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Parasal Krizlerin Tahmin Edilmesi: Teori ve Uygulama

Yıl 2005, Sayı: 24, 15 - 36, 01.01.2005

Öz

Son yıllarda dünyada yaşanan para krizleri, bu krizlerin nedenlerini açıklamaya çalışan teorilerin oluşturulmasına neden olmuştur. Bu teorik modelleri takiben, krizlerin ortaya çıkmasında ön uyarı yapabilecek göstergelerin neler olduğunu tespit etmeye çalışan bir çok ampirik çalışma yapılmaktadır. Genellikle bütçe açığı, uluslararası rezerv seviyesi, cari işlemler açığı, kamu borcu, ulusal kredilerdeki büyüme, işsizlik ve reel döviz kuru değişkenlerindeki olumsuz gelişmeler, krizin erken uyarı göstergeleri olarak ele alınmaktadır. Ancak hangi değişkenlerin kriz öncesi erken uyarı verdiği konusunda ortak bir görüş yoktur. Bu çalışmada para krizleri ile ilgili teorik görüşlerin yanı sıra ayırma (diskriminant) analizi kullanılarak, kriz yılları ile kriz olmayan yılları birbirinden ayırmaya yarayacak en önemli göstergeler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır

Kaynakça

  • ARIAS, G. (2003), “Currency Crises: What We Know and What We Stil Need to Know”, C.E.F.I. Working Paper, No. 2003/13, İnternet Adresi: http://sceco.univ-aix.fr/cefi/documents%20de%20travail/ 0313 .pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 22.10.2004.
  • BABIC, A. and A. ZIGMAN (October 2001), “Currency Crises: Theoretical and Empirical Overview of the 1990s”, Surveys, Croatian National Bank, İnternet Adresi: http://www.hnb.hr/ publikac/pregledi/s-005.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 26.08.2004.
  • BURNSIDE, C. (2000), “Understanding The Korean And Thai Currency Crises”, Economic Perspectives, 1048115X, 2000 3rd Quarter, Vol. 24, Issue 3.
  • CELASUN, O. (1998), “The 1994 Currency Crisis in Turkey”, Macroeconomics and Growth Group, Development Research Depertment, The World Bank, İnternet Workpapers/WPS1900series/wps1913/wps1913.pdf, 08.10.2004.
  • http://www.worldbank.org/html/dec/Publications/ Erişim Tarihi:
  • CHIODO, A. J. and M. T. OWYANG (2002), “A Case Study of a Currency Crisis: The Russian Default of 1998”, The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
  • CORSETTI, G., P. PESENTI and N. ROUBINI (November 1998), “Fundamental Determinants of the Asian crisis: a preliminary empirical assessment”, İnternet Adresi: http://www.stern.nyu.edu /globalmacro/, Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2004.
  • CORSETTI, G., P. PESENTI and N. ROUBINI (1998), “Paper tigers? A model of
  • the Asian crisis”, İnternet Adresi: http://www.stern.nyu.edu/globalmacro/,
  • Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2004.
  • DIAZ De Tuesta, M., and Marco PACHECO (November 2003), Currency Crisis: An Aplication of the Discriminant Analysis Methodology, Master of Science in Banking and Finance MBF-HEC, University of Lausanne, Switzerlend, master_Thesis/Master_s_Thesis_DiazDeTuest&Pacheco.pdf, Tarihi: 08.10.2004. Adresi:
  • www.hec.unil.ch/mbf/Participants/ Erişim
  • EICHENGREEN, B., A. K. ROSE and C. WYPLOSZ (October 1994), “Speculative Attacks on Pegged Exchange Rates: An Empirical Exploration with Special Reference to The European Monetary System”, NBER http://www.nber.org/papers/w4898.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2004. Paper, No. 4898, İnternet Adresi:
  • EKİNCİ, N. K. and K. A. ERTURK (2004), “Turkish Currency Crisis of 2000-1, University of Utah, Working Paper, No: 2004-1, İnternet Adresi: http://www.econ.utah.edu/activities/papers/2004_01 .pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 22.10.2004. ERTURK, K. (2003), “On the Changing Nature of Currency Crises”, Department Of Economics Working Paper Series, Working Paper No: http://www.econ.utah.edu/activities/papers/2003_02.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 22.10.2004. University of Utah, İnternet Adresi:
  • FLOOD, R. P. and P. M. GARBER (1984), “Collapsing Exchange Rate Regimes: Some Linear Examples”, Journal of International Economics, 17, pp. 1- 13.
  • FLOOD, R. and N. MARION (1998), “Perspectives on The Recent Currency Crisis Literature”, NBER Working Paper, No. 6380, İnternet Adresi: http://papers.nber.org/papers/w6380.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 30.09.2004.
  • FRANKEL, J. A. and A. K. ROSE (1996), “Currency Crashes in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Treatment”, International Finance Report, No. 534.
  • GAO, (United States General Accounting Office) (1996), Mexico’s Financial Crisis: Origins, Awaremess, Assistance, and Initial Efforts to Recover, İntenret Adresi: http://www.gao.gov/archive/ 1996/gg96056.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2004.
  • GLICK, R., R. MORENO and M. SPIEGEL (2001), “Fınancıal Crıses In Emergıng Markets”, FRBSF Economic Letter, 0890927X, 03/23/2001, 2001 (7).
  • HAIR, J. F., R. E. ANDERSON, R. L. TATHAM and W. C. BLACK (1995), Multivariate Data Analiysis With Readings, 4th ed., Prentice Hall.
  • KAMINSKY, G.and C. M. REINHART (June 1999), “The Twin Crises: The Causes Of Banking And Balance-Of-Payments Problems”, American Economic Review, 00028282, 89(3).
  • KAMINSKY, G., S. LIZANDO and C. M. REINHART (1998), “Leading Indicators of Currency Crises”, IMF Staff Papers, Vol.5, No.1, pp. 1-48, İnternet Adresi: http://home.gwu.edu/ %7Egraciela/HOME-PAGE/ RESEARCH-WORK/WORKING-PAPERS/leading-indicators.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 15.11.2004.
  • KAUFMAN, George G. (2000), “Bankıng And Currency Crıses And Systemıc Rısk: Lessons From Recent Events”, Economic Perspectives, 1048115X, 2000 3rd Quarter, 24 (3).
  • KİBRİTÇİOĞLU, Aykut “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Krizler ve Hükümetler, 1969- 2001”, Yeni Türkiye Dergisi, Ekonomik Kriz Özel Sayısı, Cilt 1, Yıl 7, Sayı http://dialup.ankara.edu.tr/~kibritci/publications.html, 14.09.2004. 2001, ss. 174-182, İnternet Erişim Tarihi:
  • KRUGMAN, P. (August 1979), “A Model of Balance-of-Payment Crisis”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 11 (3), pp. 311-325. KRUGMAN, P. (1998a), “Currency http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/crisis.html, Erişim Tarihi: 18.08.2004. Crisis, İnternet Adrsi:
  • KRUGMAN, P. (1998b), “What Happened to Asia?”, İnternet Adresi: http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/DISINTER.html, 18.08.2004. Erişim Tarihi:
  • KOMULAINEN, T. (1999), “Currency Crisis Theories-Some Explanations for the Russian Case”, Bofıt Discussion Papers, No.1, İnternet Adresi: http://www.bof.fi/bofit/fin/6dp/abs/pdf/dp0199.pdf, 10.10.2004. Erişim Tarihi:
  • LITTLE, J. (1997), “Anotomy of A Currency Crisis”, Regional Review, Fall 1997- Vol.7, No.4, İnternet Adresi: http://www.bos.frb. org/economic/nerr/ rr1997/fall/litt97_4.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 07.09.2004.
  • MISHKIN, F. S. (2000), “Financial Policies and the Prevention of Financial Crises in http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/html/FinancialSectorWeb.nsf/ (attachmentweb)/wps2683/$FILE/wps2683.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.09.2004.
  • NAKİP, M. (2003), Pazarlama Araştırmaları Teknikler ve (SPSS Destekli) Uygulamalar, Seçkin Yayıncılık San. ve Tic. A.Ş., Ankara.
  • NOGUCHI, A. (1999), “Alternative Policy Strategies to Prevent Currency Crises”, İnternet Adresi: http://www.sba.muohio.edu /abas/1999/noguchas.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 05.07.2004.
  • OBSFELD, M. (1984), “Balance of Payment Crises and Devaluation”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 16, Mai, pp. 208-217.
  • OBSFELD, M. (1996), “Models of Currency Crisis With Self-fulfilling Features”, European Economic Review 40, pp. 1037-47.
  • OBSFELD, M. (1994), “The Logic of Currency Crises”, NBER Working Paper, No. 4640, İnternet Adresi: http://emlab.berkeley. edu/users/obstfeld/ ftp/currency_crises/cc.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 13.10.2004.
  • OSAKWE, P. and L. SCHEMBRI, “Currency Crıses And Fıxed Exchange Rates In The 1990s: A Revıew”, Bank of Canada Review, 00451460, Autumn98.
  • PESENTI, P. and C. TILLE (2000), “The Economıcs Of Currency Crıses And Contagıon: An Introductıon”, Economic Policy Review (Federal Reserve Bank of New York), 6 (3).
  • RADELET, S. and J. SACHS (1998), "The East Asian Financial Crisis: Diagnosis, Remedies, Prospects". Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1, İnternet Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2004.
  • edu/hiidpapers/bpeasia2.pdf,
  • RAJAN, R. S. And I. SUGEMA (2000), “Government Baılouts And Monetary Dısequılıbrıum: Common Fundamentals In The Mexıcan And East Asıan Currency Crıses”, North American Journal of Economics & Finance, 10629408, 11 (2).
  • ROUBINI, N. (1998), An Introduction to Open Economy Macroeconomics, Currency http://www.stern.nyu.edu/globalmacro/, Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2004. and the Asian Crisis, İnternet Adresi:
  • SACHS, J. D. (December 1995), “Alternative Approaches to Financial Crises in Emerging Markets”, İnternet Adresi: http://www.hiid.harvard.edu/pub/ pdfs/568.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 14.07.2004.
  • SACHS, J., A. TORNELL and A. VELASCO (1996), “Financial Crises in Emerging Markets: The Lessons from 1995”, İnternet Adresi: http://papers.nber.org/papers/W5576.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2004.
  • SAXENA, S. C. (2001), “Perspectives on Currency Crises”, Indıan Councıl For Research On Internatıonal Economic Relations, Working Paper No. 74, İnternet Adresi: http://www.icrier.res.in/pdf/Sweta1.PDF, Erişim Tarihi: 10.09.2004.
  • SILVA, M. L. F., J. Pinto De ANDRADE and T. S. TORRANCE (2000), “Fundamentals Versus External Shocks: Brazil's Growıng Exposure To Currency Crises”, International Advances in Economic Research, 10830898, 6 (2). THE WORLD BANK https://publications.worldbank.org/subscriptions/WDI/. GROUP, WDI Online, İnternet Adresi:
  • UYGUR, E. (2001), “Krizden Krize Türkiye: 2000 Kasım ve 2001 Şubat Krizleri”, Türkiye Ekonomi Kurumu Tartışma Metini, No: 2001/1, Ankara, 2001, İnternet Adresi: http://www.econturk.org/ turkiye.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2004.
  • WOO, Wing T. (2000), “The Unorthodox Origins Of The Asian Currency Crisis” , ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 02174472, 17 (2).
  • WYPLOSZ, C. (1998), “Globalized Financial Markets and Financial Crises”, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva and CEPR, London, İnternmet Adresi: http://heiwww.unige.ch /~wyplosz/fondad.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2004.
Yıl 2005, Sayı: 24, 15 - 36, 01.01.2005

Öz

Kaynakça

  • ARIAS, G. (2003), “Currency Crises: What We Know and What We Stil Need to Know”, C.E.F.I. Working Paper, No. 2003/13, İnternet Adresi: http://sceco.univ-aix.fr/cefi/documents%20de%20travail/ 0313 .pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 22.10.2004.
  • BABIC, A. and A. ZIGMAN (October 2001), “Currency Crises: Theoretical and Empirical Overview of the 1990s”, Surveys, Croatian National Bank, İnternet Adresi: http://www.hnb.hr/ publikac/pregledi/s-005.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 26.08.2004.
  • BURNSIDE, C. (2000), “Understanding The Korean And Thai Currency Crises”, Economic Perspectives, 1048115X, 2000 3rd Quarter, Vol. 24, Issue 3.
  • CELASUN, O. (1998), “The 1994 Currency Crisis in Turkey”, Macroeconomics and Growth Group, Development Research Depertment, The World Bank, İnternet Workpapers/WPS1900series/wps1913/wps1913.pdf, 08.10.2004.
  • http://www.worldbank.org/html/dec/Publications/ Erişim Tarihi:
  • CHIODO, A. J. and M. T. OWYANG (2002), “A Case Study of a Currency Crisis: The Russian Default of 1998”, The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
  • CORSETTI, G., P. PESENTI and N. ROUBINI (November 1998), “Fundamental Determinants of the Asian crisis: a preliminary empirical assessment”, İnternet Adresi: http://www.stern.nyu.edu /globalmacro/, Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2004.
  • CORSETTI, G., P. PESENTI and N. ROUBINI (1998), “Paper tigers? A model of
  • the Asian crisis”, İnternet Adresi: http://www.stern.nyu.edu/globalmacro/,
  • Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2004.
  • DIAZ De Tuesta, M., and Marco PACHECO (November 2003), Currency Crisis: An Aplication of the Discriminant Analysis Methodology, Master of Science in Banking and Finance MBF-HEC, University of Lausanne, Switzerlend, master_Thesis/Master_s_Thesis_DiazDeTuest&Pacheco.pdf, Tarihi: 08.10.2004. Adresi:
  • www.hec.unil.ch/mbf/Participants/ Erişim
  • EICHENGREEN, B., A. K. ROSE and C. WYPLOSZ (October 1994), “Speculative Attacks on Pegged Exchange Rates: An Empirical Exploration with Special Reference to The European Monetary System”, NBER http://www.nber.org/papers/w4898.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2004. Paper, No. 4898, İnternet Adresi:
  • EKİNCİ, N. K. and K. A. ERTURK (2004), “Turkish Currency Crisis of 2000-1, University of Utah, Working Paper, No: 2004-1, İnternet Adresi: http://www.econ.utah.edu/activities/papers/2004_01 .pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 22.10.2004. ERTURK, K. (2003), “On the Changing Nature of Currency Crises”, Department Of Economics Working Paper Series, Working Paper No: http://www.econ.utah.edu/activities/papers/2003_02.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 22.10.2004. University of Utah, İnternet Adresi:
  • FLOOD, R. P. and P. M. GARBER (1984), “Collapsing Exchange Rate Regimes: Some Linear Examples”, Journal of International Economics, 17, pp. 1- 13.
  • FLOOD, R. and N. MARION (1998), “Perspectives on The Recent Currency Crisis Literature”, NBER Working Paper, No. 6380, İnternet Adresi: http://papers.nber.org/papers/w6380.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 30.09.2004.
  • FRANKEL, J. A. and A. K. ROSE (1996), “Currency Crashes in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Treatment”, International Finance Report, No. 534.
  • GAO, (United States General Accounting Office) (1996), Mexico’s Financial Crisis: Origins, Awaremess, Assistance, and Initial Efforts to Recover, İntenret Adresi: http://www.gao.gov/archive/ 1996/gg96056.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2004.
  • GLICK, R., R. MORENO and M. SPIEGEL (2001), “Fınancıal Crıses In Emergıng Markets”, FRBSF Economic Letter, 0890927X, 03/23/2001, 2001 (7).
  • HAIR, J. F., R. E. ANDERSON, R. L. TATHAM and W. C. BLACK (1995), Multivariate Data Analiysis With Readings, 4th ed., Prentice Hall.
  • KAMINSKY, G.and C. M. REINHART (June 1999), “The Twin Crises: The Causes Of Banking And Balance-Of-Payments Problems”, American Economic Review, 00028282, 89(3).
  • KAMINSKY, G., S. LIZANDO and C. M. REINHART (1998), “Leading Indicators of Currency Crises”, IMF Staff Papers, Vol.5, No.1, pp. 1-48, İnternet Adresi: http://home.gwu.edu/ %7Egraciela/HOME-PAGE/ RESEARCH-WORK/WORKING-PAPERS/leading-indicators.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 15.11.2004.
  • KAUFMAN, George G. (2000), “Bankıng And Currency Crıses And Systemıc Rısk: Lessons From Recent Events”, Economic Perspectives, 1048115X, 2000 3rd Quarter, 24 (3).
  • KİBRİTÇİOĞLU, Aykut “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Krizler ve Hükümetler, 1969- 2001”, Yeni Türkiye Dergisi, Ekonomik Kriz Özel Sayısı, Cilt 1, Yıl 7, Sayı http://dialup.ankara.edu.tr/~kibritci/publications.html, 14.09.2004. 2001, ss. 174-182, İnternet Erişim Tarihi:
  • KRUGMAN, P. (August 1979), “A Model of Balance-of-Payment Crisis”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 11 (3), pp. 311-325. KRUGMAN, P. (1998a), “Currency http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/crisis.html, Erişim Tarihi: 18.08.2004. Crisis, İnternet Adrsi:
  • KRUGMAN, P. (1998b), “What Happened to Asia?”, İnternet Adresi: http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/DISINTER.html, 18.08.2004. Erişim Tarihi:
  • KOMULAINEN, T. (1999), “Currency Crisis Theories-Some Explanations for the Russian Case”, Bofıt Discussion Papers, No.1, İnternet Adresi: http://www.bof.fi/bofit/fin/6dp/abs/pdf/dp0199.pdf, 10.10.2004. Erişim Tarihi:
  • LITTLE, J. (1997), “Anotomy of A Currency Crisis”, Regional Review, Fall 1997- Vol.7, No.4, İnternet Adresi: http://www.bos.frb. org/economic/nerr/ rr1997/fall/litt97_4.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 07.09.2004.
  • MISHKIN, F. S. (2000), “Financial Policies and the Prevention of Financial Crises in http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/html/FinancialSectorWeb.nsf/ (attachmentweb)/wps2683/$FILE/wps2683.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.09.2004.
  • NAKİP, M. (2003), Pazarlama Araştırmaları Teknikler ve (SPSS Destekli) Uygulamalar, Seçkin Yayıncılık San. ve Tic. A.Ş., Ankara.
  • NOGUCHI, A. (1999), “Alternative Policy Strategies to Prevent Currency Crises”, İnternet Adresi: http://www.sba.muohio.edu /abas/1999/noguchas.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 05.07.2004.
  • OBSFELD, M. (1984), “Balance of Payment Crises and Devaluation”, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 16, Mai, pp. 208-217.
  • OBSFELD, M. (1996), “Models of Currency Crisis With Self-fulfilling Features”, European Economic Review 40, pp. 1037-47.
  • OBSFELD, M. (1994), “The Logic of Currency Crises”, NBER Working Paper, No. 4640, İnternet Adresi: http://emlab.berkeley. edu/users/obstfeld/ ftp/currency_crises/cc.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 13.10.2004.
  • OSAKWE, P. and L. SCHEMBRI, “Currency Crıses And Fıxed Exchange Rates In The 1990s: A Revıew”, Bank of Canada Review, 00451460, Autumn98.
  • PESENTI, P. and C. TILLE (2000), “The Economıcs Of Currency Crıses And Contagıon: An Introductıon”, Economic Policy Review (Federal Reserve Bank of New York), 6 (3).
  • RADELET, S. and J. SACHS (1998), "The East Asian Financial Crisis: Diagnosis, Remedies, Prospects". Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1, İnternet Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2004.
  • edu/hiidpapers/bpeasia2.pdf,
  • RAJAN, R. S. And I. SUGEMA (2000), “Government Baılouts And Monetary Dısequılıbrıum: Common Fundamentals In The Mexıcan And East Asıan Currency Crıses”, North American Journal of Economics & Finance, 10629408, 11 (2).
  • ROUBINI, N. (1998), An Introduction to Open Economy Macroeconomics, Currency http://www.stern.nyu.edu/globalmacro/, Erişim Tarihi: 25.08.2004. and the Asian Crisis, İnternet Adresi:
  • SACHS, J. D. (December 1995), “Alternative Approaches to Financial Crises in Emerging Markets”, İnternet Adresi: http://www.hiid.harvard.edu/pub/ pdfs/568.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 14.07.2004.
  • SACHS, J., A. TORNELL and A. VELASCO (1996), “Financial Crises in Emerging Markets: The Lessons from 1995”, İnternet Adresi: http://papers.nber.org/papers/W5576.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2004.
  • SAXENA, S. C. (2001), “Perspectives on Currency Crises”, Indıan Councıl For Research On Internatıonal Economic Relations, Working Paper No. 74, İnternet Adresi: http://www.icrier.res.in/pdf/Sweta1.PDF, Erişim Tarihi: 10.09.2004.
  • SILVA, M. L. F., J. Pinto De ANDRADE and T. S. TORRANCE (2000), “Fundamentals Versus External Shocks: Brazil's Growıng Exposure To Currency Crises”, International Advances in Economic Research, 10830898, 6 (2). THE WORLD BANK https://publications.worldbank.org/subscriptions/WDI/. GROUP, WDI Online, İnternet Adresi:
  • UYGUR, E. (2001), “Krizden Krize Türkiye: 2000 Kasım ve 2001 Şubat Krizleri”, Türkiye Ekonomi Kurumu Tartışma Metini, No: 2001/1, Ankara, 2001, İnternet Adresi: http://www.econturk.org/ turkiye.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2004.
  • WOO, Wing T. (2000), “The Unorthodox Origins Of The Asian Currency Crisis” , ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 02174472, 17 (2).
  • WYPLOSZ, C. (1998), “Globalized Financial Markets and Financial Crises”, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva and CEPR, London, İnternmet Adresi: http://heiwww.unige.ch /~wyplosz/fondad.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10.10.2004.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yrd. Doç. Dr. Hatice Erkekoğlu Bu kişi benim

Doç. Dr. emine Bilgili Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2005
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2005 Sayı: 24

Kaynak Göster

APA Erkekoğlu, Y. . D. . D. . H., & Bilgili, D. . D. . . . . (2005). Parasal Krizlerin Tahmin Edilmesi: Teori ve Uygulama. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(24), 15-36.

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