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A Descriptive Review on Ecological Economics and an Introduction of Ecological Circular Flow Model

Year 2020, Issue: 55, 21 - 34, 27.04.2020

Sevginaz Işık

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.561711

Abstract

Perhaps the only assumption that all economists have accepted is that human needs are endless but natural resources are scarce. Mainstream economics assumes that this problem can be solved by price mechanisms without considering the ecological effects. Therefore, they continue to promote economic growth. On the contrary, ecological economics oppose the promotion of economic growth because it has ecological effects such as pollution, ecological degradation, climate change, global warming, etc. So, they call attention to economic degrowth.

In this paper, the aim is to briefly present the focus of ecological economics, to set forth the similarities and differences between ecological and environmental economics, to put forward economic degrowth discussions and to fill a certain gap in the literature. Circular flow model which is one of the main pillars of economics is illustrated with a more realistic consideration and a broader view and named as “Ecological Circular Flow”. This broader version, inspired by relevant primary studies, is essentially a simple ecological version of the mainstream’s circular flow model and has a crucial role to reconsider today’s economic activities and their consequences.

Keywords

Ecological Economics Economic Degrowth Sustainable Economy Ecological Circular Flow

References

  • Barnett, H. J., & Morse, C. (1963). Scarcity and Growth: The Economics of Natural Resource Availability. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
  • Costanza, R. (1989). "What is Ecological Economics?", Ecological Economics, 1(1), 1–7.
  • Costanza, R., Alperovitz, G., Daly, H. E., Farley, J., Franco, C., Jackson, T., … Victor, P. (2012). Building a Sustainable and Desirable Economy-in-Society-in-Nature. New York: United Nations Division for Sustainable Development.
  • Costanza, R., & Daly, H. E. (1992). "Natural Capital and Sustainable Development", Conservation Biology, 6(1), 37–46.
  • Gibson-Graham, J. K., & Miller, E. (2015). "Economy as Ecological Livelihood". In K. Gibson, D. B. Rose, & R. Fincher (Eds.), Manifesto for Living in the Anthropocene (pp. 7–16). Brooklyn: NewYork: Puncum Books.
  • Harris, J. M. (2008). "Ecological Macroeconomics: Consumption, Investment and Climate Change", Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University. Working Paper No: 08–02.
  • Harris, J. M., & Codur, A. (2004). "Macroeconomics and the Environment", Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University.
  • Harte, M. J. (1995). "Ecology, Sustainability, and Environment as Capital", Ecological Economics, 15(2), 157–164.
  • Hutchinson, F., Mellor, M., & Olsen, W. (2002). The Politics of Money: Towards Sustainability and Economic Democracy. London and Sterling, Virginia: Pluto Press.
  • IPCC. (2007). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Klitgaard, K. A., & Krall, L. (2012). "Ecological Economics, Degrowth, and Institutional Change", Ecological Economics, 84(2012), 247–253.
  • Krishnan, R., Harris, J. M., & Goodwin, N. R. (1995). A Survey of Ecological Economics. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Framework for Assessment. Washington D.C.: Island Press.
  • Latouche, S. (2004). "Why Less should be so Much More: Degrowth Economics", Le Monde Diplomatique.
  • Latouche, S. (2009). Farewell to Growth. (Translated by David Macey, Ed.) (First Edit). Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Liodakis, G. (2017). "Capital, Economic Growth, and Socio-Ecological Crisis: A Critique of De-Growth", International Critical Thought, 8(1), 46–65.
  • Matthews, H. D., & Caldeira, K. (2008). "Stabilizing Climate Requires Near-Zero Emissions", Geophysical Research Letters, 35(4), L04705.
  • Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., Randers, J., & Behrens, W. W. (1972). The Limits to Growth: A Report for The Club of Rome’s Project on the Predicament of Mankind. New York: Universe Books.
  • Nordhaus, W. D., & Boyer, J. (2000). Warming the World - Economic Models of Global Warming. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press.
  • Paavola, J., & Fraser, E. D. G. (2011). "Ecological Economics and Environmental History", Ecological Economics, 70(7), 1266–1268.
  • Research and Degrowth. (2010). "Degrowth Declaration of the Paris 2008 Conference". Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(6), 523–524.
  • Schneider, F., Kallis, G., & Martinez-Alier, J. (2010). "Crisis or Opportunity? Economic Degrowth for Social Equity and Ecological Sustainability. Introduction to this Special Issue", Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(6), 511–518.
  • Siebert, H. (1982). "Nature as a Life Support System. Renewable Resources and Environmental Disruption", Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie, 42(2), 133-142.
  • Stern, D. I. (2012). "Ecological Economics", Crawford School Research Paper, No: 17.
  • Stuart, D., Gunderson, R., & Petersen, B. (2017). "Climate Change and the Polanyian Counter-movement: Carbon Markets or Degrowth?", New Political Economy, 3467, 1–14.
  • Ulucak, R., Yücel, A. G., & Koçak, E. (2019). The process of sustainability. Içinde B. Özcan & İ. Öztürk (Eds.), Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) (ss. 37–53). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816797-7.00005-9

Ekolojik İktisat Üzerine Betimsel Bir Değerlendirme ve Ekolojik Devri Akımlar Modelinin Takdimi

Year 2020, Issue: 55, 21 - 34, 27.04.2020

Sevginaz Işık

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.561711

Abstract

Belki de bütün iktisatçıların kabul ettiği tek varsayım, insan ihtiyaçlarının sınırsız olup doğal kaynakların kıt olmasıdır. Anaakım iktisat ekolojik etkileri göz önünde bulundurmadan bu sorunun fiyat mekanizmalarıyla çözülebileceğini varsayar. Bu nedenle, ekonomik büyümeyi teşvik etmeye devam etmektedirler. Bunun aksine, ekolojik iktisat ise, kirlenme, ekolojik tahribat, iklim değişikliği, küresel ısınma vb. ekolojik etkilere sebep olduğu için ekonomik büyümenin teşvik edilmesine karşı çıkmaktadırlar. Dolayısıyla, ekolojik sorunlara önem veren ekolojik iktisatçılar, bu sorunlara bir çözüm olarak ekonomik küçülmeyi savunmaktadırlar.
Bu çalışmadaki amaç, ekolojik iktisadın odağını kısaca sunmak, ekolojik iktisat ile çevre ekonomisi arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları ortaya koymak, ekonomik küçülme tartışmalarını iletmek ve literatürdeki belli bir boşluğu doldurmaktır: Ekonominin ana sütunlarından biri olan devri akım modeli, daha gerçekçi ve daha geniş bir bakış açısıyla ele alınarak “Ekolojik Devri Akım” olarak adlandırılmıştır. İlgili öncü çalışmalardan esinlenen bu daha geniş versiyon, temel olarak, ana akım iktisadın devri akım modelinin basit bir ekolojik versiyonu olup günümüzdeki ekonomik faaliyet ve sonuçlarını tekrardan değerlendirmek için çok önemli bir role sahiptir.

Keywords

Ekolojik İktisat Ekonomik Küçülme Sürdürülebilir Ekonomi Ekolojik Devri Akım

References

  • Barnett, H. J., & Morse, C. (1963). Scarcity and Growth: The Economics of Natural Resource Availability. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
  • Costanza, R. (1989). "What is Ecological Economics?", Ecological Economics, 1(1), 1–7.
  • Costanza, R., Alperovitz, G., Daly, H. E., Farley, J., Franco, C., Jackson, T., … Victor, P. (2012). Building a Sustainable and Desirable Economy-in-Society-in-Nature. New York: United Nations Division for Sustainable Development.
  • Costanza, R., & Daly, H. E. (1992). "Natural Capital and Sustainable Development", Conservation Biology, 6(1), 37–46.
  • Gibson-Graham, J. K., & Miller, E. (2015). "Economy as Ecological Livelihood". In K. Gibson, D. B. Rose, & R. Fincher (Eds.), Manifesto for Living in the Anthropocene (pp. 7–16). Brooklyn: NewYork: Puncum Books.
  • Harris, J. M. (2008). "Ecological Macroeconomics: Consumption, Investment and Climate Change", Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University. Working Paper No: 08–02.
  • Harris, J. M., & Codur, A. (2004). "Macroeconomics and the Environment", Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University.
  • Harte, M. J. (1995). "Ecology, Sustainability, and Environment as Capital", Ecological Economics, 15(2), 157–164.
  • Hutchinson, F., Mellor, M., & Olsen, W. (2002). The Politics of Money: Towards Sustainability and Economic Democracy. London and Sterling, Virginia: Pluto Press.
  • IPCC. (2007). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Klitgaard, K. A., & Krall, L. (2012). "Ecological Economics, Degrowth, and Institutional Change", Ecological Economics, 84(2012), 247–253.
  • Krishnan, R., Harris, J. M., & Goodwin, N. R. (1995). A Survey of Ecological Economics. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Framework for Assessment. Washington D.C.: Island Press.
  • Latouche, S. (2004). "Why Less should be so Much More: Degrowth Economics", Le Monde Diplomatique.
  • Latouche, S. (2009). Farewell to Growth. (Translated by David Macey, Ed.) (First Edit). Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Liodakis, G. (2017). "Capital, Economic Growth, and Socio-Ecological Crisis: A Critique of De-Growth", International Critical Thought, 8(1), 46–65.
  • Matthews, H. D., & Caldeira, K. (2008). "Stabilizing Climate Requires Near-Zero Emissions", Geophysical Research Letters, 35(4), L04705.
  • Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., Randers, J., & Behrens, W. W. (1972). The Limits to Growth: A Report for The Club of Rome’s Project on the Predicament of Mankind. New York: Universe Books.
  • Nordhaus, W. D., & Boyer, J. (2000). Warming the World - Economic Models of Global Warming. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press.
  • Paavola, J., & Fraser, E. D. G. (2011). "Ecological Economics and Environmental History", Ecological Economics, 70(7), 1266–1268.
  • Research and Degrowth. (2010). "Degrowth Declaration of the Paris 2008 Conference". Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(6), 523–524.
  • Schneider, F., Kallis, G., & Martinez-Alier, J. (2010). "Crisis or Opportunity? Economic Degrowth for Social Equity and Ecological Sustainability. Introduction to this Special Issue", Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(6), 511–518.
  • Siebert, H. (1982). "Nature as a Life Support System. Renewable Resources and Environmental Disruption", Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie, 42(2), 133-142.
  • Stern, D. I. (2012). "Ecological Economics", Crawford School Research Paper, No: 17.
  • Stuart, D., Gunderson, R., & Petersen, B. (2017). "Climate Change and the Polanyian Counter-movement: Carbon Markets or Degrowth?", New Political Economy, 3467, 1–14.
  • Ulucak, R., Yücel, A. G., & Koçak, E. (2019). The process of sustainability. Içinde B. Özcan & İ. Öztürk (Eds.), Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) (ss. 37–53). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816797-7.00005-9
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Sevginaz Işık 0000-0002-4123-0860

Publication Date April 27, 2020
Acceptance Date December 13, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 55

Cite

APA Işık, S. (2020). A Descriptive Review on Ecological Economics and an Introduction of Ecological Circular Flow Model. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(55), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.561711
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