’ anlamak”, E. Fuat Keyman ve A. Y. Sarıbay (der.), Global yerel eksende Türkiye, İstanbul: Alfa Yayınevi, 17-38.
• Kongar, Emre (2005).Küresel terör ve Türkiye, İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
• Koçel, T. (2005). İşletme Yöneticiliği, 10. Bs., İstanbul: Arıkan.
• Leblebici, D. N. (2004). Örgüt-çevre ilişkisinde yeni perspektif arayışı: Dinamik örgütsel çevre ve örgütsel doku. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 285-307.
• Li, J. J., Poppo, L., & Zhou, K. Z. (2008). Do managerial ties in China always produce value? Competition, uncertainty, and domestic vs. foreign firms. Strategic Management Journal, 29(4), 383-400.
• Liang, H., Ren, B., & Sun, S. L. (2015). An anatomy of state control in the globalization of state-owned enterprises. Journal of International Business Studies, 46(2), 223-240.
• Loree, D. (2008). Density-dependent strategic action: Outcomes of structural market commitment in the global integrated circuit industry. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 25(1-2), 23-57.
• Lucey, T. (2004). Management information systems. Cengage Learning EMEA.
• McKelvey, B., & Aldrich, H. (1983). Populations, natural selection, and applied organizational science. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28(1), 101-128.
• Michael, S. C., & Kim, S. M. (2005). The organizational ecology of retailing: a historical perspective. Journal of Retailing, 81(2), 113-123.
• Musacchio, A., & Lazzarini, S. G. (2014, April). State-owned enterprises in Brazil: History and lessons. In Workshop on State-Owned Enterprises in the Development Process. Paris: OECD, April (Vol. 4).
• Özdemir, G. (2008). Belediye İktisadi Teşebbüslerinin Özelleştirilmesi. Sayıştay Dergisi, 71, 41-74.
• Pfeffer, J. (1997). New directions for organization theory: Problems and prospects. Oxford University Press on Demand.
• Pham, A. (2014). State-owned Enterprises & Competitive Neutrality Principle in Vietnam. In Economic Competition Regime: Raising Issues and Lessons from Germany, 97-114.
• Reydon, T. A., & Scholz, M. (2009). Why organizational ecology is not a Darwinian research program. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 39(3), 408-439.
• Rizal, O., & Suhadak, M. M. K. (2017). Analysis of the influence of external and internal environmental factors on business performance: A study on micro small and medium enterprises (msmes) of food and beverage. RJOAS, 6(66), 47-56.
• Rosen, Robert H. (1996), Leading People: Transforming Business from the Inside Out, Viking, New York.
• Sappington, D. E., & Sidak, J. G. (2003). Competition law for state-owned enterprises. Antitrust LJ, 71, 479.
• Sargut, S., & Özen, Ş. (2010). Örgüt Kuramları (Ankara: İmge Kitabevi).
• Singh, J. V., & Lumsden, C. J. (1990). Theory and research in organizational ecology. Annual review of sociology, 16(1), 161-195.
• Stachova, K., & Stacho, Z. (2017). Level of focus of organizations operating in Slovakia on flexible organizational structure. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7(1).
• Suarez, F. F., & Oliva, R. (2005). Environmental change and organizational transformation. Industrial and Corporate Change, 14(6), 1017-1041.Sun, Q., & Tong, W. H. (2003). China share issue privatization: the extent of its success. Journal of financial economics, 70(2), 183-222.
• Tian, L., & Estrin, S. (2008). Retained state shareholding in Chinese PLCs: does government ownership always reduce corporate value?. Journal of Comparative Economics, 36(1), 74-89.
• Usher, J. M. (1999). Specialists, generalists, and polymorphs: spatial advantages of multiunit organization in a single industry. Academy of Management Review, 24(1), 143-150.
• Van der Weerdt, N. N. (2009). Organizational flexibility for hypercompetitive markets (No. EPS-2009-173-STR).
• Wang, X., Xu, L. C., & Zhu, T. (2004). State‐owned enterprises going public The case of China. Economics of transition, 12(3), 467-487.
• Wholey, D. R., Christianson, J. B., & Sanchez, S. M. (1992). Organization size and failure among health maintenance organizations. American Sociological Review, 829-842.
• Yeh-Yun Lin, C., & Yi-Ching Chen, M. (2007). Does innovation lead to performance? An empirical study of SMEs in Taiwan. Management Research News, 30(2), 115-132.
• Young, R. C. (1988). Is population ecology a useful paradigm for the study of organizations?. American Journal of Sociology, 94(1), 1-24.
• https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/finance-and-investment/state-owned-enterprises-as-global-competitors_9789264262096-en Erişim Tarihi: 23.05.2019
• https://resourcegovernance.org/resource-governance-index/report/state-owned-companies Erişim Tarihi: 15.05.2019
• http://www.tkib.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/T%C3%9CRK%C4%B0YE-VE-D%C3%9CNYADA-KAMU-%C4%B0%C5%9ELETMELER%C4%B0.compressed.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 23.05.2019