Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Democracy and Economic Growth Nexus: A Comparative Analysis For Turkey

Year 2020, Issue: 56, 161 - 178, 30.08.2020

Sinan Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.696287

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to examine the democracy-economic growth nexus in Turkey for the period of 1985-2017 by using time series methods. The empirical findings are as follows: (a) the regressors have mixed stationarity levels such as I(1) and I(0), (b) according to the bound test results, per capita investments have a positive effect on economic growth, (c) democracy has a negative effect on economic growth in both model, constructed by using two different democracy measures, (d) the findings for per capita household consumption and per capita government final consumption expenditures vary according to the model. In this context, empirical findings refer to the validity of the “Conflict Approach” proposed by Huntington.

Keywords

Democracy Economic Growth Turkey ARDL

References

  • Acaravcı, A., & Erdoğan, S. (2015). Türkiye’de Demokrasi, Reel Gelir ve Dışa Açıklık Arasındaki Uzun Dönemli ve Nedensel İlişkiler. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(31), 358-370.
  • Acaravcı, A., Bozkurt, C., & Erdoğan, S. (2015). MENA Ülkelerinde Demokrasi-Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi. İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(4), 119-129.
  • Acaravci, A., & Erdogan, S. (2017). The Relationship between institutional structure and economic growth: A comparative analysis for selected countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(6), 141-146.
  • Acaravcı, A., Akalin, G., & Erdoğan, S. (2019). Araştırma-Geliştirme Harcamalarının Türkiye İhracatına Etkileri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(1), 1-16.
  • Arslan, Ü., & Doğan, C. (2004). Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(1).
  • Artan, S., & Hayaloğlu, P. (2014). Kurumsal Yapı ve İktisadi Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Sosyoekonomi, 22(2).
  • Barro, R. J. (1996). Democracy and growth. Journal of economic growth, 1(1), 1-27.
  • Barış, S., & Erdoğmuş, M. (2018). 21. Yüzyılda Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Bir Literatür İncelemesi. Visionary E-Journal/Vizyoner Dergisi, 9(20): 83-102
  • Beşkaya, A., & Manan, Ö. (2012). Ekonomik özgürlükler ve demokrasi ile ekonomik performans arasındaki ilişkinin zaman serileri ile analizi: Türkiye örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 5(10), 47-76.
  • Caporaso, J., A., & Levine, D. P. (2005). Theories of Political Economy. New York: Cambridge University Press. Çınar, M., & Öz, R. Türkiye’de Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ramazan_Oez/publication/333433822_Turkiye%27de_Demokrasi_ve_Ekonomik_Buyume_Iliskisi/links/5cedab2ca6fdcc18c8e96a4b/Tuerkiyede-Demokrasi-ve-Ekonomik-Bueyueme-Iliskisi.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.11.2019).
  • De Haan, J., & Siermann, C. L. (1996). New evidence on the relationship between democracy and economic growth. Public Choice, 86(1-2), 175-198.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica: journal of the Econometric Society, 1057-1072.
  • Enders, W. (2014), Applied Econometric Time Series, 4. Baskı, USA: John Wiley&Sons, Inc.
  • Erkus, Sefa & Karamelikli, Hüseyin. (2016). Türkiye'de Demokrasi ve İktisadi Büyüme Arasındaki Uzun Dönemli İlişki. Freedom House (2019). Freedom in the World. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2018 (Erişim Tarihi: 07.11.2019).
  • Gupta, D. K., Madhavan, M. C., & Blee, A. (1998). Democracy, economic growth and political instability: an integrated perspective. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 27(5), 587-589.
  • Gündüz, Ç., & Duyar, M. (2018). Küçülten Demokrasi: Sahraaltı Afrika Ülkeleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (31), 213-233.
  • Hayaloğlu, P. (2015). MINT ülkelerinde demokrasi ekonomik büyümeyi nasıl etkilemektedir. Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi, 1(1), 17-29.
  • Huntington, S. P. (2007). Üçüncü Dalga 20. Yüzyıl Sonlarında Demokratlaşma, E. Özbudun (Çev.). Ankara: Kıta Yayınları.
  • International Country Risk Guide (2019). Political Risk Service. https://www.prsgroup.com/explore-our-products/political-risk-services/ (Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2019).
  • Kazgan, G. (2012). İktisadi Düşünce veya Politik İktisadın Evrimi. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi
  • Koçak, E., & Uzay, N. (2017). Türkiye'de Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Ampirik Bir Araştırma. Yonetim ve Ekonomi, 24(3), 705-723.
  • Koçak, E., & Nisfet, U. Z. A. Y. (2018). Demokrasi, Ekonomik Özgürlükler ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Kurumların Rolü Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Sosyoekonomi, 26(36), 81-102.
  • Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P. C., Schmidt, P., & Shin, Y. (1992). Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root. Journal of econometrics, 54(1-3), 159-178.
  • Lipset, S. M. (1959). Some social requsities of democracy: Economic development and political development. American Political Science Review. 53: 69-105.
  • Narayan, P.K. (2005), The Saving and Investment Nexus for China: Evidence from Cointegration Tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979-1990.
  • Ozturk, I., & Acaravci, A. (2013). The long-run and causal analysis of energy, growth, openness and financial development on carbon emissions in Turkey. Energy Economics, 36, 262-267.
  • Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (1998). An autoregressive distributed-lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis. Econometric Society Monographs, 31, 371-413.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of applied econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
  • Przeworski, A., & Limongi, F. (1993). Political regimes and economic growth. Journal of economic perspectives, 7(3), 51-69.
  • Robbins L. (1935). An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science. London: MacMillan and Co
  • Rodrik, D. (2000). Institutions for high-quality growth: what they are and how to acquire them. Studies in comparative international development, 35(3), 3-31.
  • Sirowy, L., & Inkeles, A. (1990). The effects of democracy on economic growth and inequality: A review. Studies in Comparative International Development, 25(1), 126-157.
  • Şahin, D. (2013). Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Veri Analizi. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 45-57.
  • Tavares, J., & Wacziarg, R. (2001). How democracy affects growth. European economic review, 45(8), 1341-1378.
  • Telatar, F. (2004). Politik İktisat Politikası. Ankara: İmaj Yayınevi
  • World Bank (2019). World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (Erişim Tarihi: 26.09.2019)

Demokrasi ve İktisadi Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye İçin Bir Analiz

Year 2020, Issue: 56, 161 - 178, 30.08.2020

Sinan Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.696287

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Türkiye’de demokrasi ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisini 1985-2017 dönemi için zaman serisi yöntemleriyle araştırmaktır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular şöyle sıralanabilir; (a) açıklayıcı değişkenlerin durağanlık özellikleri I(1) ve I(0) olmak üzere karışıktır, (b) sınır testi sonuçlarına göre iki modelde de kişi başı yatırımlar, ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif etkilemektedir, (c) farklı demokrasi göstergeleri oluşturularak kurulan iki modelde de demokrasi, ekonomik büyümeyi negatif etkilemektedir, (d) kişi başı hane halkı tüketim ve kamu harcamalarının etkisi ise modele göre değişmektedir. Bu bağlamda elde edilen ampirik bulgular ilgili dönemde Huntington tarafından önerilen “Çatışma Yaklaşımı”’nın geçerli olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

Keywords

Demokrasi Ekonomik Büyüme Türkiye ARDL

References

  • Acaravcı, A., & Erdoğan, S. (2015). Türkiye’de Demokrasi, Reel Gelir ve Dışa Açıklık Arasındaki Uzun Dönemli ve Nedensel İlişkiler. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(31), 358-370.
  • Acaravcı, A., Bozkurt, C., & Erdoğan, S. (2015). MENA Ülkelerinde Demokrasi-Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi. İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3(4), 119-129.
  • Acaravci, A., & Erdogan, S. (2017). The Relationship between institutional structure and economic growth: A comparative analysis for selected countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(6), 141-146.
  • Acaravcı, A., Akalin, G., & Erdoğan, S. (2019). Araştırma-Geliştirme Harcamalarının Türkiye İhracatına Etkileri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(1), 1-16.
  • Arslan, Ü., & Doğan, C. (2004). Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(1).
  • Artan, S., & Hayaloğlu, P. (2014). Kurumsal Yapı ve İktisadi Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Sosyoekonomi, 22(2).
  • Barro, R. J. (1996). Democracy and growth. Journal of economic growth, 1(1), 1-27.
  • Barış, S., & Erdoğmuş, M. (2018). 21. Yüzyılda Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Bir Literatür İncelemesi. Visionary E-Journal/Vizyoner Dergisi, 9(20): 83-102
  • Beşkaya, A., & Manan, Ö. (2012). Ekonomik özgürlükler ve demokrasi ile ekonomik performans arasındaki ilişkinin zaman serileri ile analizi: Türkiye örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 5(10), 47-76.
  • Caporaso, J., A., & Levine, D. P. (2005). Theories of Political Economy. New York: Cambridge University Press. Çınar, M., & Öz, R. Türkiye’de Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ramazan_Oez/publication/333433822_Turkiye%27de_Demokrasi_ve_Ekonomik_Buyume_Iliskisi/links/5cedab2ca6fdcc18c8e96a4b/Tuerkiyede-Demokrasi-ve-Ekonomik-Bueyueme-Iliskisi.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.11.2019).
  • De Haan, J., & Siermann, C. L. (1996). New evidence on the relationship between democracy and economic growth. Public Choice, 86(1-2), 175-198.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica: journal of the Econometric Society, 1057-1072.
  • Enders, W. (2014), Applied Econometric Time Series, 4. Baskı, USA: John Wiley&Sons, Inc.
  • Erkus, Sefa & Karamelikli, Hüseyin. (2016). Türkiye'de Demokrasi ve İktisadi Büyüme Arasındaki Uzun Dönemli İlişki. Freedom House (2019). Freedom in the World. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2018 (Erişim Tarihi: 07.11.2019).
  • Gupta, D. K., Madhavan, M. C., & Blee, A. (1998). Democracy, economic growth and political instability: an integrated perspective. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 27(5), 587-589.
  • Gündüz, Ç., & Duyar, M. (2018). Küçülten Demokrasi: Sahraaltı Afrika Ülkeleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (31), 213-233.
  • Hayaloğlu, P. (2015). MINT ülkelerinde demokrasi ekonomik büyümeyi nasıl etkilemektedir. Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi, 1(1), 17-29.
  • Huntington, S. P. (2007). Üçüncü Dalga 20. Yüzyıl Sonlarında Demokratlaşma, E. Özbudun (Çev.). Ankara: Kıta Yayınları.
  • International Country Risk Guide (2019). Political Risk Service. https://www.prsgroup.com/explore-our-products/political-risk-services/ (Erişim Tarihi: 06.11.2019).
  • Kazgan, G. (2012). İktisadi Düşünce veya Politik İktisadın Evrimi. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi
  • Koçak, E., & Uzay, N. (2017). Türkiye'de Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Ampirik Bir Araştırma. Yonetim ve Ekonomi, 24(3), 705-723.
  • Koçak, E., & Nisfet, U. Z. A. Y. (2018). Demokrasi, Ekonomik Özgürlükler ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Kurumların Rolü Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Sosyoekonomi, 26(36), 81-102.
  • Kwiatkowski, D., Phillips, P. C., Schmidt, P., & Shin, Y. (1992). Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root. Journal of econometrics, 54(1-3), 159-178.
  • Lipset, S. M. (1959). Some social requsities of democracy: Economic development and political development. American Political Science Review. 53: 69-105.
  • Narayan, P.K. (2005), The Saving and Investment Nexus for China: Evidence from Cointegration Tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979-1990.
  • Ozturk, I., & Acaravci, A. (2013). The long-run and causal analysis of energy, growth, openness and financial development on carbon emissions in Turkey. Energy Economics, 36, 262-267.
  • Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (1998). An autoregressive distributed-lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis. Econometric Society Monographs, 31, 371-413.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of applied econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
  • Przeworski, A., & Limongi, F. (1993). Political regimes and economic growth. Journal of economic perspectives, 7(3), 51-69.
  • Robbins L. (1935). An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science. London: MacMillan and Co
  • Rodrik, D. (2000). Institutions for high-quality growth: what they are and how to acquire them. Studies in comparative international development, 35(3), 3-31.
  • Sirowy, L., & Inkeles, A. (1990). The effects of democracy on economic growth and inequality: A review. Studies in Comparative International Development, 25(1), 126-157.
  • Şahin, D. (2013). Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Demokrasi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Veri Analizi. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 45-57.
  • Tavares, J., & Wacziarg, R. (2001). How democracy affects growth. European economic review, 45(8), 1341-1378.
  • Telatar, F. (2004). Politik İktisat Politikası. Ankara: İmaj Yayınevi
  • World Bank (2019). World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (Erişim Tarihi: 26.09.2019)
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Sinan Erdoğan 0000-0003-3491-8234

Publication Date August 30, 2020
Acceptance Date June 18, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 56

Cite

APA Erdoğan, S. (2020). Demokrasi ve İktisadi Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye İçin Bir Analiz. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(56), 161-178. https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.696287

Ethical Principles and Ethical Guidelines

The Journal of Erciyes University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences places great emphasis on publication ethics, which serve as a foundation for the impartial and reputable advancement of scientific knowledge. In this context, the journal adopts a publishing approach aligned with the ethical standards set by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and is committed to preventing potential malpractice. The following ethical responsibilities, established based on COPE’s principles, are expected to be upheld by all stakeholders involved in the publication process (authors, readers and researchers, publishers, reviewers, and editors).

Ethical Responsibilities of Editors
Make decisions on submissions based on the quality and originality of the work, its alignment with the journal's aims and scope, and the reviewers’ evaluations, regardless of the authors' religion, language, race, ethnicity, political views, or gender.
Respond to information requests from readers, authors, and reviewers regarding the publication and evaluation processes.
Conduct all processes without compromising ethical standards and intellectual property rights.
Support freedom of thought and protect human and animal rights.
Ensure the peer review process adheres to the principle of double-blind peer review.
Take full responsibility for accepting, rejecting, or requesting changes to a manuscript and ensure that conflicts of interest among stakeholders do not influence these decisions.
Ethical Responsibilities of Authors
Submitted works must be original. When utilizing other works, proper and complete citations and/or references must be provided.
A manuscript must not be under review by another journal simultaneously.
Individuals who have not contributed to the experimental design, implementation, data analysis, or interpretation should not be listed as authors.
If requested during the review process, datasets used in the manuscript must be provided to the editorial board.
If a significant error or mistake is discovered in the manuscript, the journal’s editorial office must be notified.
For studies requiring ethical committee approval, the relevant document must be submitted to the journal. Details regarding the ethical approval (name of the ethics committee, approval document number, and date) must be included in the manuscript.
Changes to authorship (e.g., adding or removing authors, altering the order of authors) cannot be proposed after the review process has commenced.
Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers
Accept review assignments only in areas where they have sufficient expertise.
Agree to review manuscripts in a timely and unbiased manner.
Ensure confidentiality of the reviewed manuscript and not disclose any information about it, during or after the review process, beyond what is already published.
Refrain from using information obtained during the review process for personal or third-party benefit.
Notify the journal editor if plagiarism or other ethical violations are suspected in the manuscript.
Conduct reviews objectively and avoid conflicts of interest. If a conflict exists, the reviewer should decline the review.
Use polite and constructive language during the review process and avoid personal comments.
Publication Policy
The Journal of Erciyes University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences is a free, open-access, peer-reviewed academic journal that has been in publication since 1981. The journal welcomes submissions in Turkish and English within the fields of economics, business administration, public finance, political science, public administration, and international relations.

No submission or publication fees are charged by the journal.
Every submitted manuscript undergoes a double-blind peer review process and similarity/plagiarism checks via iThenticate.
Submissions must be original and not previously published, accepted for publication, or under review elsewhere.
Articles published in the journal can be cited under the Open Access Policy and Creative Commons license, provided proper attribution is given.
The journal is published three times a year, in April, August, and December. It includes original, high-quality, and scientifically supported research articles and reviews in its listed fields. Academic studies unrelated to these disciplines or their theoretical and empirical foundations are not accepted. The journal's languages are Turkish and English.

Submissions are first subject to a preliminary review for format and content. Manuscripts not meeting the journal's standards are rejected by the editorial board. Manuscripts deemed suitable proceed to the peer review stage.

Each submission is sent to at least two expert reviewers. If both reviews are favorable, the article is approved for publication. In cases where one review is positive and the other negative, the editorial board decides based on the reviews or may send the manuscript to a third reviewer.

Articles published in the journal are open access and can be cited under the Creative Commons license, provided proper attribution is made.