Abstract
Ermeni politika ağı çok iyi örgütlenerek yerinde lobicilik stratejileri seçmiştir. 2007’de Ermeni lobisi ve politika ağı, Ermeni soykırımı tasarısının Temsilciler Meclisi’nin Dışişleri Komitesi’ne getirilmesinde etkin çalıştı. Ermeni lobisi ve politika ağı, tasarıyı yasama süreçlerinin üst aşmalarına taşıma gibi daha üstün başarılar elde etmeye odaklanmıştır. Buna rağmen bu hedefinde 2007’de başarısız olurken 2010’da kısmen başarılı olmuş ve 2019’da ise üstün başarı elde etmiştir. Sonuçta Ermeni politika ağının lobicilik stratejileri, Ermeni soykırımı tasarısını Kongre’nin hem Temsilciler Meclisi’nden hem de Senato’dan geçirebilme hedefine ulaşmıştır.
Bu çalışma, Ermeni politika ağının doğru lobicilik stratejileri seçtiğini savunmaktadır. 2007’deki sınırlı başarı, 2010’daki göreceli başarısı ve 2019’daki üstün başarısı, uygun lobicilik stratejilerini uygulamadaki hassasiyetleriyle olduğu kadar Amerikan iç ve dış politikasındaki dinamiklerin sınırlandırmasıyla da açıklanabilir. Bu bağlamda çalışmadaki amaç, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ndeki Ermeni lobisi ve politika ağının Ermeni soykırımı tasarıları bağlamındaki başarılarını veya başarısızlıklarını etkileyen faktörleri açıklamaktır.
References
- Baumgartner, F. R. ve Jones, B. D. (1991). Agenda dynamics and policy subsystems. The Journal of Politics, 53(4), 1044-1074.
- Baumgartner, F. R. ve Leech, B. L. (1998). Basic interests: The importance of groups in politics and in political science. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Cohen, S. (2019, Ekim 31). Democrat says he voted to recognize Armenian genocide because 'Turkey doesn't seem to respect' US. The Hill. Erişim adresi https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefingroom/468405-democrat-says-he-voted-to-recognize-armenian-genocide-because-turkeydoesnt-respect-us.
- Eggen, D. (2010, Mart 4). Armenia-Turkey dispute over genocide label sets off lobbying frenzy. Washington Post. Erişim adresi https://www.washingtonpost.com
- Erhan, Ç. (2019, Kasım 25). Ya birlikte devam edecekler, ya da Türkiye kendi yoluna gidecek…. Takvim Gazetesi. Erişim adresi https://www.takvim.com.tr
- Hojnacki, M. (1997). Interest groups' decisions to join alliances or work alone. American Journal of Political Science, 41(1), 61-87.
- House panel OKs Armenian "Genocide" bill. (2007, 10 Ekim). Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/10/10/world/main3351845.shtml
- Kessler, G. (2007, Ekim 10). White house and Turkey fight bill on Armenia. Washington Post. Erişim adresi https://www.washingtonpost.com
- Ortagus, M. (2019, Aralık 17). Trump administration rejects Senate resolution recognizing Armenian genocide. The Hill. Erişim adresi https://thehill.com/regulation/international/474869-trumpadministration-rejects-senate-resolution-recognizing-armenian.
- Paul, D. M. ve Paul, R. A. (2009). Ethnic lobbies and US foreign policy. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
- Peterson, M. A. (1996). Congress in the 1990s: From Iron Triangles to Policy Networks. James A. Morone ve Gary S. Belkin (Eds.). The Politics of Health Care Reform: Lessons from the Past, Prospects for the Future içinde (s. 103-148). Durham: Duke University Press.
- Smith, T. (2000). Foreign attachments: The power of ethnic groups in the making of American foreign policy. Boston: Harvard University Press.
- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Dışişleri Bakanlığı. (2019, Aralık 12). ABD Senatosu tarafından kabul edilen karar (S. Res. 150) Hk. Erişim adresi http://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_362_-abd-senatosu-tarafindan-kabul-edilenkarar-hk.tr.mfa.
- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Dışişleri Bakanlığı. (2019, Aralık 12). Ülkemize yaptırımlar uygulanmasını öngören yasa tasarısı S.2641in Senato Dış İlişkiler Komitesinde kabulü Hk. Erişim adresi http://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_358_-ulkemize-yaptirim-uygulanmasini-ongoren-tasarihk.tr.mfa.
- United States Senate. (t.y.). Glossary term/Simple Resolution. Erişim adresi https://www.senate.gov/reference/glossary_term/simple_resolution.htm.
- Vorpagel, N. (2008, Mart). Recognizing the Armenian genocide: The Congressional Foreign Affairs dilemma. Cornell College. Erişim adresi http://www.cornellcollege.edu/politics/courses/allin/364/03R-Nick%20Vorpagel.20083.pdf
- Zarifian, J. (2014). The Armenian-American lobby and its impact on U.S. foreign policy. Society, 51(5), 503-512.
Abstract
The Armenian policy network was organized very well and chose lobbying strategies in place. In 2007, the Armenian lobby and policy network worked effectively in bringing the Armenian genocide bill to the Foreign Affairs Committee of the House of Representatives. The Armenian lobby and its political network are focused on achieving outstanding success, such as moving the bill to the upper stages of the legislative processes. Despite this, while failing this goal in 2007, it partially succeeded in 2010 and achieved outstanding success in 2019. As a result, the lobbying strategies of the Armenian policy network have reached the goal of passing the Armenian genocide bill through both the House of Representatives and the Senate.
This study argues that the Armenian policy network chooses the right lobbying strategies. The limited success in 2007, the relative success in 2010 and the outstanding success in 2019 can be explained by the dynamics of American domestic and foreign policy, as well as the sensitivity of implementing appropriate lobbying strategies. In this context, the aim of the study is to explain the factors that affect the success or failures of the Armenian lobby and policy network in the United States in the context of the Armenian genocide proposals.
References
- Baumgartner, F. R. ve Jones, B. D. (1991). Agenda dynamics and policy subsystems. The Journal of Politics, 53(4), 1044-1074.
- Baumgartner, F. R. ve Leech, B. L. (1998). Basic interests: The importance of groups in politics and in political science. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Cohen, S. (2019, Ekim 31). Democrat says he voted to recognize Armenian genocide because 'Turkey doesn't seem to respect' US. The Hill. Erişim adresi https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefingroom/468405-democrat-says-he-voted-to-recognize-armenian-genocide-because-turkeydoesnt-respect-us.
- Eggen, D. (2010, Mart 4). Armenia-Turkey dispute over genocide label sets off lobbying frenzy. Washington Post. Erişim adresi https://www.washingtonpost.com
- Erhan, Ç. (2019, Kasım 25). Ya birlikte devam edecekler, ya da Türkiye kendi yoluna gidecek…. Takvim Gazetesi. Erişim adresi https://www.takvim.com.tr
- Hojnacki, M. (1997). Interest groups' decisions to join alliances or work alone. American Journal of Political Science, 41(1), 61-87.
- House panel OKs Armenian "Genocide" bill. (2007, 10 Ekim). Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/10/10/world/main3351845.shtml
- Kessler, G. (2007, Ekim 10). White house and Turkey fight bill on Armenia. Washington Post. Erişim adresi https://www.washingtonpost.com
- Ortagus, M. (2019, Aralık 17). Trump administration rejects Senate resolution recognizing Armenian genocide. The Hill. Erişim adresi https://thehill.com/regulation/international/474869-trumpadministration-rejects-senate-resolution-recognizing-armenian.
- Paul, D. M. ve Paul, R. A. (2009). Ethnic lobbies and US foreign policy. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
- Peterson, M. A. (1996). Congress in the 1990s: From Iron Triangles to Policy Networks. James A. Morone ve Gary S. Belkin (Eds.). The Politics of Health Care Reform: Lessons from the Past, Prospects for the Future içinde (s. 103-148). Durham: Duke University Press.
- Smith, T. (2000). Foreign attachments: The power of ethnic groups in the making of American foreign policy. Boston: Harvard University Press.
- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Dışişleri Bakanlığı. (2019, Aralık 12). ABD Senatosu tarafından kabul edilen karar (S. Res. 150) Hk. Erişim adresi http://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_362_-abd-senatosu-tarafindan-kabul-edilenkarar-hk.tr.mfa.
- Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Dışişleri Bakanlığı. (2019, Aralık 12). Ülkemize yaptırımlar uygulanmasını öngören yasa tasarısı S.2641in Senato Dış İlişkiler Komitesinde kabulü Hk. Erişim adresi http://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_358_-ulkemize-yaptirim-uygulanmasini-ongoren-tasarihk.tr.mfa.
- United States Senate. (t.y.). Glossary term/Simple Resolution. Erişim adresi https://www.senate.gov/reference/glossary_term/simple_resolution.htm.
- Vorpagel, N. (2008, Mart). Recognizing the Armenian genocide: The Congressional Foreign Affairs dilemma. Cornell College. Erişim adresi http://www.cornellcollege.edu/politics/courses/allin/364/03R-Nick%20Vorpagel.20083.pdf
- Zarifian, J. (2014). The Armenian-American lobby and its impact on U.S. foreign policy. Society, 51(5), 503-512.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 23, 2020 |
| Acceptance Date | September 19, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Issue: 57 |
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